Reporte: Indicadores de producción y colaboración de Venezuela en revistas de acceso abierto redalyc.org 2005-2013

Título del libro Reporte: Indicadores de producción y colaboración de Venezuela en revistas de acceso abierto redalyc.org 2005-2013, cuyo autor es Aguado-López, Eduardo; Becerril-García, Arianna; González-Morales, Liliana con fecha de publicación del año 2015 y con apoyo de edición de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Semantic Approach for Discovery and Visualization of Academic Information Structured with OAI-PMH

There are different channels to communicate the results of a scientific research; however, several research communities state that the Open Access (OA) is the future of acad emic publishing. These Open Ac cess Platforms have adopted OAI - PMH (Open Archives Initiative - the Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) as a standard for communication and interoperability. Nevertheless, it is significant to highlight that the open source know ledge discovery services based on an index of OA have not been developed. Therefore, it is necessary to address Knowledge Discovery (KD) within these platforms aiming at studen ts, teachers and/ or researchers , to recover both , the resources requested and th e resources that are not explicitly requested – which are also appropriate . This objective represents an important issue fo r structured resources under OAI - PMH. This fact is caused because interoperability with other developments carried out outside their implementation environment is generally not a priority (Level 1 "Shared term definitions"). It is here , where the Semantic Web (SW) beco mes a cornerstone of this work. Consequently, we propose OntoOAIV, a semantic approach for the selective knowledge disco very an d visu alization into structured information with OAI - PMH, focused on supporting the activities of scientific or academic research for a specific user. Because of the academic nature of the structured resources with OAI - PMH, the field of application chosen is the context information of a student. Finally, in order to validate the proposed approach, we use the RUDAR (Roskilde University Digital Archive) and REDALYC (Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal) repositor ies, which imple ment the OAI - PMH protocol , as well as one s tudent profile for carrying out KD

Obesity and Metabolic Traits after High-Fat Diet in Iberian Pigs with Low Birth Weight of Placental Origin

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and later obesity and metabolic disorders have classically been associated with maternal malnutrition, but most cases of IUGR are related to placental insufficiency. The current study, using a swine model for IUGR and obesity, aimed to determine the interaction of birth weight (categorized as low birth weight [LBW] or normal birth-weight [NBW]) and postnatal diet (categorized as maintenance diet [MD] or fattening diet [FD]) on body weight, adiposity and metabolic traits. FD induced higher body weight and adiposity (both p < 0.0001), with higher fructosamine levels (p < 0.005) and a trend toward higher HOMA-β index (p = 0.05). NBW pigs remained heavier than LBW pigs during the early juvenile period (p < 0.005), but there were no differences at later stages. There were no differences in metabolic traits during juvenile development, but there were differences in adulthood, when LBW pigs showed higher glucose and lower insulin levels than NBW pigs (both p < 0.05). These results suggest that (a) FD allows LBW offspring to achieve similar obesity in adulthood as NBW offspring, and (b) glucose metabolism is more compromised in obese LBW than obese NBW pigs. The comparison of our data with previous studies highlights significant differences between offspring with LBW induced by maternal malnutrition or placental insufficiency, which should be considered when studying the condition

What Does Soil-Transmitted Helminth Elimination Look Like? Results From a Targeted Molecular Detection Survey in Japan

Background: Japan is one of the few countries believed to have eliminated soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). In 1949, the national prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 62.9%, which decreased to 0.6% in 1973 due to improvements in infrastructure, socioeconomic status, and the implementation of national STH control measures. The Parasitosis Prevention Law ended in 1994 and population-level screening ceased in Japan; therefore, current transmission status of STH in Japan is not well characterized. Sporadic cases of STH infections continue to be reported, raising the possibility of a larger-scale recrudescence of STH infections. Given that traditional microscopic detection methods are not sensitive to low-intensity STH infections, we conducted targeted prevalence surveys using sensitive PCR-based assays to evaluate the current STH-transmission status and to describe epidemiological characteristics of areas of Japan believed to have achieved historical elimination of STHs. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 682 preschool- and school-aged children from six localities of Japan with previously high prevalence of STH. Caregivers of participants completed a questionnaire to ascertain access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and potential exposures to environmental contamination. For fecal testing, multi-parallel real-time PCR assays were used to detect infections of Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale and Trichuris trichiura. Results: Among the 682 children, no positive samples were identified, and participants reported high standards of WASH. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first STH-surveillance study in Japan to use sensitive molecular techniques for STH detection. The results suggest that recrudescence of STH infections has not occurred, and that declines in prevalence have been sustained in the sampled areas. These findings suggest that reductions in prevalence below the elimination thresholds, suggestive of transmission interruption, are possible. Additionally, this study provides circumstantial evidence that multi-parallel real-time PCR methods are applicable for evaluating elimination status in areas where STH prevalence is extremely low.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

Incorporando un plan de Vida Saludable en la Terapia Familiar Conductual: Ejemplificando un Caso Clínico de una Mujer con historial de Violencia Doméstica, Negligencia Infantil, Abuso de Drogas y Obesidad

Women reported to child protective service agencies frequently report problems that significantly interfere with the health and well-being of their children and themselves. Behavioral treatment programs appear to be effective in managing these co-existing problems, such as domestic violence and substance abuse. However, evidence-supported interventions are rarely exemplified in complicated clinical cases, especially within child welfare settings. Therefore, in this case example, we describe the process of adapting an evidence-supported treatment to assist in managing significant co-existing health-related problems in a mother who was referred due to child neglect and drug abuse. At the conclusion of therapy, the participant reported improvements in perceived family relationships, illicit drug use, child maltreatment potential, whereas other health-related outcomes were mixed. Most improvements were maintained at 4-month follow-up. Issues relevant to implementing evidence-based treatments within community contexts are discussed, including methods of increasing the likelihood of valid outcome assessment, managing treatment integrity, and adjusting standardized treatments to accommodate co-occurring problems. This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (1R01DA020548-01A1) awarded to Brad Donohue. The authors wish to thank Sally K. Miller, PhD, APN, FAANP and Associate Professor, UNLV School of Nursing for her work in completing the initial in-home health evaluation/physical for the current project.Las mujeres reportadas a las agencias de servicios de protección infantil, con frecuencia presentan problemas que interfieren con la salud y el bienestar de ellas y de sus hijos. Los programas de intervención conductual parecen ser eficaces en el manejo de problemas coexistentes como: la violencia doméstica y el abuso de drogas. Sin embargo, los tratamientos cuya eficacia ya ha sido demostrada en ocasiones anteriores, rara vez se han puesto en práctica en casos clínicos complicados, sobre todo en los centros de asistencia a menores. Por lo tanto, en este caso clínico, se describe el proceso de adaptación de un tratamiento eficaz para ayudar a controlar los problemas coexistentes de salud de una mujer acusada de negligencia infantil y abuso de drogas. Al finalizar el tratamiento, la participante informó sobre la mejoría en sus relaciones familiares, sobre su consumo de drogas y la negligencia infantil; aunque otros resultados relacionados con su salud no quedaron completamente claros. Gran parte de las mejorías se mantuvieron hasta 4 meses  después de haber concluido el tratamiento. Antes de implementar cada fase del tratamiento, discutimos los  contextos de la comunidad, aumentando así la probabilidad de obtener resultados positivos y respetando la integridad y el ajuste del tratamiento estándar para evitar que se presenten problemas en un futuro.Esta investigación se financió gracias a una subvención del Instituto Nacional de Drogodependencia (1R01DA020548-01A1) otorgada a Brad Donohue. Los autores desean agradecer a Sally K. Miller, PhD, APN, FAANP y Profesora Asociada de la Escuela de Enfermería de La Universidad de Nevada Las Vegas, por el examen físico inicial que se llevó a cabo en el domicilio de la participante de este proyecto

Informe sobre la producción científica de Costa Rica en revistas iberoamericanas de acceso abierto en redalyc.org, 2005-2011

Objetivo: Proporcionar información sobre el Perfil de Producción Científica de Costa Rica en revistas del acervo redalyc.org para el periodo 2005-2011, a fin de conocer cuáles son tanto las tendencias como el comportamiento de las estrategias de comunicación y de colaboración que registran los artículos producidos por los investigadores nacionales.Método: Se estudia la producción científica de 800 revistas iberoamericanas de acceso abierto durante 2005-2011, a partir de un modelo de análisis centrado en entidades de producción y comunicación, las cuales permiten generar un Perfil de Producción Científica según los indicadores de: Producción (P), Producción en Colaboración (PC) y Colaboración (C), aplicados a un núcleo de 145,515 artículos científicos que forman parte del acervo redalyc.org.Resultados: La producción de Costa Rica asciende a 2,201 artículos que corresponden a una aportación de 1.5% sobre el total analizado, de los cuales 16% fueron publicados en revistas del extranjero, Cabe destacar que poco más de la mitad de la Producción corresponde al área de ciencias sociales (53.5%), seguida de ciencias con 41.6%, así como de las artes y humanidades y del área multidisciplinaria con 4.7 y 0.2 por ciento respectivamente. En dicho contexto, las instituciones costarricenses con mayor aporte a la producción científica son la Universidad de Costa Rica, la Universidad Nacional y la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social; mientras que 46.8% de los trabajos firmados por autores nacionales se han realizado en colaboración, principalmente interna de tipo institucional (58.7%), y donde la participación de autores extranjeros se vincula prioritariamente con Estados Unidos, México, España y Colombia, que en conjunto representan 62.3% de la producción de Costa Rica en colaboración con otros países

siRNA screen identifies QPCT as a druggable target for Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a currently incurable neurodegenerative condition caused by an abnormally expanded polyglutamine tract in huntingtin (HTT). We identified new modifiers of mutant HTT toxicity by performing a large-scale 'druggable genome' siRNA screen in human cultured cells, followed by hit validation in Drosophila. We focused on glutaminyl cyclase (QPCT), which had one of the strongest effects on mutant HTT-induced toxicity and aggregation in the cell-based siRNA screen and also rescued these phenotypes in Drosophila. We found that QPCT inhibition induced the levels of the molecular chaperone αB-crystallin and reduced the aggregation of diverse proteins. We generated new QPCT inhibitors using in silico methods followed by in vitro screening, which rescued the HD-related phenotypes in cell, Drosophila and zebrafish HD models. Our data reveal a new HD druggable target affecting mutant HTT aggregation and provide proof of principle for a discovery pipeline from druggable genome screen to drug development

Social connections predict brain structure in a multidimensional free-ranging primate society

Reproduction and survival in most primate species reflects management of both competitive and cooperative relationships. Here, we investigated the links between neuroanatomy and sociality in free-ranging rhesus macaques. In adults, the number of social partners predicted the volume of the mid–superior temporal sulcus and ventral-dysgranular insula, implicated in social decision-making and empathy, respectively. We found no link between brain structure and other key social variables such as social status or indirect connectedness in adults, nor between maternal social networks or status and dependent infant brain structure. Our findings demonstrate that the size of specific brain structures varies with the number of direct affiliative social connections and suggest that this relationship may arise during development. These results reinforce proposed links between social network size, biological success, and the expansion of specific brain circuits

What does soil-transmitted helminth elimination look like? Results from a targeted molecular detection survey in Japan

Background: Japan is one of the few countries believed to have eliminated soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). In 1949, the national prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 62.9%, which decreased to 0.6% in 1973 due to improvements in infrastructure, socioeconomic status, and the implementation of national STH control measures. The Parasitosis Prevention Law ended in 1994 and population-level screening ceased in Japan; therefore, current transmission status of STH in Japan is not well characterized. Sporadic cases of STH infections continue to be reported, raising the possibility of a larger-scale recrudescence of STH infections. Given that traditional microscopic detection methods are not sensitive to low-intensity STH infections, we conducted targeted prevalence surveys using sensitive PCR-based assays to evaluate the current STH-transmission status and to describe epidemiological characteristics of areas of Japan believed to have achieved historical elimination of STHs. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 682 preschool- and school-aged children from six localities of Japan with previously high prevalence of STH. Caregivers of participants completed a questionnaire to ascertain access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and potential exposures to environmental contamination. For fecal testing, multi-parallel real-time PCR assays were used to detect infections of Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale and Trichuris trichiura. Results: Among the 682 children, no positive samples were identified, and participants reported high standards of WASH. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first STH-surveillance study in Japan to use sensitive molecular techniques for STH detection. The results suggest that recrudescence of STH infections has not occurred, and that declines in prevalence have been sustained in the sampled areas. These findings suggest that reductions in prevalence below the elimination thresholds, suggestive of transmission interruption, are possible. Additionally, this study provides circumstantial evidence that multi-parallel real-time PCR methods are applicable for evaluating elimination status in areas where STH prevalence is extremely low.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London