La posibilidad de estrategar socioculturalmente. Una propuesta para articular el fenómeno de la reclusión social

¿Desde qué lugar se observa y se interviene respecto del fenómeno de la reclusión social? En este trabajo se muestra un breve contexto de la reclusión de la población femenina en México, mismo que da paso al análisis de la Colectiva Editorial Hermanas en la Sombra. Esta organización trabaja con mujeres que han sido privadas de su libertad y que, al elegir su actuar desde el feminismo, pone sus esfuerzos en recuperar al ser humano, a través de la creación literaria. Así pues, se trata solo de un botón de muestra de lo que puede problematizar la Nueva Teoría Estratégica (NTE), pero también se vislumbran sus posibles aportes. Estrategia y estrategias que abonen a atender una problemática social en la que los prejuicios y las políticas públicas, así como la configuración histórica de un establecimiento como la prisión, no están diseñadas para la articulación, el encuentro, la comunicación. Se sugiere que intervenir a partir de los cambios en la mirada que propone la NTE podría contribuir también a cambiar percepciones, acciones y actitudes que alcancen a dar otro tipo de respuesta a algo que, de lo contrario, solo acentúa diferencias irreconciliables, perpetuando así la fragmentación del sujeto individual y colectivo

The possibility of strategizing socioculturally. A proposal to articulate the phenomenom of social confinement.

¿Desde qué lugar se observa y se interviene respecto del fenómeno de la reclusión social? En este trabajo se muestra un breve contexto de la reclusión de la población femenina en México, mismo que da paso al análisis de la Colectiva Editorial Hermanas en la Sombra. Esta organización trabaja con mujeres que han sido privadas de su libertad y que, al elegir su actuar desde el feminismo, pone sus esfuerzos en recuperar al ser humano, a través de la creación literaria. Así pues, se trata solo de un botón de muestra de lo que puede problematizar la Nueva Teoría Estratégica (NTE), pero también se vislumbran sus posibles aportes. Estrategia y estrategias que abonen a atender una problemática social en la que los prejuicios y las políticas públicas, así como la configuración histórica de un establecimiento como la prisión, no están diseñadas para la articulación, el encuentro, la comunicación. Se sugiere que intervenir a partir de los cambios en la mirada que propone la NTE podría contribuir también a cambiar percepciones, acciones y actitudes que alcancen a dar otro tipo de respuesta a algo que, de lo contrario, solo acentúa diferencias irreconciliables, perpetuando así la fragmentación del sujeto individual y colectivo.From which place does one observe and take part in relation to the phenomenon of social confinement? This paper shows a brief outlook of female population confinement in Mexico and follows the analysis of Colectiva Editorial Hermanas en la Sombra. This organization works with women that have been deprived of their liberty and, with a feminist perspective, makes an effort to recover their condition of human beings through creative writing. So, this is just a sample button which can problematize the New Strategic Theory (NST), but their possible contributions are also foreseen. Strategy and strategies that contribute to address a social problem in which prejudice and public policies, as well as the historical setting of an establishment like prison, are not designed for the joint meeting, communication. This paper suggests that taking part in the changes of the way of looking that the NST proposes could help as well to change perceptions, actions and attitudes in order to give another answers to a problem that just emphasizes differences and perpetuates the individual and collective subject fragmentation

Usefulness of Probiotics in the Management of NAFLD: Evidence and Involved Mechanisms of Action from Preclinical and Human Models

The present review aims at analyzing the current evidence regarding probiotic administration for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) management. Additionally, the involved mechanisms of action modulated by probiotic administration, as well as the eventual limitations of this therapeutic approach and potential alternatives, are discussed. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the administration of single-strain probiotics and probiotic mixtures effectively prevents diet-induced NAFLD. In both cases, the magnitude of the described effects, as well as the involved mechanisms of action, are comparable, including reduced liver lipid accumulation (due to lipogenesis downregulation and fatty acid oxidation upregulation), recovery of gut microbiota composition and enhanced intestinal integrity. Similar results have also been reported in clinical trials, where the administration of probiotics proved to be effective in the treatment of NAFLD in patients featuring this liver condition. In this case, information regarding the mechanisms of action underlying probiotics-mediated hepatoprotective effects is scarcer (mainly due to the difficulty of liver sample collection). Since probiotics administration represents an increased risk of infection in vulnerable subjects, much attention has been paid to parabiotics and postbiotics, which seem to be effective in the management of several metabolic diseases, and thus represent a suitable alternative to probiotic usage.This research was funded by CIBEROBN under Grant CB12/03/30007 and the Community of Madrid under Grant Y2020/BIO-6600

Las acciones de marketing interno y el compromiso organizacional en hoteles de cuatro y cinco estrellas

Esta investigación parte de la teoría del marketing interno y sus efectos en el desarrollo organizacional, con una perspectiva en el desempeño de los miembros de la organización (clientes internos), identificando las acciones que contribuyen a fortalecer su compromiso organizacional. Así como analizando que acciones son las que influyen directamente en la calidad de la prestación de los servicios que presta cada empresa hotelera hacia sus clientes externos. Presenta un análisis inicial de la relación que existe entre las acciones de marketing interno y el compromiso organizacional de los clientes internos que laboran en hoteles de cuatro y cinco estrellas. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo, se creó un instrumento cuantitativo denominado cuestionario Internal marketing-commitment, compuesto por 40 ítems que evalúan el nivel de compromiso organizacional que tienen los clientes internos, así como su percepción acerca de las acciones de marketing interno en la empresa; a través de las cuales se busca medir cómo las acciones de marketing interno contribuyen a fortalecer el compromiso organizacional en los hoteles. Los resultados de la aplicación del instrumento muestran que existe una correlación positiva entre ambas variables, lo que indica que a una mayor percepción de acciones de marketing interno, mayor es el nivel de compromiso organizacional que presentan los clientes internos.Esta pesquisa se baseia na teoria do marketing interno e seus efeitos no desenvolvimento organizacional. Com uma perspectiva sobre o desempenho dos membros da organização (clientes internos), identifica as ações que contribuem para fortalecer seu comprometimento organizacional, além de analisar quais ações influenciam diretamente na qualidade da prestação dos serviços que cada empresa hoteleira oferece aos seus clientes externos. Apresenta uma análise inicial da relação entre as ações de marketing interno e o comprometimento organizacional dos clientes internos que atuam em hotéis de quatro e cinco estrelas. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi criado um instrumento quantitativo chamado questionário Internal marketing-commitment, composto por 40 itens que avaliam o nível de comprometimento organizacional dos clientes internos, bem como sua percepção das ações internas de marketing da empresa, por meio do qual se busca medir como as ações de marketing interno contribuem para o fortalecimento do comprometimento organizacional nos hotéis. Os resultados da aplicação do instrumento mostram que existe uma correlação positiva entre as duas variáveis, o que indica que quanto maior a percepção das ações de marketing interno, maior o nível de comprometimento organizacional que os clientes internos apresentam.This research is support on the theory of internal marketing and its effects on organizational development. With a perspective on the performance of the members of the organization (internal clients), identifying the actions that contribute to strengthen their organizational commitment. As well as analyzing wich actions are those that directly influence the quality of the provision of the services that each hotel company provides to its external clients. Presenting an inicial analysis of the relationship between internal marketing actions and the organizacional commitment of internal customers working in four and five stars hotels. To achieve this objective, a quantitative instrument called Internal questionnaire marketing-commitment was designed. It consist of 40 items that assess the level of organizational commitment with internal customers have, as well as their perception on the company´s internal marketing actions , through which it sought to measure how the actions of internal marketing contribute to strengthening organizational commitment in hotels. The results of the application of the instrument show that there is a positive correlation between the two variables, indicating that the greater the perception of internal marketing activities, the greater the level of organizational commitment of internal customers

Beneficial Effects of Viable and Heat-Inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Administration on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Diet-Induced NAFLD in Rats

Oxidative stress and inflammation are well-known triggers of NAFLD onset and progression. The aim of this study is to compare the potential benefits of a viable probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) and its parabiotic (heat-inactivated) on oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and cell death pathways in the liver of rats featuring diet-induced NAFLD. The consumption of the steatotic diet led to increased final body and liver weights, higher hepatic triacylglycerol content, altered serum transaminase levels and enhanced oxidative and inflammatory status. Administration of the probiotic and the parabiotic partially prevented the body weight increase induced by the steatotic diet, whereas the probiotic caused more effective decreasing hepatic triglyceride content. Sharp but nonstatistically significant decreases in serum transaminase levels were also observed for both treatments. The reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities found in the nontreated animals fed the steatotic diet was partially prevented by both treatments (GPx activity). Similarly, the reductions in nonenzymatic antioxidant protection (GSH content) and total antioxidant capacity (ORAC) found in the nontreated rats were restored by the administration of both treatments. These results show that both viable and heat-inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG administration partially prevent steatotic diet-induced liver oxidative stress and inflammation induced in rats.This study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERobn) under Grant CB12/03/30007, The Basque Government under Grant IT1482-22 and Synergic R&D Projects in New and Emerging Scientific Areas on the Frontier of Science and Interdisciplinary Nature of The Community of Madrid (METAINFLAMATIONY2020/BIO-6600). Laura Isabel Arellano-García is a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the Gobierno Vasco

Machine Learning Improves Risk Stratification in Myelofibrosis: An Analysis of the Spanish Registry of Myelofibrosis

Aprendizaje automático; MielofibrosisAprenentatge automàtic; MielofibrosiMachine learning; MyelofibrosisMyelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with heterogeneous clinical course. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation remains the only curative therapy, but its morbidity and mortality require careful candidate selection. Therefore, accurate disease risk prognostication is critical for treatment decision-making. We obtained registry data from patients diagnosed with MF in 60 Spanish institutions (N = 1386). These were randomly divided into a training set (80%) and a test set (20%). A machine learning (ML) technique (random forest) was used to model overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) in the training set, and the results were validated in the test set. We derived the AIPSS-MF (Artificial Intelligence Prognostic Scoring System for Myelofibrosis) model, which was based on 8 clinical variables at diagnosis and achieved high accuracy in predicting OS (training set c-index, 0.750; test set c-index, 0.744) and LFS (training set c-index, 0.697; test set c-index, 0.703). No improvement was obtained with the inclusion of MPN driver mutations in the model. We were unable to adequately assess the potential benefit of including adverse cytogenetics or high-risk mutations due to the lack of these data in many patients. AIPSS-MF was superior to the IPSS regardless of MF subtype and age range and outperformed the MYSEC-PM in patients with secondary MF. In conclusion, we have developed a prediction model based exclusively on clinical variables that provides individualized prognostic estimates in patients with primary and secondary MF. The use of AIPSS-MF in combination with predictive models that incorporate genetic information may improve disease risk stratification

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG administration partially prevents diet-induced insulin resistance in rats: a comparison with its heat-inactivated parabiotic

Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are obesity-related health alterations, featuring an ever-increasing prevalence. Besides inadequate feeding patterns, gut microbiota alterations stand out as potential contributors to these metabolic disturbances. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the administration of a probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) effectively prevents diet-induced insulin resistance in rats and to compare these potential effects with those exerted by its heat-inactivated parabiotic. For this purpose, 34 male Wistar rats were fed a standard or a high-fat high-fructose diet, alone or supplemented with viable or heat-inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The body and white adipose tissue weight increases, induced by the obesogenic diet, were prevented by probiotic and parabiotic administration. The trend towards higher basal glucose levels and significantly higher serum insulin concentration observed in the non-treated animals fed with the obesogenic diet were effectively reverted by both treatments. Similar results were also found for serum adiponectin and leptin, whose levels were brought back by the probiotic and parabiotic administration to values similar to those of the control animals. Noteworthily, parabiotic administration significantly reduced skeletal muscle triglyceride content and activated CPT-1b compared to the non-treated animals. Finally, both treatments enhanced Akt and AS160 phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle compared to the non-treated animals; however, only parabiotic administration increased GLUT-4 protein expression in this tissue. These results suggest that heat-inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG seem to be more effective than its probiotic of origin in preventing high-fat high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance in rats.This study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERobn) under grant CB12/03/30007 and The Basque Government under grant IT1482-22. Laura Isabel Arellano-García is a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the Gobierno Vasco

Efectos de tratamiento con hidróxido de amonio y urea, humedad y tiempo en la composición de la paja de frijol

Se realizó un experimento para determinar los efectos de tratamiento de la paja de frijol negro con 4% de hidróxido de amonio, (NH+OH) y con 4% de urea, con niveles de 20 y 40% de humedad y con 7, 21 Y 42 días de tratamiento

Chondrocyte Turnover in Lung Cartilage

Cartilage is a highly differentiated connective tissue that forms mechanical support to soft tissues and is important for bone development from fetal period to puberty. It is conformed by chondrocytes and extracellular matrix. It is generally believed that adult cartilage has no capacity to renewal. A delicate balance between cell proliferation and cell death ensures the maintenance of normal tissue morphology and function. Stem cells play essential roles in this process. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can give rise to multiple lineages including bone, adipose and cartilage. Nestin protein was initially identified as a marker for neural stem cells, but its expression has also been detected in many types of cells, including MSCs. In vivo, chondrocyte turnover has been almost exclusively studied in articular cartilage. In this chapter we will review the findings about the chondrocyte turnover in lung cartilage. We have presented evidence that there exist nestin-positive MSCs in healthy adulthood that participates in the turnover of lung cartilage and in lung airway epithelium renewal. These findings may improve our knowledge about the biology of the cartilage and of the stem cells, and could provide new cell candidates for cartilage tissue engineering and for therapy for devastating pulmonary diseases

High variability of perezone content in rhizomes of Acourtia cordata wild plants, environmental factors related, and proteomic analysis

With the aim of exploring the source of the high variability observed in the production of perezone, in Acourtia cordata wild plants, we analyze the influence of soil parameters and phenotypic characteristics on its perezone content. Perezone is a sesquiterpene quinone responsible for several pharmacological effects and the A. cordata plants are the natural source of this metabolite. The chemistry of perezone has been widely studied, however, no studies exist related to its production under natural conditions, nor to its biosynthesis and the environmental factors that affect the yield of this compound in wild plants. We also used a proteomic approach to detect differentially expressed proteins in wild plant rhizomes and compare the profiles of high vs. low perezone-producing plants. Our results show that in perezone-producing rhizomes, the presence of high concentrations of this compound could result from a positive response to the effects of some edaphic factors, such as total phosphorus (Pt), total nitrogen (Nt), ammonium (NH4), and organic matter (O. M.), but could also be due to a negative response to the soil pH value. Additionally, we identified 616 differentially expressed proteins between high and low perezone producers. According to the functional annotation of this comparison, the upregulated proteins were grouped in valine biosynthesis, breakdown of leucine and isoleucine, and secondary metabolism such as terpenoid biosynthesis. Downregulated proteins were grouped in basal metabolism processes, such as pyruvate and purine metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Our results suggest that soil parameters can impact the content of perezone in wild plants. Furthermore, we used proteomic resources to obtain data on the pathways expressed when A. cordata plants produce high and low concentrations of perezone. These data may be useful to further explore the possible relationship between perezone production and abiotic or biotic factors and the molecular mechanisms related to high and low perezone production.This work was supported by the Programa de Mejoramiento del Profesorado PROMEP/103.5/13/6626 and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología CONACyT-Mexico for Ph.D. scholarship 392123/254165. The University of Alicante lab is a member of Proteored, PRB3 and is supported by grant PT17/0019, of the PE I+D+I 2013-2016, funded by ISCIII and ERDF. Roque Bru-Martínez received financial support from the University of Alicante (VIGROB-105)