Dicotomías étnicas y filosóficas en la lucha por la descolonización

Los movimientos sociales e indígenas carecerán de fuerza transformadora, en tanto y en cuanto no desafíen el antropocentrismo y las dicotomías esenciales que sustentan el sistema de poder. Deben plantearse una verdadera deconstrucción y reconstrucción de la filosofía que hasta ahora ha permitido la colonización, recuperando las bases filosóficas originarias, en su calidad de diferentes-semejantes a la hegemónica, con su propia ciencia generadora de conocimiento y no de «saber local». La tradición cultural originaria es un modelo de vida alternativo al hegemónico, que podemos adoptar todos los que sintamos la exigencia de descolonizarnos, sin discriminaciones étnicas, y sin, por ello, generar dicotomías entre lo indígena y lo occidental. La condición para erradicar las hegemonías es asumir la diferencia-semejanza como el sustento de las relaciones con otros individuos, con otras culturas y con la totalidad de los seres naturales y cósmicos, y como expresión de un paradigma que no admite centrismos ni jerarquías de ninguna clase. Por tanto, rechaza las relaciones de dominación/subordinación y admite la convivencia en equilibrio, complementación, consenso y respeto a la identidad del otro, que de ninguna manera es nuestro antagónico.Les mouvements sociaux et indiens manqueront d’énergie transformatrice, tant qu’ils ne défieront pas l’anthropocentrisme et les dichotomies essentielles qui soutiennent le système de pouvoir. Il est nécessaire de mettre en place une véritable déconstruction et reconstruction de la philosophie qui jusqu’à maintenant a permit la colonisation, récupérant les fondements philosophiques originelles, dans leur qualité de différents-semblables à l’hégémonique, avec sa propre science génératrice de connaissance et non de « savoir local ». La tradition culturelle originelle est un modèle de vie alternatif à celui hégémonique, que tous ceux ressentant l’exigence de se décoloniser peuvent adopter, sans discriminations ethniques, et sans pour cela, générer de dichotomies entre ce qui est indien et ce qui est occidental. La condition pour l’éradication des hégémonies est d’assumer la différence-semblable comme un support des relations avec d’autres individus, avec d’autres cultures et avec la totalité des êtres naturels et cosmiques, et comme l’expression d’un paradigme qui n’admet pas de centrismes ni de hiérarchies d’aucune sorte. C’est pourquoi, il rejette les relations de domination/subordination et admet la cohabitation en équilibre, la complémentarité, l’accord et le respect de l’identité de l’autre, lequel d’aucune manière ne constitue notre opposé.Social movements and natives will lack transforming force, as long as they don’t challenge the anthropocentric view and the essential dichotomies that support the system in power.  They should propose themselves a true deconstruction and reconstruction of the philosophy that has up to now permitted colonization, recovering the native philosophical bases, in their quality of different-similar to the hegemonic vision, with their own knowledge generating science, and not that of « local knowledge».  The native cultural tradition is an alternative lifestyle to that other which is hegemonic, that  all who feel the demand to decolonize ourseleves can adopt, without ethnic discriminations, and without, because of it,  generate dichotomies between native  and  western.  The condition to eradicate the hegemonies is to assume the difference-resemblance as the basis for the relations with other individuals, other cultures and the totality of the cosmic and natural beings, and as expression of a paradigm that does not admit centrisms neither hierarchies of any class.  Therefore, it rejects the relations of domination/subordination and admits living  in equilibrium, complement action, consensus and respect to the identity of the other, whom by no means is antagonistic tous.

Estimating vegetation and litter biomass fractions in rangelands using structure-from-motion and LiDAR datasets from unmanned aerial vehicles

Collection: Advances and Applications of Unoccupied Aerial Systems (UAS) Research in Landscape Ecology[EN] Context The invasion of annual grasses in western U.S. rangelands promotes high litter accumulation throughout the landscape that perpetuates a grass-fire cycle threatening biodiversity. Objectives To provide novel evidence on the potential of fine spatial and structural resolution remote sensing data derived from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to separately estimate the biomass of vegetation and litter fractions in sagebrush ecosystems. Methods We calculated several plot-level metrics with ecological relevance and representative of the biomass fraction distribution by strata from UAV Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) datasets and regressed those predictors against vegetation, litter, and total biomass fractions harvested in the field. We also tested a hybrid approach in which we used digital terrain models (DTMs) computed from UAV LiDAR data to height-normalize SfM-derived point clouds (UAV SfM-LiDAR). Results The metrics derived from UAV LiDAR data had the highest predictive ability in terms of total (R2 = 0.74) and litter (R2 = 0.59) biomass, while those from the UAV SfM-LiDAR provided the highest predictive performance for vegetation biomass (R2 = 0.77 versus R2 = 0.72 for UAV LiDAR). In turn, SfM and SfM-LiDAR point clouds indicated a pronounced decrease in the estimation performance of litter and total biomass. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that high-density UAV LiDAR datasets are essential for consistently estimating all biomass fractions through more accurate characterization of (i) the vertical structure of the plant community beneath top-of-canopy surface and (ii) the terrain microtopography through thick and dense litter layers than achieved with SfM-derived productsSIThis study was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation in the framework of LANDSUSFIRE project (PID2022-139156OB-C21) within the National Program for the Promotion of Scientific-Technical Research (2021–2023), and with Next-Generation Funds of the European Union (EU) in the framework of the FIREMAP project (TED2021-130925B-I00); and by the Regional Government of Castile and León in the framework of the IA-FIREXTCyL project (LE081P23). Additional financial support was provided by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture (award 2019-68008-29914) and the US Department of Interior Grant No. L21AC10378-0

Integrated management of yellow aphid (Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench in Guerrero, Mexico

Sorghum is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is an important cereal for Mexico. However, it is affected by different pests, especially the yellow aphid. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of biological, botanical and chemical insecticides in reducing Melanaphis sacchari populations in sorghum plants under greenhouse conditions. Planting was conducted in a greenhouse, using the sorghum hybrid 945-M. Pests, diseases and weeds management were implemented. The incidence of the yellow aphid was induced artificially. A total of 13 treatments were applied. The following variables were assessed: the number of aphids per leaf, the biological effectiveness of the treatments, plant height, diameter of the plant stem, number of leaves, and the weight of fresh and dry plants. An analysis of variance was conducted for each variable under study, as along with a comparison of means using the Tukey method (α=0.05) and correlation analysis using the SAS® 9.4 software. The chemical, biological and organic insecticide that exhibited the greatest control of the yellow aphid (more than 95%) were: Toretto® (sulfoxaflor), PHC® Meta Tron® (M. anisopliae), Bio-Die® (Argemonin, Berberine, Ricinin and a-Terthienyl). Adequate management strategies are needed to avoid health problems in people, environmental contamination and resistance or multiple resistance

Control of Macrophomina pseudophaseolina Crous, Sarr & Ndiaye with Trichoderma spp. and botanical and chemical pesticides

Chili is the most important traditionally consumed vegetable in Mexico; however, production is reduced by soil fungi. The objective of the research was to evaluate in in vitro, greenhouse and field conditions, the effectiveness of biological, botanical and chemical pesticides for the control of Macrophomina pseudophaseolina. In vitro, greenhouse and field experiments were carried out to evaluate the control effect of different pesticides for the control of M. pseudophaseolina. It was determined that all the evaluated strains of Trichoderma spp. They had a fungistatic effect against M. pseudophaseolina, and T. reesei showed the greatest antagonism and antibiosis against M. pseudophaseolina. High, medium and low doses of NeemAcar® and high and medium doses of Regalia® Maxx inhibited 100% the growth of M. pseudophaseolina mycelium. In the greenhouse, the lowest percentage of severity was obtained in the treatment with Regalia® Maxx + T. reesei. In the field, the lowest severity was determined with the application of NeemAcar® CE + Headline®. The preventive or curative application of biological, botanical and chemical pesticides did not influence the severity of the disease.Objective: The objective of the research was to evaluate in in vitro, greenhouse and field conditions, the effectiveness of biological, botanical and chemical pesticides for the control of Macrophomina pseudophaseolina. Design/methodology/approach: In vitro, greenhouse and field experiments were carried out to evaluate the control effect of different pesticides for the control of M. pseudophaseolina. Results: It was determined that all the evaluated strains of Trichoderma spp. they had a fungistatic effect against M. pseudophaseolina, and T. reesei showed the greatest antagonism and antibiosis against M. pseudophaseolina. High, medium and low doses of NeemAcar® and high and medium doses of Regalia® Maxx inhibited 100% the growth of M. pseudophaseolina mycelium. In the greenhouse, the lowest percentage of severity was obtained in the treatment with Regalia® Maxx + T. reesei. In the field, the lowest severity was determined with the application of NeemAcar® CE + Headline®. Limitations on study/implications: Our results are essential for the management of this disease by producers. Findings/conclusions: The implementation of the use of Trichoderma spp., botanical pesticides and chemical insecticides is recommended for the control of M. pseudophaseolina,

Inland Pacific Northwest pasture calendar

The Inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) region, historically referred to as the 'Inland Empire', extends from the Cascade Mountains in the west to former Glacial Lake Missoula in the Rockies in the east and from the Canadian border in the north past the Snake River Canyon in the south. The greatest agricultural enterprises are hay (from various forage species), irrigated and non-irrigated grassland pastures, rangelands, and livestock production. It is also home to numerous wildlife species and flyways for migrating birds. The Inland PNW Pasture Calendar is designed to be a comprehensive guide for improved grassland management in support of forage-livestock systems. Applying the principles described will lead to improved regional economic, ecological, and social sustainability. This publication describes the opportunities and challenges of sustainably raising harvested and grazed forages and developing forage-livestock systems in this incredibly diverse environment. Appendix Chapters provide key information on grass / legume / forb species, how pasture species grow and regrow, soil nutrient management and organic matter, grazing philosophies and systems, matching grazing needs for pasture production, and forage-related animal health issues. Learning these key principles and following best management practices described will lead to improved sustainability of forage-livestock systems

Chemical Management of Helianthus annuus L. as a Broadleaf Weed in Interaction with the Zea mays L. Crop

Objective: To evaluate the biological effectiveness of progressive doses of the herbicide Condraz® (tritosulfuron + dicamba) in post-emergence in dicotyledonous plants grown in consortium with corn in a greenhouse. Design/methodology/approach: The research was performed out in a greenhouse within the facilities of the Colegio Superior Agropecuario del Estado de Guerrero. Dekalb 357® corn was established, planted in a consortium with sunflower, to measure the response to different dosages of the herbicide Condraz® (tritosulfuron + dicamba). We worked with a completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA). Results: The treatments were 100% effective, because they eliminated the sunflower plants used as a representative of dicotyledonous weeds; while, in treatment T1 (water) the number of these was not affected, which was 10 sunflower plants per pot in the two experiments. Limitations on study/implications: Our results are specific for the management of dicotyledonous weeds in corn. Findings/conclusions: Condraz® herbicide is effective in eliminating dicotyledonous weeds when applied in doses ranging from 100 to 190 g per ha

Calcium Ions Promote Formation of Amyloid β-Peptide (1–40) Oligomers Causally Implicated in Neuronal Toxicity of Alzheimer's Disease

Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is directly linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In its monomeric form, Aβ aggregates to produce fibrils and a range of oligomers, the latter being the most neurotoxic. Dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in aging brains and in neurodegenerative disorders plays a crucial role in numerous processes and contributes to cell dysfunction and death. Here we postulated that calcium may enable or accelerate the aggregation of Aβ. We compared the aggregation pattern of Aβ(1–40) and that of Aβ(1–40)E22G, an amyloid peptide carrying the Arctic mutation that causes early onset of the disease. We found that in the presence of Ca2+, Aβ(1–40) preferentially formed oligomers similar to those formed by Aβ(1–40)E22G with or without added Ca2+, whereas in the absence of added Ca2+ the Aβ(1–40) aggregated to form fibrils. Morphological similarities of the oligomers were confirmed by contact mode atomic force microscopy imaging. The distribution of oligomeric and fibrillar species in different samples was detected by gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, the results of which were further supported by thioflavin T fluorescence experiments. In the samples without Ca2+, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed conversion of oligomers from an anti-parallel β-sheet to the parallel β-sheet conformation characteristic of fibrils. Overall, these results led us to conclude that calcium ions stimulate the formation of oligomers of Aβ(1–40), that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD

Factors affecting the permanence of livestock projects undertaken by Heifer International-Mexico

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-105).Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.Heifer International-Mexico (HI-M), a hunger-relieving non-profit organization, collaborates with the Direccin̤ General de Educacin̤ Tecnolg̤ica Agropecuaria-Durango (DGETA) to establish livestock projects involving resource-poor families in the state of Durango, Mexico. This study identified and analyzed the factors affecting the permanence of hog and dairy cow projects in four communities in the state of Durango, Mexico. The researcher interviewed seven project managers and 35 beneficiaries to identify the factors affecting the permanence of livestock projects. From their responses, the researcher developed a list of 22 factors that promoted the permanence of the livestock projects. Key points included personal interaction between beneficiaries in the group(s) and project manager(s), knowledge and skills obtained from workshops, and household economics. The researcher developed a separate list of 20 factors that inhibited the permanence of the livestock projects. Key points included difficulties in livestock production and poor personal interaction and communication between beneficiaries and project managers. Two diagrams illustrate the commonalities and differences advocated by the two groups for both lists. Beneficiaries and project managers shared eight of the 14 factors advocated to promote the permanence of livestock projects. Beneficiaries had four factors unique to their group and the project managers had two factors unique to their group. Beneficiaries and project managers shared seven of the 13 factors advocated to inhibit the permanence of livestock projects. Four factors were unique to beneficiaries while two factors were unique to project managers. The researcher used a force field analysis based concept labeled the "line of permanence," to illustrate the factors affecting the permanence of HI-M's livestock projects in the communities. Community A was the only location where the interviewees identified more factors inhibiting the permanence of a livestock project. Community A was also the only community that no longer had animals HI-M donated to the community. In contrast to Community A, project managers and beneficiaries in Communities A, B, and C each identified more factors that promoted the permanence of the livestock projects. The author made recommendations based on the findings of the study for HI-M and DGETA to improve the manner by which they undertake livestock projects

Animaltracker: Streamlining Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Visualization of High Sampling Rate Animal Data

As GPS technology continues to advance, spatio-temporal data is collected by such devices at an increasingly higher sampling rate. This data can provide valuable insights on animal behavior patterns. However, processing hundreds of thousands of observations manually harbors potential for inefficiency. Furthermore, in-depth statistical analysis and visualization of the data would often require the use of additional tools. For the task of streamlining the processing, analysis, and visualization pipeline for cattle GPS collar data, we develop the animaltracker package in the statistical programming language R. With R Shiny, we construct a three-panel web application as the core feature of the package. The first panel allows for user-driven customization of data processing through filtering, elevation augmentation, and exporting. On the second panel, we visualize elevation time series and sampling rate by animal among others. On the final panel, we calculate statistical summaries for user-selected variables. More advanced visualization and analysis is possible through R functions included in the package, while data validation and outlier detection is also possible through a second Shiny application. By compiling these utilities in a framework designed for high-volume data such as the R environment, we provide a convenient platform that maximizes the efficiency of the pipeline

Dicotomías étnicas y filosóficas en la lucha por la descolonización

Social movements and natives will lack transforming force, as long as they don't challenge the anthropocentric view and the essential dichotomies that support the system in power. They should propose themselves a true deconstruction and reconstruction of the philosophy that has up to now permitted colonization, recovering the native philosophical bases, in their quality of different-similar to the hegemonic vision, with their own knowledge generating science, and not that of « local knowledge». The native cultural tradition is an alternative lifestyle to that other which is hegemonic, that all who feel the demand to decolonize ourseleves can adopt, without ethnic discriminations, and without, because of it, generate dichotomies between native and western. The condition to eradicate the hegemonies is to assume the difference-resemblance as the basis for the relations with other individuals, other cultures and the totality of the cosmic and natural beings, and as expression of a paradigm that does not admit centrisms neither hierarchies of any class. Therefore, it rejects the relations of domination/subordination and admits living in equilibrium, complement action, consensus and respect to the identity of the other, whom by no means is antagonistic tous.Los movimientos sociales e indígenas carecerán de fuerza transformadora, en tanto y en cuanto no desafíen el antropocentrismo y las dicotomías esenciales que sustentan el sistema de poder. Deben plantearse una verdadera deconstrucción y reconstrucción de la filosofía que hasta ahora ha permitido la colonización, recuperando las bases filosóficas originarias, en su calidad de diferentes-semejantes a la hegemónica, con su propia ciencia generadora de conocimiento y no de «saber local». La tradición cultural originaria es un modelo de vida alternativo al hegemónico, que podemos adoptar todos los que sintamos la exigencia de descolonizarnos, sin discriminaciones étnicas, y sin, por ello, generar dicotomías entre lo indígena y lo occidental. La condición para erradicar las hegemonías es asumir la diferencia-semejanza como el sustento de las relaciones con otros individuos, con otras culturas y con la totalidad de los seres naturales y cósmicos, y como expresión de un paradigma que no admite centrismos ni jerarquías de ninguna clase. Por tanto, rechaza las relaciones de dominación/subordinación y admite la convivencia en equilibrio, complementación, consenso y respeto a la identidad del otro, que de ninguna manera es nuestro antagónic