Estudio de Materiales Nanoestructurados por Metalurgia de Polvos del Ternario Zn-Al-Ag

In this work one presents the study realized to the compound materials: a) Zn77.0-Al22.0-Ag1.0 (wt. %) [Ternary Alloy], b) Zn77.0-Al22.0-Ag-1.0 (wt. %) [Compound Material 1] reinforced with 5 % of NaCl, and c) Al77.0-Zn22.0-Ag1.0 (wt. %)/Si [compound Material 2], the materials were incorporated by means of the alloyed mechanic in a time of grinding of 7 hours. The microstructural characterization was realized by means of: a) Diffraction of beams-X (DRX), b) Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and c) Microhardness Vickers (HV). The aim of this work was to study the effect of the microstructure and the hardness of a materials composed bases zinc and his comparison with a ternary alloy. Materials were obtained nanostructure by sizes of crystal in the ternary alloy of 94nm, and for the compound materials 1 and 2, 116 and 121 nm respectively. The values of hardness obtained for three systems have direct relation with the size of crystal. The image obtained to SEM at 7 hours of grinding suggests that the ternary alloy presents in the morphology bigger agglomerated particles and the compound material 2 particles small flakes. The results suggest that porous materials were obtained in three studied systems. Keywords: Mechanical alloy, Metallurgy of powders, Nanocomposite, Reinforcement with particles

Digital Image Processing Applied to Optical Measurements

Digital image processing is a useful tool that improves pictorial information for human interpretation and is mainly used for storage, transmission, and representation of different data. In this chapter, we want to introduce an optical technique which couples physical analysis with image processing for a measurement system. Optical methods were used to obtain the stress-strain relation by different invasive and noninvasive methods. This chapter talks about a novel noninvasive methodology to measure stress-strain evolution; this technique is based upon a single laser beam reflected on the cross section of ductile materials (steel and aluminum) while they are under a compression load. The way we measure one laser beam is by using the Gaussian beam propagation equations; we propose that the reflection area of the laser is going to change as the material surface area is compressed and we analyze these differences by using digital image processing. With this technique we are able to construct a stress-strain diagram

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales

Action research as the basis to implement enterprise integration engineering and business process management

This paper describes how Action Research (AR) provides a methodology to integrate Business Process Management (BPM) and Enterprise Integration Engineering (EIE) -- The elements of EIE and BPM are aligned to the different stages of AR methodology to achieve a knowledge evolutional cycle to manage change within the enterprise -- The methodology is leveraged by a reference framework which helps to define strategies, evaluate performance measures, design/re-design processes and establish the enabling tools and technologies -- This methodology allows to achieve the integration of enterprise modeling and business processes to create an enterprise model, a formal structure to generate business knowledge and define a platform to achieve the interoperability between processe

Producción de una aleación nanoestructurada FeAL mediante aleación mecánica y su caracterización microestructural

In this work, a Fe40Al alloy was produced by the mechanical alloying technique, from a mixture of elemental powders constituted by Fe and Al, using different milling times. The evolution of size and morphology of powders depending on the milling time was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The X-Ray Diffraction technique was utilized in order to characterize the crystalline structure evolution depending on the milling time. The Fe40Al alloy with a body centered cubic crystal structure was formed at 20 h of milling time. Besides, this alloy acquired a disordered crystal structure with a Nano metric grain size. The Nano metric grain size of disordered Fe40Al alloy was decreased at the same time as the milling time transcurred, while its lattice parameter was increased.En este trabajo se elaboró la aleación Fe40Al mediante la técnica de aleación mecánica (AM) a partir de una mezcla de polvos elementales de Fe y Al, empleando distintos tiempos de molienda. Se caracterizó la evolución en tamaño y morfología de los polvos empleados en el proceso de AM en función del tiempo de molienda mediante la técnica de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB). Se empleó la técnica de Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) para caracterizar la evolución de la estructura cristalina de las fases obtenidas en función del tiempo de molienda. La aleación Fe40Al con estructura cristalina desordenada del tipo cúbico centrado en el cuerpo se formó a las 20 h de molienda. El tamaño nano-métrico de grano correspondiente a la aleación desordenada Fe40Al se redujo con el transcurso del tiempo mientras que su parámetro de red se incrementó con el transcurso del tiempo de molienda

PRODUCTION OF FeAl NANOSTRUCTURED ALLOY BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING AND ITS MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION

In this work, a Fe40Al alloy was produced by the mechanical alloying technique, from a mixture of elemental powders constituted by Fe and Al, using different milling times. The evolution of size and morphology of powders depending on the milling time was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The X-Ray Diffraction technique was utilized in order to characterize the crystalline structure evolution depending on the milling time. The Fe40Al alloy with a body centered cubic crystal structure was formed at 20 h of milling time. Besides, this alloy acquired a disordered crystal structure with a Nano metric grain size. The Nano metric grain size of disordered Fe40Al alloy was decreased at the same time as the milling time transcurred, while its lattice parameter was increased

Experimental method for obtaining the elastic properties of components of a laminated composite

This paper presents Acosta’s (Acosta et al., 2016) constitutive analytical model, which is used for the mechanical analysis of intralaminar and global stresses in symmetrical laminated composite materials subject to axial load. The model is composed of both a laminated constitutive model and a constitutive model for each layer. The model and its method of analysis were used to obtain the elastic properties of the core of a symmetric metal sandwich plate and the properties of a non-symmetric bimetallic material. The model is fed with information from strain gages, which register deformations at the boundary of the compounds analyzed under axial load. The results obtained showed that the proposed method is simple and reliable. Keywords: Elastic properties, Laminated compounds, Sandwich material, Intralaminar stres

The Synthesis of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with Fe-Al Intermetallic Compounds by Ball Milling and Consolidation

In this study, a nano-composite material of a nanostructured Al-based matrix reinforced with Fe40Al intermetallic particles was produced by ball milling. During the non-equilibria processing, the powder mixtures with the compositions of Al-XFe40Al (X = 5, 10, and 15 vol. %) were mechanically milled under a low energy regime. The processed Al-XFe40Al powder mixtures were subjected to uniaxial pressing at room temperature. Afterward, the specimens were subjected to a sintering process under an inert atmosphere. In this thermal treatment, the specimens were annealed at 500 °C for 2 h. The sintering process was performed under an argon atmosphere. The crystallite size of the Al decreased as the milling time advanced. This behavior was observed in the three specimens. During the ball milling stage, the powder mixtures composed of Al-XFe40Al did not experience a mechanochemical reaction that could lead to the generation of secondary phases. The crystallite size of the Al displayed a predominant tendency to decrease during the ball milling process. The microstructure of the consolidated specimens indicated a uniform dispersion of the intermetallic reinforcement phases in the Al matrix. Moreover, according to the Vickers microhardness tests, the hardness varied linearly with the increase in the concentration of the Fe40Al intermetallic phase present in the composite material. The presented graphs indicate that the hardness increased almost linearly with the increasing dislocation density and with the reduction in grain sizes (both occurring during the non-equilibria processing). The microstructural and mechanical properties reported in this paper provide the aluminum matrix composite materials with the ideal conditions to be considered candidates for applications in the automotive and aeronautical industries

Gasificación de carbones colombianos en lecho fluidizado

IP 1118-06-192-95gasificacion de carbon / Alonso Ocampo O., Jaime Aguirre C. yCarlos Londoño G. -- En: Carbon : factor de;desarrollo integral siglo XXI. Memorias / Congreso Nacional yInternacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia del;Carbon. (4 y 2 : 1998 mayo 19-22 : Paipa (Boyaca) Colombia. --[s.l. : s.n.], 1998. -- p. -- Balance de masa y;energia de un gasificador basado en equilibrio quimico / E. Arenas ... [etal.]. -- En: Carbon : factor de;desarrollo integral siglo XXI. Memorias / Congreso Nacional yInternacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia del;Carbon. (4 y 2 : 1998 mayo 19-22 : Paipa (Boyaca) Colombia. --[s.l. : s.n.], 1998. -- p. -- Effect of;pyrolysis conditions on the CO2 catalytic gasification ofchar/A. Molina... [et al.]. -- En: Proceedings /;International Conference on Coal Science (9 : 1997 Sept. 7-12:Essen, Germany). -- Essen : [s.n.], 1997. --;p. -- ARTICULO(S) EN REVISTA: Reactivity of coal gasificationwith steam and CO2 / Alejandro Molina and Fanor;Mondragon. -- En: Fuel. -- Vol. 77, no. 15 (1998); p. 1831-1839.-- ISSN 00162361 -- CO2 strong chemisorption;as an estimate of coal char gasification reactivity / AlejandroMolina, Alejandro Montoya, Fanor Mondragon.; En: Fuel. -- Vol. 78 (1999); p. 971-977. -- ISSN 001623-61-Prediccionde los principales productos de la;gasificacion del carbon / Erika Arenas Castiblanco ... [etal.].'-- en: energia y computacion. -- Vol. 8, no.;1 (ene.-jun. 1999); p. 62-66. -- ISSN 01215299.;and Alejandro Molina. -- En: Prospects for coal science in21stcentury ed. Pekin (Beijing) : Shanxi Science &;Technology Press, 1999. -- p. -- PONENCIA(S) EN CONGRESO:Actividad catalitica de hierro y niquel en la;gasificacion con CO2 de semicoques de Amaga y Titiribi / A. Montoya ... [et al.]. -- En: Carbon : factor de;desarrollo integral siglo XXI. Memorias / Congreso Nacional yInternacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia del;Carbon. (4 y 2 : 1998 mayo 19-22 : Paipa (Boyaca) Colombia. --[s.l. : s.n.], 1998. -- p. -- Efecto de las;condiciones de pirolisis en la gasificacion de CO2 de semicoquescon K como catalizador / A. Molina, F.;Mondragon. -- En: Carbon : factor de desarrollo integral sigloXXI. Memorias / Congreso Nacional y;Internacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia del Carbon. (4 y 2 :1998mayo 19-22: Paipa (Boyaca) Colombia. -- [s.l.;: s.n.], 1998. -- p. -- Utilizacion de la quimisorcion deCO2,en el estudio de la reactividad de semicoques;durante la gasificacion con CO2 / A. Molina, F. Mondragon.--En: Carbon :factor de desarrollo integral siglo;XXI. Memorias / Congreso Nacional y Internacional de Ciencia yTecnologiadel Carbon. (4 y 2 : 1998 mayo 19-22;: Paipa (Boyaca) Colombia. -- [s.l. : s.n.], 1998. -- p. -'- Simulacion y diseño de una planta piloto de;CAPITULO(S) EN LIBRO: Evolution of pore structure and surfacearea duringgasification of coal char with CO2;and H2O / Alejandro Montoya, Elizabeth Florez and Fanor Mondragon. -- En:Prospects for coal science in 21st;century ed. Pekin (Beijing) : Shanxi Science & TechnologyPress,1999. --p. -- CO2 chemisorption on chars;loaded with K, Fe and Ni and its relation to CO2 gasificationreactivity /Fanor Mondragon, Alejandro Montoy