Service User Involvement - SUI Newsletter - Ausgabe August 2022

Dieser Newsletter informiert jährlich über die Aktivitäten des deutschsprachigen Netzwerkes zu Service User Involvement - Erfahrungswissen in der Hochschulbildung. Der Newsletter informiert in seiner Ausgabe 2022 über folgende Aktivitäten: David Dörrer und Karin Terfloth berichten in ihrem Beitrag „Professionalisierung des Service User Involvements durch Qualifikationsangebote“ über den Einsatz von Bildungsfachkräften. Dabei nehmen sie die Benefits für die Menschen mit Behinderungserfahrungen in den Blick und stellen sich die Frage, wie die Qualifizierung ggf. Perspektiven bzw. die Vertretung der Peergruppe verändern kann. In ihrem Beitrag „Service User Involvement in der Ausbildung in Zürich: Ein Pilotprojekt“ stellen Gisela Meier und Michael Herzig eine tatkräftige Initiative für die Implementierung von SUI an der Fachhochschule Zürich vor. Für die Erstellung des Konzeptes werden Studierende, Lehrende, Adressat*innen und Sozialarbeitende einbezogen. Florian Günthert von der FH Esslingen schreibt in seinem Beitrag „Wie erlebt man Wohnungslosigkeit?“ aus der Perspektive eines Studenten über ein SUI Projekt. Aus der Recherche über Wohnungslosigkeit kam das Interesse zustande, die Stimmen derjenigen zu finden, die betroffen sind. Herausgekommen ist eine Blog-Website mit Aussagen und Berichten von interviewten Menschen und Textgrafiken. Ein weiterer Einblick aus der Lehre kommt aus der FH Potsdam von Olivia Aufschlag und Elena Sollmann. Sie berichten in dem Beitrag „Das Format der Werkstätten an der FH Potsdam – Forschungsfragen von Studierenden zu SUI“ von ihren Forschungsergebnissen über die Motivation von Service Usern, ihr Wissen mit angehenden Sozialarbeiter*innen zu teilen. Gerahmt wird der Beitrag durch eine kleine Einleitung zu dem Lehr-Lern-Format der Werkstatt von Marlene-Anne Dettmann. Katharina Scholz bietet in ihrem Beitrag „SUI-Talk mit Erfahrungsexpertinnen und Studentinnen der Sozialen Arbeit auf der Jahrestagung der DGSA“ eine kleine Nachlese zu unserem Panel. Zu Wort kommen dabei auch beteiligte Studentinnen der FH Esslingen und ihre Perspektive auf SUI. Zusätzlich gibt es noch Links zu weiteren Materialien. Sylvia Fahr-Armbruster, Conny Birkemeyer und Oscar Garcia stellen in ihrem Beitrag „Recovery College Stuttgart“ einen neuen Ort der „lebendigen Selbsthilfeszene“ vor. Nach dem Motto „Erfahrungswissen lebendig teilen“ laden Menschen mit Krankheitserfahrungen zum Austausch ein und sind offen für spannende Kooperationen mit Hochschulen. Mit dem Beitrag „SUI in Europa – persönliche Eindrücke aus Nottingham und Amsterdam“ teilt Marlene-Anne Dettmann ihre Beobachtungen zu den Entwicklungen im europäischen Raum, beispielsweise mit praktischen Umsetzungsideen und der sprachlichen Verwendung von „people with lived experience“. Am Ende des Newsletters finden Sie noch Hinweise über aktuelle Publikationen und anstehende Termine zum Thema Service User Involvement. Ich wünsche viel Spaß beim Lesen und freue mich auf Ihre Rückmeldungen und neuen Berichte.Unknow

Biological soil crusts on agricultural soils of mesic regions promote microbial cross-kingdom co-occurrences and nutrient retention

IntroductionBiological soil crusts (biocrusts) are known as biological hotspots on undisturbed, nutrient-poor bare soil surfaces and until now, are mostly observed in (semi-) arid regions but are currently poorly understood in agricultural systems. This is a crucial knowledge gap because managed sites of mesic regions can quickly cover large areas. Thus, we addressed the questions (i) if biocrusts from agricultural sites of mesic regions also increase nutrients and microbial biomass as their (semi-) arid counterparts, and (ii) how microbial community assemblage in those biocrusts is influenced by disturbances like different fertilization and tillage regimes.MethodsWe compared phototrophic biomass, nutrient concentrations as well as the abundance, diversity and co-occurrence of Archaea, Bacteria, and Fungi in biocrusts and bare soils at a site with low agricultural soil quality.Results and DiscussionBiocrusts built up significant quantities of phototrophic and microbial biomass and stored more nutrients compared to bare soils independent of the fertilizer applied and the tillage management. Surprisingly, particularly low abundant Actinobacteria were highly connected in the networks of biocrusts. In contrast, Cyanobacteria were rarely connected, which indicates reduced importance within the microbial community of the biocrusts. However, in bare soil networks, Cyanobacteria were the most connected bacterial group and, hence, might play a role in early biocrust formation due to their ability to, e.g., fix nitrogen and thus induce hotspot-like properties. The microbial community composition differed and network complexity was reduced by conventional tillage. Mineral and organic fertilizers led to networks that are more complex with a higher percentage of positive correlations favoring microbe-microbe interactions. Our study demonstrates that biocrusts represent a microbial hotspot on soil surfaces under agricultural use, which may have important implications for sustainable management of such soils in the future

Targeted AntiBiotics for Chronic pulmonary diseases (TARGET ABC):can targeted antibiotic therapy improve the prognosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, and asthma? A multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label trial

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is seen in chronic pulmonary disease and is associated with exacerbations and poor long-term prognosis. However, evidence-based guidelines for the management and treatment of P. aeruginosa infection in chronic, non-cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease are lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate whether targeted antibiotic treatment against P. aeruginosa can reduce exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-CF bronchiectasis, and asthma. METHODS: This study is an ongoing multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label trial. A total of 150 patients with COPD, non-CF bronchiectasis or asthma, and P. aeruginosa-positive lower respiratory tract samples will be randomly assigned with a 1:1 ratio to either no antibiotic treatment or anti-pseudomonal antibiotic treatment with intravenous beta-lactam and oral ciprofloxacin for 14 days. The primary outcome, analyzed with two co-primary endpoints, is (i) time to prednisolone and/or antibiotic requiring exacerbation or death, in the primary or secondary health sector, within days 20–365 from study allocation and (ii) days alive and without exacerbation within days 20–365 from the study allocation. DISCUSSION: This trial will determine whether targeted antibiotics can benefit future patients with chronic, non-CF pulmonary disease and P. aeruginosa infection in terms of reduced morbidity and mortality, thus optimizing therapeutic approaches in this large group of chronic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03262142. Registered on August 25, 2017. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06720-z

Identification of Genes and Proteins Necessary for Catabolism of Acyclic Terpenes and Leucine/Isovalerate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Geranyl-coenzyme A (CoA)-carboxylase (GCase; AtuC/AtuF) and methylcrotonyl-CoA-carboxylase (MCase; LiuB/LiuD) are characteristic enzymes of the catabolic pathway of acyclic terpenes (citronellol and geraniol) and of saturated methyl-branched compounds, such as leucine or isovalerate, respectively. Proteins encoded by two gene clusters (atuABCDEFGH and liuRABCDE) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were essential for acyclic terpene utilization (Atu) and for leucine and isovalerate utilization (Liu), respectively, as revealed by phenotype analysis of 10 insertion mutants, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, determination of GCase and MCase activities, and Western blot analysis of wild-type and mutant strains. Analysis of the genome sequences of other pseudomonads (P. putida KT2440 and P. fluorescens Pf-5) revealed candidate genes for Liu proteins for both species and candidate genes for Atu proteins in P. fluorescens. This result concurred with the finding that P. fluorescens, but not P. putida, could grow on acyclic terpenes (citronellol and citronellate), while both species were able to utilize leucine and isovalerate. A regulatory gene, atuR, was identified upstream of atuABCDEFGH and negatively regulated expression of the atu gene cluster

Components of Variance Underlying Fitness in a Natural Population of the Great Tit, 'Parus major'

Traits that are closely associated with fitness tend to have lower heritabilities (h²) values than those that are not. This has commonly been interpreted as evidence that natural selection tends to deplete genetic variation more rapidly for traits more closely associated with fitness (a corollary of Fisher’s Fundamental Theorem), but Price and Schluter (1991) suggested the pattern might be due to higher residual variance in traits more closely related to fitness. The relationship between eleven different traits for females, and eight traits for males and overall fitness (lifetime recruitment) was quantified for great tits ('Parus major') studied in their natural environment of Wytham Wood, England, using data collected over 38 years. Heritabilities and the coefficients of additive genetic and residual variance (CVA and CVR respectively) were estimated using an "animal model". In both males and females a trait’s correlation (r) with fitness was negatively related to its h2, but positively related to its CVR. CVA was not related to the traits correlation with fitness in either sex . This is the third study using directly measured fitness in a wild population in a natural environment to show the important role of residual variation in determining the pattern of lower heritabilities for traits more closely related to fitness, as predicted by Price & Schluter (1991)

Pleural infection: a retrospective study of clinical outcome and the correlation to known etiology, co-morbidity and treatment factors

Abstract Background We explored the hypothesized importance of early knowledge of microbiological etiology in patients with pleural infection, including comorbidity and treatment factors in the outcome analyses. Methods Data from the medical records of a large cohort of 437 consecutive patients in 9 hospitals in East-Denmark were included retrospectively. Results Microbiology, co-morbidity, therapy and outcome are described in detail. Patient groups with microbiology negative and known bacterial etiology had a similar 30-day and 90-day mortality. There were no differences in initial antibiotic treatment regimens, antibiotic treatment duration, rate of intra-pleural fibrinolysis treatment, surgical referral rate, and ICU admittance rate. Patients with microbiology negative etiology were younger (60.8 vs 64.3 years) and fewer had predisposing risk factors (59% vs 71%), but pleural drainage was more often delayed (49% vs 36%). Mortality was similar in patients treated with either of the two nationally recommended initial antibiotic regimens. However, higher 90-day mortality (22.5% vs 9.7%), disease severity (31.5% vs 6.2%), and ICU admittance rate (21.3% vs 2.9%) was observed in a sub-group with initial broad-spectrum treatment compared to patients receiving the nationally recommended initial treatments, irrespective of knowledge of etiology. Several factors correlated independently to 90-day mortality, including age, predisposing risk factors, surgical referral (Odds-Ratios > 1), drainage delay and intra-pleural fibrinolysis (ORs < 1). Conclusions No difference was found between patients with microbiology negative and known bacterial etiology regarding outcome or treatment parameters. Treatment factors and predisposing factors independently relating to mortality were found in the cohort. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were initially used for treatment of patients with more severe illness and poorer outcome

The ArfGEF GBF-1 Is Required for ER Structure, Secretion and Endocytic Transport in C. elegans

Small GTPases of the Sar/Arf family are essential to generate transport containers that mediate communication between organelles of the secretory pathway. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEFs) activate the small GTPases and help their anchorage in the membrane. Thus, GEFs in a way temporally and spatially control Sar1/Arf1 GTPase activation. We investigated the role of the ArfGEF GBF-1 in C. elegans oocytes and intestinal epithelial cells. GBF-1 localizes to the cis-Golgi and is part of the t-ER-Golgi elements. GBF-1 is required for secretion and Golgi integrity. In addition, gbf-1(RNAi) causes the ER reticular structure to become dispersed, without destroying ER exit sites (ERES) because the ERES protein SEC-16 was still localized in distinct punctae at t-ER-Golgi units. Moreover, GBF-1 plays a role in receptor-mediated endocytosis in oocytes, without affecting recycling pathways. We find that both the yolk receptor RME-2 and the recycling endosome-associated RAB-11 localize similarly in control and gbf-1(RNAi) oocytes. While RAB5-positive early endosomes appear to be less prominent and the RAB-5 levels are reduced by gbf-1(RNAi) in the intestine, RAB-7-positive late endosomes were more abundant and formed aggregates and tubular structures. Our data suggest a role for GBF-1 in ER structure and endosomal traffic