Negotiated environmental governance in the Netherlands:Logic and illustration

The Dutch consensus oriented model of negotiated environmental governance enjoys increasing popularity within the European Union because of its seemingly effective way of dealing with environmental problems. A closer look at the model does not reveal any better performance than European average. The article theoretically explains the strengths and weaknesses of the Dutch model as an iterative policy model in which three different modes of governance-competitive, cooperative, and authoritative-interact and compete to achieve effective efficient and legitimate policy results. The argument is empirically illustrated with findings of energy saving policies in the Netherlands.</p

Introduction:The governance challenge of radioactive waste management

Long-term radioactive waste management (RWM) is a multidimensional and multi-level governance challenge. This chapter introduces and explains a governance ecosystem framework as tool to comparatively analyze how ten European countries covered by the book, deal with the complexities of the governance challenge of RWM

Indonesian natural gas policy reform

Abstract: This paper investigates the challenge to improve Indonesia’s domestic gas market and the remedy to alleviate the problems. Gifted with abundant natural resources, primary oil, and natural gas, Indonesia became a leading world liquid natural gas (LNG) producer. However, since 2001 there has been a shifting paradigm in gas policy from export – oriented to domestic market development. The implication is that Indonesia needs to find the balance between producer and consumer interests and at the same time has to deal with the geographical challenge of the country’s archipelago. The new paradigm also requires that natural resources should promote economic growth instead of state revenue, therefore Indonesia must reform its gas policy to fulfil the multi objective of gas utilisation. This paper suggests ways to overcome these dilemmas

Economic implications of domestic natural gas allocation in Indonesia

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to provide to a better scientific understanding of Indonesia’s domestic gas allocation policy and its effects on the national economy and to answer the question of what best priorities can be set in allocating the natural gas for the domestic market to maximize the benefits for the national economy. Design/methodology/approach: The authors apply a Computabled General Equilibrium (CGE). The Social Accounting Matrix 2008 is used to calibrate the CGE Model. There are two scenarios proposed, each is simulated with certain percentage of gas supply curtailment (50 MMSCFD, Scenario A), (100 MMSCFD, Scenario B). Findings: It is confirmed that government’s current policy to give priority to oil production is not the optimum way to maximize added value of natural gas to Indonesian economy. While oil production generates state revenue, it is industry and petrochemical sector that induces high economic impacts because of strong backward and forward linkages. Research limitations/implications: Due to the limited data availability, it is assumed that the data on the SAM 2008 are valid for describing the structure of Indonesian economy. Practical implications: The paper provides recommendation to the government to revise gas allocation policy by changing the rank of consumers’ priority. Originality/value: This paper provides instruments to measure the impact of Indonesia’s domestic gas allocation policy. Finding the best hierarchy of consumer priorities is essential for maximizing added value of natural gas for the national economy.</p

The economic implications of natural gas infrastructure investment

Since 2001, the Indonesian government has issued natural gas master plans annually holding the planned gas infrastructure developments in order to motivate private parties who are not motivated due to the lack of the gas infrastructure increase. Since 2002, there were only three segments of gas pipelines that have been tendered (IEA, 2008) which are Gresik-Semarang and Bontang-Semarang (Kalimantan to Java Pipeline) in 2005, and Cirebon-Semarang in 2006 that have no supply anymore. The current transmission and distribution lines of 3,762.32 km and 4,554.54 km, respectively, are very small compared to developed countries in a similar gas resource position as Indonesia. The paper views the role of natural gas infrastructure for economic growth and energy security in Indonesia. The economic impacts of natural gas infrastructure are analyzed through the Computable General Equilibrium model. The results show that all financing scenarios have positive impacts on the various macro-economic indicators as well as on sectorial output and employment