Longitudinal modes in a high-gain laser

In lasers employing high-gain narrow-linewidth transitions the theory predicts major departures of the mode-splitting frequencies from their low-gain values as well as a new type of mode splitting. The first of these effects consisting of a reduction by a factor of 2.5 of the mode splitting in a xenon 3.51-µm laser is observed experimentally

Beyond the Chart: The use of Satellite Remote Sensing for Assessing the Adequacy and Completeness Information

Chart adequacy and completeness information consists of the symbols, abbreviations and warnings used to inform mariners of the level of confidence that should be given to data on a nautical chart. This information is derived both from the nautical chart and sailing directions. However, analysis based solely on these datasets is limited without access to the sources (e.g., smooth sheets). Publically-available, multi-spectral satellite imagery and published algorithms can be used to derive estimates of the relative bathymetry in shallow, clear waters. In this study, we evaluate the potential of these methods for supplementing the procedure to assess the adequacy of hydrographic surveying and nautical charting coverage. Optically-derived bathymetry provides information in areas that have not been surveyed and monitor any seafloor changes that may have occurred since the last survey of the area. Preliminary results show that multi-spectral satellite remote sensing is also potentially beneficial as a reconnaissance tool prior to a hydrographic acoustic survey

Spectral characterization of the Nigerian shoreline using Landsat imagery

The challenges of shoreline mapping include the high costs of acquiring up-to-date survey data over the coastal area. As a result, in many developing countries, the shoreline has not been consistently mapped. The variety of methods used for this mapping and the large time differences between the surveys (on the order of decades) could result in inaccuracies in shoreline data. This study presents the development of a shoreline characterization procedure for the Nigerian coastline using satellite remote sensing technology. The study goal is to produce a complete, consistent and continuous shoreline map using publicly available data processed in a GIS environment. A spectral analysis using different satellite bands was conducted to define the land/water boundary and characterize the coastal area around the shoreline. The satellite-derived shorelines were compared to charted shorelines for adequacy and consistency. The procedure was developed based on study sites along the Nigerian coastline. Although the shoreline characterization procedure is developed based on datasets from Nigeria, the procedure should be suitable for use in mapping other developing areas around world

Development of a Geo-spatial Analysis Methodology for Assessing the Adequacy of Hydrographic Surveying and Nautical Charts

IHO Publication C-55 (Status of Hydrographic Surveying and Nautical Charting Worldwide) contains information about the progress of hydrographic surveying and nautical charting for a country with navigable waters under its jurisdiction. Listed primarily as percent coverage, it is difficult to use this information to determine: 1) if the current level of surveying or charting is adequate or in need of action, or 2) can be used to compare different locations. An analysis and assessment methodology has been developed to assess the adequacy hydrographic surveying and nautical charting coverage. Indications of chart adequacy and completeness as depicted on current charts or sailing directions are spatially correlated with significant maritime sites/areas associated with social, environmental and economic factors. The procedure was developed in a GIS environment for Belize and Nigeria. Areas within the charts were prioritized based on zone of confidence, source diagrams, chart quality symbols/indicators, doubtful danger markings, survey completeness, navigationally-significant depths, and areas of significant maritime importance

Goals in the dual credit classroom: language as dual credit power

2013 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.From pen-to-paper submission to plagiarism filters such as Turnitin.com, Composition instruction tools change, and instructors at every level must adapt to technological advances. Despite changes at all levels, students' ability to manipulate language and manipulate the means of publishing language still equates to academic power. Manipulating technology and language, students and instructors alike must raise their expectations for both Composition product and process. In the Colorado high school classroom these raised expectations are called "21st Century Skills"1. These skills guarantee that a student can manipulate language and acquire the necessary language-based power to thrive in the 21st Century workplace. Post-Secondary institutions also include technology and the same "21st Century skills" in their outcomes for Composition I. Pierre Bourdieu's explanation of language as power2 is my basis for examining Composition expectations in College Composition I and High School Senior English in Colorado to provide dual credit3 classroom goals with college-level rigor combined with the rigid requirements of a high school setting. Scholars and high school administrators rarely examine dual credit classrooms and their academic product. They overlook dual credit students because they represent the school's elite and adhere to rules or regulations teachers place on them. But their learning takes second or even third place to students who don't perform as well, but who still follow the same rules and regulations. In a Colorado high school classroom, CCSS provide content and expectations to aid students in academic growth. Nevertheless, college Composition classrooms do little more than prepare students to teach Composition or provide a base for scaffolding further Composition instruction. Neither the CCSS nor the Composition I outcomes prepare the dual credit student for their next academic step. Several P-Post-Secondary Composition advocates, high school Composition advocates, and Post-Secondary Composition advocates outline Composition requirements and outcomes at their particular level of academia. My analysis includes the National Council of Teachers of English expectations for the teaching of writing, the Council of Writing Program Administrators, the Colorado Community College System, and the Colorado Common Core State Standards. After I analyze what these experts identify as Composition, I examine college Composition theory according to James Berlin and Kathleen Blake Yancey. Berlin provides a historical view of college Composition, and I juxtapose his view with Yancey who provides a modern, technological, communication based4 expectation of the Composition Classroom. Lastly, anecdotal evidence and pedagogical strategies from my own high school classroom provide first-hand credible evidence of assessment and expectation in a dual credit classroom. Finally, I argue for Bourdieu-centered goals that provide dual credit students with meaningful instruction that provides college-level rigor with accommodated protection of a high school learning environment including but not limited to: image analysis, technology access, theme and unit study, and rigorous Composition expectations

Future directions in hydrography using satellite-derived bathymetry

Satellite remote sensing provides useful reconnaissance tool for mapping near-shore bathymetry, characterizing a coastal area and monitoring any seafloor changes that may have occurred since the last hydrographic survey of the area. At the 2012 Canada Hydro conference, a study was presented on the potential use of Landsat satellite imagery to map shallow-water bathymetry in a GIS environment over three study sites. Since then, several collaborations between the current study group and various hydrographic organizations were established with the goal of implementing optically-derived bathymetry as part of their data acquiring procedure. Bathymetry over additional study sites around the world was tested. Also, different commercial software packages were evaluated to provide an affordable processing platform for hydrographic offices in developing countries. In this paper, an overview will be provided on the advances that have been achieved in the past year and an update and future directions of the study

An Assessment of Scales Measuring Constructs in Tests of Criminological Theory Based on National Youth Survey Data

Researchers have utilized the National Youth Survey (NYS) data to test a variety of theoretical explanations of criminal behavior. Here, the authors offer an assessment of scales used in tests of criminological theory based on NYS data. The authors conducted this assessment to provide results informing future tests of theory. Their analyses focus on understanding the extent to which scales representative of different theories are actually based on the same item content. They test for two distinct processes that may explain this phenomenon. In the first process, scales measuring a given construct are attributed to different theories. In the second process, scales measuring different constructs are based on the same items. Results show that both of the processes described above contribute to the use of the same NYS items in scales that are attributed to different theories. To inform future tests of theory, the authors identify the sections of the NYS where each of these processes are most prevalent, in effect identifying the areas of the NYS that future tests of theory should treat with the greatest care. Based on the implications of each process identified above, the authors also offer some suggestions to strengthen future tests of theory using NYS data

The Mirror Turn Lamp : Natural-Supernatural in Yeats

The supernatural portrayed in Yeats represents a carefully constructed convergence of all major themes in his canon. Yeats\u27s first exposure to myth, the supernatural, and magic occurs in the 1890s when he worked as an editor of William Blake and Irish fairy lore. This experience at once inspired Yeats to explore mysticism and to shroud his own collected works in mystery. With the onset of modernity and the age of criticism this period ushered in, however, he was unable to capitalize on the spiritual as first imagined. As mere aesthetic, peculiar illuminations of the immaterial world Yeats so intensely sought finally signal only his abilities as an editor. Textual and thematic unity in Yeats\u27s canon does not approach the higher spiritual unity he sought before the cruel process of modernity crippled the imagination of his readers and critics. In defiance of harsh criticisms determined to fix or rationalize him, Yeats ultimately mocks this strange and public affair with the occult

An update on χc\chi_c Decays: Perturbative QCD versus Data

We present a global fit of current available experimental results on $\chi_c$ decays within next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD. The quality and reduced errors of recent data improve the agreement between theory and experiment.Comment: 10 pages, Late

Charmonium Decay Physics

Recent experimental results on the decays of charmonium, together with related physics issues, are reviewed. Some future prospects are described.Comment: 8 pages, latex, no figures. Invited talk at the 8th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (Hadron99), Beijing, 24-28 august, 1999; to appear in Proceeding