Neutralizing the Stratagem of “Snap Removal”: A Proposed Amendment to the Judicial Code

The “Removal Jurisdiction Clarification Act” is a narrowly tailored legislative proposal designed to resolve a widespread conflict in the federal district courts over the proper interpretation of the statutory “forum-defendant” rule. The forum-defendant rule prohibits removal of a diversity case “if any of the parties in interest properly joined and served as defendants is a citizen of the [forum state].” 28 U.S.C. § 1441(b)(2) (emphasis added). Some courts, following the “plain language” of the statute, hold that defendants can avoid the constraints of the rule by removing diversity cases to federal court when a citizen of the forum state has been joined as a defendant but has not yet been served. This stratagem has been referred to as “snap removal.” Other courts reject the stratagem. They take a “purposive” approach, typically reasoning that following the plain language “produces a result that is at clear odds with congressional intent.” Resolution of the conflict can come only from Congress. The preferable resolution is to neutralize the stratagem of snap removal by requiring district courts to remand cases to the appropriate state court if, after removal, the plaintiff timely serves one or more forum defendants and a timely motion to remand follows. That is the approach taken by the proposed legislation. The legislation also would confirm that the forum-defendant rule is not jurisdictional, endorsing the position taken by all but one of the circuits that have considered the question

The Ursinus Weekly, May 6, 1957

May Day pageant Sat., 2:30 P.M.; Band concert and play scheduled • Concert by Band and Meistersingers • Co-chairmen chosen for 1958 Campus Chest fund • Alpha Phi Omega election; Banquet planned for May • Curtain Club to give Sabrina Fair • Chem prize awarded to Robert Engel for paper • Proctor system and discipline topics at MSGA meeting • MSGA elections held Thurs., May 2 • Pre-medders elect officers • YW-YMCA retreat May 3-5; Commissions plan programs • YM-YW hears Hess on visit to Russia • Meistersingers tour a success; Give concert May 3 • Famous artist to speak in Schwenksville, May 9 • Six Chi Alpha seniors accepted at seminaries • Waiters banquet held April 30 • Newman Club holds breakfast • Delta Pi Sigma\u27s new brothers • Editorial: Time for reflection • Politics • Apathy • Population: A problem • Fifty-four forty or fight or politics • Bears defeat PMC; Lose to Garnets, Fords and Hens • Bears place 6th, 8th in Penn Relays • Garnets defeat Bears; Four new records are set • Belles net team wins 3 matches; Lose tournament • Buggeln, Lawhead, Carney star in meet with F & M • Batmen\u27s record now eight wins; Slaughtered Dickinson Saturday 7-0 • Zeta Chi elects new officers • Library receives bookshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1428/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, May 12, 1958

Men\u27s student government election results announced • Rowe president of the Curtain Club; McKey wins award • Mayor discusses juvenile crime • Campus Chest total announced; Chairmen named • Women\u27s dorm elections held; Senators chosen • Men\u27s council completes term; Finishes new rules • Class, MSGA officers selected on Wednesday • Open door policy in mental health featured at Forum • Arrival of professors in September announced • Green back and machines watched • Editorial: Customs • She stoops to conquer • Letters to the editor • How to be a campus intellectual • Martella reaches quarter final in Middle Atlantics • Lacrosse squad defeated; Lose last two contests • Ursinus drops third to Ryder squad, 4-3 • Girls\u27 tennis team wins season\u27s two stiffest matches • Art King chosen Lantern editor; New staff named • Newman Club hears speaker • Tempest made APO prexy; Service projects plannedhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1407/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern Vol. 26, No. 2, Spring 1958

• The Wise Man • Of Men and Lobsters • The Painting • The Ghost of Moon Mountain • Song for the Atomic Age • Opus I • Stillnesshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1074/thumbnail.jp

Reflections on the coproduction of a crisis-focused intervention for inpatient settings underpinned by a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) model

Background: Psychological interventions delivered in inpatient settings have rarely been coproduced with those who receive them. The aim of this study is to outline the coproduction process which led to the development of an adapted inpatient intervention underpinned by a Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for psychosis model. / Method: Our coproduction group was comprised of experts by experience, family and carers, multi-disciplinary clinicians, and researchers. The group met monthly to develop the intervention and focused on eight key areas of the intervention, including therapist values, assessment, formulation, coping strategies, crisis/safety plans, and discharge plans. / Results: The coproduction panel highlighted the importance of flexible delivery of the intervention, developing a trusting relationship with the therapist, advocacy, prioritising patient safety on the ward, managing the impacts of inpatient care, preparing for discharge, and having family, carer and community involvement. Challenges of the coproduction process included having a pre-existing intervention model that was being adapted rather than coproducing a new one, discussing emotionally charged issues, and having limited time to coproduce the intervention. / Discussion: Coproduction brought immense value to the development of this intervention, ensuring it was culturally competent and suitable for the inpatient setting. Further research should be undertaken exploring the coproduction process applied to clinical research

Lack of Evidence from Studies of Soluble Protein Fragments that Knops Blood Group Polymorphisms in Complement Receptor-Type 1 Are Driven by Malaria

Complement receptor-type 1 (CR1, CD35) is the immune-adherence receptor, a complement regulator, and an erythroid receptor for Plasmodium falciparum during merozoite invasion and subsequent rosette formation involving parasitized and non-infected erythrocytes. The non-uniform geographical distribution of Knops blood group CR1 alleles Sl1/2 and McCa/b may result from selective pressures exerted by differential exposure to infectious hazards. Here, four variant short recombinant versions of CR1 were produced and analyzed, focusing on complement control protein modules (CCPs) 15–25 of its ectodomain. These eleven modules encompass a region (CCPs 15–17) key to rosetting, opsonin recognition and complement regulation, as well as the Knops blood group polymorphisms in CCPs 24–25. All four CR1 15–25 variants were monomeric and had similar axial ratios. Modules 21 and 22, despite their double-length inter-modular linker, did not lie side-by-side so as to stabilize a bent-back architecture that would facilitate cooperation between key functional modules and Knops blood group antigens. Indeed, the four CR1 15–25 variants had virtually indistinguishable affinities for immobilized complement fragments C3b (KD = 0.8–1.1 µM) and C4b (KD = 5.0–5.3 µM). They were all equally good co-factors for factor I-catalysed cleavage of C3b and C4b, and they bound equally within a narrow affinity range, to immobilized C1q. No differences between the variants were observed in assays for inhibition of erythrocyte invasion by P. falciparum or for rosette disruption. Neither differences in complement-regulatory functionality, nor interactions with P. falciparum proteins tested here, appear to have driven the non-uniform geographic distribution of these alleles

Application of novel analytical ultracentrifuge analysis to solutions of fungal mannans

Polysaccharides, the most abundant biopolymers, are required for a host of activities in lower organisms, animals, and plants. Their solution characterization is challenging due to their complex shape, heterogeneity, and size. Here, recently developed data analysis approaches were applied for traditional sedimentation equilibrium and velocity methods in order to investigate the molar mass distribution(s) of a subtype of polysaccharide, namely, mannans from four Candida spp. The molecular weight distributions of these mannans were studied using two recently developed equilibrium approaches: SEDFIT-MSTAR and MULTISIG, resulting in corroboratory distribution profiles. Additionally, sedimentation velocity data for all four mannans, analyzed using ls-g*(s) and Extended Fujita approaches, suggest that two of the fungal mannans (FM-1 and FM-3) have a unimodal distribution of molecular species whereas two others (FM-2 and FM-4) displayed bi-modal and broad distributions, respectively: this demonstrates considerable molecular heterogeneity in these polysaccharides, consistent with previous observations of mannans and polysaccharides in general. These methods not only have applications for the characterization of mannans but for other biopolymers such as polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins (including intrinsically disordered proteins)

Taking the long view on writing development

Studies on writing development have grown in diversity and depth in recent decades, but remain fragmented along lines of theory, method, and age ranges or populations studied. Meaningful, competent writing performances that meet the demands of the moment rely on many kinds of well-practiced and deeply understood capacities working together; however, these capacities’ realization and developmental trajectories can vary from one individual to another. Without an integrated framework to understand lifespan development of writing abilities in its variation, high-stakes decisions about curriculum, instruction, and assessment are often made in unsystematic ways that may fail to support the development they are intended to facilitate; further, research may not consider the range of issues at stake in studying writing in any particular moment. To address this need and synthesize what is known about the various dimensions of writing development at different ages, the coauthors of this essay have engaged in sustained discussion, drawing on a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives. Drawing on research from different disciplinary perspectives, they propose eight principles upon which an account of writing development consistent with research findings could be founded. These principles are proposed as a basis for further lines of inquiry into how writing develops across the lifespan

Shear-induced pressure changes and seepage phenomena in a deforming porous layer-I

We present a model for flow and seepage in a deforming, shear-dilatant sensitive porous layer that enables estimates of the excess pore fluid pressures and flow rates in both the melt and solid phase to be captured simultaneously as a function of stress rate. Calculations are relevant to crystallizing magma in the solidosity range 0.5–0.8 (50–20 per cent melt), corresponding to a dense region within the solidification front of a crystallizing magma chamber. Composition is expressed only through the viscosity of the fluid phase, making the model generally applicable to a wide range of magma types. A natural scaling emerges that allows results to be presented in non-dimensional form. We show that all length-scales can be expressed as fractions of the layer height H, timescales as fractions of H2(nβ'θ+ 1)/(θk) and pressures as fractions of . Taking as an example the permeability k in the mush of the order of magnitude 1015 m2 Pa1 s1, a layer thickness of tens of metres and a mush strength (θ) in the range 108–1012 Pa, an estimate of the consolidation time for near-incompressible fluids is of the order of 105–109 s. Using mush permeability as a proxy, we show that the greatest maximum excess pore pressures develop consistently in rhyolitic (high-viscosity) magmas at high rates of shear ( , implying that during deformation, the mechanical behaviour of basaltic and rhyolitic magmas will differ. Transport parameters of the granular framework including tortuosity and the ratio of grain size to layer thickness (a/H) will also exert a strong effect on the mechanical behaviour of the layer at a given rate of strain. For dilatant materials under shear, flow of melt into the granular layer is implied. Reduction in excess pore pressure sucks melt into the solidification front at a velocity proportional to the strain rate. For tectonic rates (generally 1014 s1), melt upwelling (or downwelling, if the layer is on the floor of the chamber) is of the order of cm yr1. At higher rates of loading comparable with emplacement of some magmatic intrusions (1010 s1), melt velocities may exceed effects due to instabilities resulting from local changes in density and composition. Such a flow carries particulates with it, and we speculate that these may become trapped in the granular layer depending on their sizes. If on further solidification the segregated grain size distribution of the particulates is frozen in the granular layer, structure formation including layering and grading may result. Finally, as the process settles down to a steady state, the pressure does not continue to decrease. We find no evidence for critical rheological thresholds, and the process is stable until so much shear has been applied that the granular medium fails, but there is no hydraulic failure

A review of modern approaches to the hydrodynamic characterisation of polydisperse macromolecular systems in biotechnology

This short review considers the range of modern techniques for the hydrodynamic characterisation of macromolecules – particularly large glycosylated systems used in the food, biopharma and healthcare industries. The range or polydispersity of molecular weights and conformations presents special challenges compared to proteins. The review is aimed, without going into any great theoretical or methodological depth, to help the Industrial Biotechnologist choose the appropriate methodology or combination of methodologies for providing the detail he/she needs for particular applications