Memahami Mekanisme Testis sebagai Immune Privilege Site

Immune privilege adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan tempat tertentu tubuh yang yang mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan antigen tanpa menimbulkan respon imun. Organ yang diketahui termasuk immune privilege sites adalah otak, mata, placenta, fetus dan testis. Immune privilege diduga sebagai hasil adaptasi evlusioner untuk melindungi struktur vital dari efek merusak dari suatu respon imun peradangan. Bukti testis sebagai Immune privilege site dan faktor faktor yang normalnya menyebabkan peradangan ada didalam testis dengan kadar yang tinggi yang mengatur perkembangan sperma ketimbang menimbulkan peradangan. Mengontrol perkembangan sperma dengan mengontrol pembelahan sel dan sel survival. Faktor imun lain yang ada di dalam testis adalah enzim yang menginduksi nitrit oxide synthase (iNOS), dan produknya Nitric Oxide NO), Transforming Growth Faktor beta(TGFβ), enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dan produknya prostaglandin E2. Jadi sebagai organ yang immune privilege maka testis dapat: menekan sejumlah faktor respon imun mengatur perkembangan sperma ketimbang memicu peradangan, tetapi dapat terjadi penyakit autoimun pada testis

Inheritance of Soybean Pod Number Trait on Acid Soil

Al-toxicity stressed soybean will show its tolerance response by changing pod number per plant. Hence, Al-toxicity tolerance of soybean can be predicted using that character. The objective of the research was to study inheritance of pod number trait of soybean on acid soil. Development of base population was carried out by crossing the genotypes of W3898- 14-3 with MLGG 0583 and MLGG 0709 from March 2002 to January 2003. Then, from March to June 2003, 13 populations resulting from soybean base population were grown on Pulung Kencana, Tulang Bawang, Lampung, where the soil is Ultisol with Al saturity of 32.84%. The design was randomized completely block design with three replications. The space was 40 x 15 cm, one plant per hill. Results showed that based on pod number per plant, soybean tolerance was polygenically controlled, where the gene action was additive and there was no allelic and non-allelic interaction genes. Narrow sense heritability was low, while broad sense heritability was classified as high

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan Motivasi Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Pada PT. Bintang Sewu Sejahtera Di Manado

The company always strives for the employee to provide work productivity as much aspossible so that corporate objectives can be achieved in accordance with the targets set. But it is oftensubjected to various kinds of obstacles because employees have thoughts, feelings, status, desire anddiverse backgrounds are brought into the company. It is necessary for the role of transformationalleadership that can give consideration and the intellectual stimulation individualized and who hascharisma and knowledge about what is the motivation of the employees as motivation from within andfrom outside so that work productivity can be improved. This research was conducted with the aim todetermine the effect of transformational leadership and motivation towards employee productivity byusing the transformational leadership theory of Bass and Avolio, motivation theory of FrederickHerzberg's and the work productivity theory of Sedarmayanti. The method used in this research usingquantitative descriptive, with approach multiple linear regression and multiple linear correlationanalysis. From the research obtainable equation as follows: Y = 2,237 + 0,246 + 0,720 . Theseresults indicate if there is no transformational leadership and motivation in the company, then theemployee productivity is 2,237. If the transformational leadership increased 1 scale on respondents'answers it will increase employee productivity by 0,246. If the motivation to increase by 1 scale on therespondent's answer then the employee's productivity will also increase by 0,720. From the result of Ftestobtained value by 46,873 more than the value of is 3,25 with a significant level 0,000> 0,05 then Ho is rejected and Ha accepted it means transformational leadership and motivationsignificantly influence employee productivity

Determinant of Non-Organic Farming in Enrekang District of South Sulawesi

Non-organik farming has a great impact on creasing agricultural production, but many negative impacts such a reduced soil fertility, environment damage and also negative impact on human health. The government has launched various programs to depelop organic farming to encourage farmers to swich to organic farming but has not been successful until now. The research aims to analyze the persistent determinant of non-organic farming by using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis. Result of research, there are three elements becoming persistent determinant of non-organic farming, that is: Facilities dan infrastructure of organic farming available, application of production facilities (fertilizers/chemical pesticides) easy and practical, easy market access for non organic products

Pelatihan Penulisan Karya Ilmiah (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas sebagai Inspirasi Guru Profesional)

Pelatihan Penulisan Karya ilmiah ini merupakan bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat. Kegiatan pelatihan ini fokus pada Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Pelatihan ini bertujuan (1) memberikan pemahaman kepada guru terhadap pentingnya Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (2) para guru mampu mengaplikasikan konsep dan pemahaman Penelitian Tindakan Kelas pada pelaksanaan dan evaluasi proses pembelajaran. Lokasi kegiatan ini di Kecamatan Kopang, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Peserta pelatihan adalah para guru di tingkat Sekolah Dasar dan Menengah Pertama se-Kecamatan Kopang Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Peserta yang hadir pada pelatihan ini sebanyak 35 peserta. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini adalah ceramah bervariasi dalam bentuk seminar sehari. Peserta terlihat aktif dan semangat mengikuti pelatihan. Hal ini ditandai dengan pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh para peserta. Berdasarkan temuan hasil diskusi bahwa pelatihan penelitian tindakan kelas memberikan inspirasi tersendiri bagi guru. Kegiatan semacam ini yang jarang dilaksanakan didaerah. Peserta akan mengaplikasikan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan harapan ada proses pendampingan yang berkelanjutan

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Microplastic polymers in shellfish and fish in the coastal area

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The coastal area of Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is heavily impacted by microplastic pollution, which poses a threat to marine organisms such as shellfish and fish. This aim of this study was to identifiy the presence of microplastic polymers, including vinylidene chloride, polyacetylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polybutylene terephthalate, poly(isobutyl methacrylate), cellulose acetate butyrate, polybutadiene, and polyvinylchloride, in shellfish and fish in the coastal area of Jeneponto district, Indonesia. METHODS: In total, 60 shellfish and fish samples were collected directly from 12 locations in the coastal waters of Jeneponto Regency. Sample preparation, including enzymatic digestion and mechanical destruction, was performed to separate the organic tissues of fish and shellfish into small particles. Optical microscopy (at 100× and 400× magnification) was used to observe the morphology and to count the number of particles per sample volume using a modified Neubeuer Improved Counting Chamber. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the type of polymer. FINDINGS: Feather clams contained the highest number of microplastics, with a total of 58 items ranging from 0.027 to 4.587 millimeters in size. The total abundance of microplastics in feather clams ranged from 0.25 to 2.14 items per gram. Kurisi fish contained 22 items ranging from 0.085 to 2.127 millimeters in size, with a total abundance ranging from 0.01 to 0.08 items per gram. The types of polymers identified in the fish and clams included vinylidene chloride, polyacetylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polybutylene terephthalate, poly(isobutyl methacrylate), cellulose acetate butyrate, polybutadiene, and polyvinyl chloride. Vinylidene chloride was the predominant type of microplastic polymer, accounting for 42 percent of all microplastic polymers. CONCLUSION: This study successfully identified eight types of microplastic polymers found in shellfish and fish in the coastal area of Jeneponto; the most common was vinylidene chloride. These findings indicate that marine organisms and humans are exposed to microplastics, which are potentially harmful, but further research is needed to understand the full extent of the associated environmental health impacts and risks

Optimalisasi Kompetensi Guru MA As'adiyah Mattirowalie Kabupaten Bone Melalui Workshop Strategi Pembelajaran Kooperatif dan Desain Visual Menggunakan Canva

Peningkatan kompetensi guru merupakan aspek fundamental dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan kompetensi guru MA As'adiyah Mattirowalie Kabupaten Bone melalui workshop strategi pembelajaran kooperatif dan desain visual menggunakan aplikasi Canva. Metode yang digunakan berupa pelatihan interaktif yang terdiri dari tiga tahapan: persiapan, pelaksanaan workshop, dan evaluasi. Kegiatan ini melibatkan 25 guru dari berbagai bidang studi. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman dan keterampilan guru mengenai implementasi strategi pembelajaran kooperatif seperti Jigsaw, Think-Pair-Share, dan Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD). Selain itu, keterampilan guru dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran visual dengan Canva juga mengalami peningkatan dari 35% menjadi 87%. Evaluasi kepuasan peserta menunjukkan 92% guru merasa kegiatan ini sangat bermanfaat dan relevan dengan kebutuhan pembelajaran di era digital. Kegiatan pengabdian ini berkontribusi pada peningkatan kompetensi pedagogik dan profesional guru serta mendorong inovasi pembelajaran di lingkungan MA As'adiyah Mattirowalie Kabupaten Bone

How land use/land cover changes can affect water, flooding and sedimentation in a tropical watershed: a case study using distributed modeling in the Upper Citarum watershed, Indonesia

[EN] Human activity has produced severe LULC changes within the Upper Citarum watershed and these changes are predicted to continue in the future. With an increase in population parallel to a 141% increment in urban areas, a reduction of rice fields and the replacement of forests with cultivations have been found in the past. Accordingly, LCM model was used to forecast the LULC in 2029. A distributed model called TETIS was implemented in the Upper Citarum watershed to assess the impact of the different historical and future LULC scenarios on its water and sediment cycles. This model was calibrated and validated with different LULCs. For the implementation of the sediment sub-model, it was crucial to use the bathymetric information of the reservoir located at the catchment's outlet. Deforestation and urbanization have been shown to be the most influential factors affecting the alteration of the hydrological and sedimentological processes in the Upper Citarum watershed. The change of LULC decreases evapotranspiration and as a direct consequence, the water yield increased by 15% and 40% during the periods 1994-2014 and 2014-2029, respectively. These increments are caused by the rise of three components in the runoff: overland flow, interflow and base flow. Apart from that, these changes in LULC increased the area of non-tolerable erosion from 412 km(2) in 1994 to 499 km(2) in 2029. The mean sediment yield increased from 3.1 Mton -yr(-1) in the 1994 LULC scenario to 6.7 Mton-yr(-1) in the 2029 LULC scenario. An increment of this magnitude will be catastrophic for the operation of the Saguling Dam.This study was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the research projects TETISMED (CGL2014-58,127-C3-3-R) and TETISCHANGE (RTI2018-093717-B-I00). The authors are also thankful to the Directorate General of Higher Education of Indonesia (DIKTI) for the Ph.D. funding of the first author.Siswanto, SY.; Francés, F. (2019). How land use/land cover changes can affect water, flooding and sedimentation in a tropical watershed: a case study using distributed modeling in the Upper Citarum watershed, Indonesia. Environmental Earth Sciences. 78(17):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8561-0S115781