Substantial Motion: from Mulla Sadra's Philosophy to Physics

Substantial motion is Mulla Sadra's philosophical innovation in material existence. Since the four fundamental interactions are the major topics of physics, in this comparative study, substantial motion is tested based on physical achievements. The study aimed to find answers to the following questions: do the achievements made in physics strengthen or weaken the theory of substantial motion? If science strengthens it, which physical interactions are examples of substantial motion? Based on the results of the physics, how can some of the accidental changes be considered as Substantial motion? Mulla Sadra proved that material existence has a constant inherent fluidity. Three centuries later, quantum physics proved the dynamism within matter. Mulla Sadra showed that accidental motion is the cause of substantial motion. Similarly, science confirmed that any change in the properties of an object results from the internal interactions of the matter and the object. Furthermore, any motion in an object occurs along with the exchange of the particles carrying force. Accordingly, internal transformations in the matter including the intermolecular, intramolecular, atomic, and subatomic (at elementary particles and quarks level) are subsets of the substantial motion

Effect of substrate grain size on structural and corrosion properties of electrodeposited nickel layer protected with self-assembled film of stearic acid

In the present study, the impact of copper substrate grain size on the structure of the succeeding electrodeposited nickel film and its consequent corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl medium were evaluated before and after functionalization with stearic acid. Nickel layers were electrodeposited on two different copper sheets with average grain size of 12 and 25 \u3bcm, followed by deposition of stearic acid film through self-assembly. X-ray diffraction analysis of the electrodeposited nickel films revealed that the deposition of nickel film on the Cu substrate with small (12 \u3bcm) and large (25 \u3bcm) grains is predominantly governed by growth in the (220) and (111) planes, respectively. Both electrodeposited films initially exhibited a hydrophilic nature, with water-contact angles of 56\ub0 and <10\ub0, respectively. After functionalization with stearic acid, superhydrophobic films with contact angles of ~150\ub0 were obtained on both samples. In a 3.5% NaCl medium, the corrosion resistance of the nickel layer electrodeposited on the copper substrate with 25 \u3bcm grains was three times greater than that deposited on the copper substrate with 12 \u3bcm grains. After functionalization, the corrosion resistance of both films was greatly improved in both short and long immersion times in 3.5% NaCl medium

The relationship between Intima-Media Thickness and Carotid Plaque Characteristics with Incidence and Severity of Premature Coronary Artery Disease

Background: Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaque can predict premature coronary heart disease (PCAD) in patients hospitalized due to coronary artery disease or undergoing therapeutic interventions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between intima media thickness and carotid plaque characteristics with the incidence and severity of premature coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: The current study was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted on patients referred to Imam Hossein Hospital in 2021-2022 who underwent coronary angiography. Patients were classified into two groups with coronary artery involvement and the group without evidence of significant coronary involvement. Then the data of patients, such as sex, age, risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, and clinical history of individuals, were collected through interviews and aspects related to carotid intima media thickness and plaque formation through a specialized review of reports. Results: A total of 59 women (%59) and 41 men (%41) participated in this study. The mean age was 51.50±9.54. The results of this study showed that there was a direct (positive) and significant correlation between carotid intima media thickness factors, including right and left carotid intima-media thickness, right and left carotid intima media thickness scores, and the number of carotid plaques with increasing severity of coronary artery involvement (P-values<0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation between carotid plaque number and severity of coronary artery disease (P-value<0.05). Conclusion: CIMT has a significant correlation with PCAD, and in patients at risk of PCAD, measurement of CIMT was a suitable method

Novel semi-analytical optoelectronic modeling based on homogenization theory for realistic plasmonic polymer solar cells

Abstract Numerical-based simulations of plasmonic polymer solar cells (PSCs) incorporating a disordered array of non-uniform sized plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) impose a prohibitively long-time and complex computational demand. To surmount this limitation, we present a novel semi-analytical modeling, which dramatically reduces computational time and resource consumption and yet is acceptably accurate. For this purpose, the optical modeling of active layer-incorporated plasmonic metal NPs, which is described by a homogenization theory based on a modified Maxwell–Garnett-Mie theory, is inputted in the electrical modeling based on the coupled equations of Poisson, continuity, and drift–diffusion. Besides, our modeling considers the effects of absorption in the non-active layers, interference induced by electrodes, and scattered light escaping from the PSC. The modeling results satisfactorily reproduce a series of experimental data for photovoltaic parameters of plasmonic PSCs, demonstrating the validity of our modeling approach. According to this, we implement the semi-analytical modeling to propose a new high-efficiency plasmonic PSC based on the PM6:Y6 PSC, having the highest reported power conversion efficiency (PCE) to date. The results show that the incorporation of plasmonic NPs into PM6:Y6 active layer leads to the PCE over 18%

Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection in Shahid Beheshti University Hospitals During 2016-2017

Background and Aim: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common and important childhood diseases that may lead to complications such as acute pyelonephritis, renal scaring, and renal failure if not diagnosed and treated properly. The antibiotic resistance rate has increased recently because of unnecessary antibiotic consumption. In order to prescribe an appropriate drug as empirical therapy, it is necessary to know the prevalence of pathogens causing UTI and their antibiotic resistance rate in the community. Therefore, this study was conducted to present an appropriate guideline for UTI empirical therapy through evaluating the rate of antibiotic resistance in a sample of hospitalized patients suffering from UTI.Methods: This retrospective descriptive analytical study was conducted in 130 children with UTI whose medical records included antibiogram results in hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University during 2016-2017.Results: Of 130 patients, 73.07% were girls and 26.92% were boys. About 50% of the patients were under one-year-old, 33.07% were 1-3 years old, and 16.15% were over 3 years old. The detected pathogens were E. coli in 63.07%, Enterococcus in 14.61%, Klebsiella in 13.07%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5.38%, and Enterobacter in 3.84%.Conclusion: Based on the data of the present study, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and first-generation cephalosporins are not appropriate for UTI empirical therapy. Keywords: Antibiogram; Antibiotic resistance; Urinary tract infection