Biological monitoring of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu) by tissues of Capoeta damascina from Sezar River, Lorestan Province

This study was carried out in order to measure and compare heavy metals levels (Pb,Cd,Fe, Zn, Ni and Cu) in gill and muscle of Capoeta damascina. 60 fish were caught from 3 stations in Tangeh haft zone from Sezar river. Heavy metals were measured by Atomic Absorption spectrophotometery. The highest concentrations of heavy metals Fe>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu>Cd, respectively. The average heavy metals concentration in gill and muscle have significant different (P0.05). The results of this study showed that there were significant difference between heavy metals concentrations in gill, liver and muscle (P>0.05). The results of this study showed that there were significant difference between heavy metals concentrations in gill, liver and muscle (P <0.05). According to the result of this study concentrations of Pb in Capoeta damascina are height than international standard FAO, WHO, NHMRC, UK (MAFF)

A REVIEW OF THE MARINE CRAB FISHERIES IN THE TURKISH SEAS

U radu je prikazana distribucija morskih kratkorepih rakova (Brachyura) uzduž turske obale ulovljenih između 1967. i 2016. te količina i vrijednost ekonomski značajnih vrsta rakova. Prethodni podaci ukazuju da je u Turskoj bilo prisutno 102 vrste kratkorepih rakova, od kojih je pet bilo ekonomski značajno, ali ovaj pregled identificira dodatne dvije vrste, Inachus phalangium i Ashtoret lunaris. U Egejskom moru ulovljeno je više vrsta rakova nego u Mediteranskom, Crnom i Mramornom moru. Najviše lovljene vrste su Callinectes sapidus, Maja squinado, Eriphia verrucosa, Carcinus aestuarii i Portunus segnis. Tijekom godina postojale su oscilacije u količini ulova kratkorepih rakova te je najniža s ulovom bila 2015.g. s 5 tona, a najviša 1984. g. s 2116 tona. Informacije navedene u radu pružaju temelj mogućem profitabilnom razvoju strategije očuvanja i upravljanja morskim rakovima u Turskoj.The paper presents a review of the distribution of marine crabs (Brachyura) along the Turkish coast and the amount of economically important marine crabs harvested between 1967 and 2016. Previous records reported that Turkey had 102 brachyuran crab species, only five of them being economically important, but this review identifies two more species, Inachus phalangium and Ashtoret lunaris. The Aegean Sea has more crab species than the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara. The most harvested species are Callinectes sapidus, Maja squinado, Eriphia verrucosa, Carcinus aestuarii and Portunus segnis, respectively. This review shows that there have been fluctuations in the harvest of marine crabs between years, the lowest being 5 tonnes in 2015 and the highest, 2116 tonnes in 1984. The information provided in this review provides a basis for potential profitable development of conservation and management strategies of marine crabs in Turkey

The annual cycle of spermatozoa content in the vas deferens and some reproductive parameters in the narrow-clawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823)

Understanding the annual dynamic of gametes in crayfish is useful for successful management of crayfish population. The annual variations in spermatozoa content of vas deferens, gonado-somatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), vas deferens index (VDI), and testicular index (TI) were investigated in male Pontastacus leptodactylus. The spermatozoa content, GSI, HSI, VDI, and TI of P. leptodactylus significantly (P < 0.05) changed during different seasons of the year. For example, significantly higher spermatozoa number, GSI, VDI, and TI were recorded in January (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the HSI reached the peak in August (P < 0.05). The spermatophore degeneration started in April. Although the vas deferens lacks spermatophore structure during the summer, the presence of spermatozoa was observed throughout the year. This study represents a step forward in understanding the seasonal spermatozoa content and the reproductive status of male P. leptodactylus. Keywords: Decapoda, Gonado-somatic index, Hepatosomatic index, Spermatophore, Vitellogeni

Elevated water temperature impairs gamete production in male narrow-clawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823)

Water temperature is one of the major environmental factors affecting the reproductive output of freshwater crayfish. The reproduction of freshwater crayfish only occurs in a limited water temperature range and minor changes in water temperature could have negative impacts on this biological process. Therefore, understanding the potential effects of temperature on the reproductive output of crayfish is important from both an ecological and aquaculture point of view. Spermatozoal production, hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonado-somatic index (GSI), testicular index (TI), and vas deferens index (VDI) were measured in Pontastacus leptodactylus maintained at 7.5, 11, and 19 °C during the reproductive season. It was found that the highest temperature significantly degrades the production of spermatozoa and VDI when compared to the crayfish maintained at lower temperatures (P 0.05). Furthermore, the highest temperature caused a negative impact on the vas deferens characterized by a softer and more adhesive texture. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that elevated water temperature has a negative impact on gamete production of male P. leptodactylus, as a cold water crayfish species, and may subsequently affect the whole reproduction process

A Review of the Marine Crab Fisheries in the Turkish Seas

The paper presents a review of the distribution of marine crabs (Brachyura) along the Turkish coast and the amount of economically important marine crabs harvested between 1967 and 2016. Previous records reported that Turkey had 102 brachyuran crab species, only five of them being economically important, but this review identifies two more species, Inachus phalangium and Ashtoret lunaris. The Aegean Sea has more crab species than the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara. The most harvested species are Callinectes sapidus, Maja squinado, Eriphia verrucosa, Carcinus aestuarii and Portunus segnis, respectively. This review shows that there have been fluctuations in the harvest of marine crabs between years, the lowest being 5 tonnes in 2015 and the highest, 2116 tonnes in 1984. The information provided in this review provides a basis for potential profitable development of conservation and management strategies of marine crabs in Turkey

DataSheet_5_The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in salinity adaptation in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).docx

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis in mammals. In fishes, the RAS pathway participates in osmoregulation and salinity adaptation. However, the role of the RAS pathway in invertebrates, particularly in crustaceans, remains unknown. In this study, four key genes of the RAS pathway (LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR) were cloned, characterized, and their expression levels were detected in the eyestalk, hepatopancreas, and muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei during long-term and short-term low salinity stress. The results showed that LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR encode 666, 936, 175, and 323 amino acids, respectively. Low salinity stress downregulated the expression levels of LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR in L. vannamei, indicating that the RAS pathway was suppressed under low salinity. Moreover, these genes play important roles in the regulation of drinking rate, controlling urine output, blood glucose, and blood pressure, indicating that their downregulation probably affected the homeostasis of shrimps. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of salinity adaptation in L. vannamei.</p

DataSheet_2_The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in salinity adaptation in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).docx

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis in mammals. In fishes, the RAS pathway participates in osmoregulation and salinity adaptation. However, the role of the RAS pathway in invertebrates, particularly in crustaceans, remains unknown. In this study, four key genes of the RAS pathway (LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR) were cloned, characterized, and their expression levels were detected in the eyestalk, hepatopancreas, and muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei during long-term and short-term low salinity stress. The results showed that LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR encode 666, 936, 175, and 323 amino acids, respectively. Low salinity stress downregulated the expression levels of LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR in L. vannamei, indicating that the RAS pathway was suppressed under low salinity. Moreover, these genes play important roles in the regulation of drinking rate, controlling urine output, blood glucose, and blood pressure, indicating that their downregulation probably affected the homeostasis of shrimps. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of salinity adaptation in L. vannamei.</p

DataSheet_1_The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in salinity adaptation in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).docx

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis in mammals. In fishes, the RAS pathway participates in osmoregulation and salinity adaptation. However, the role of the RAS pathway in invertebrates, particularly in crustaceans, remains unknown. In this study, four key genes of the RAS pathway (LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR) were cloned, characterized, and their expression levels were detected in the eyestalk, hepatopancreas, and muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei during long-term and short-term low salinity stress. The results showed that LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR encode 666, 936, 175, and 323 amino acids, respectively. Low salinity stress downregulated the expression levels of LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR in L. vannamei, indicating that the RAS pathway was suppressed under low salinity. Moreover, these genes play important roles in the regulation of drinking rate, controlling urine output, blood glucose, and blood pressure, indicating that their downregulation probably affected the homeostasis of shrimps. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of salinity adaptation in L. vannamei.</p

DataSheet_3_The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in salinity adaptation in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).docx

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis in mammals. In fishes, the RAS pathway participates in osmoregulation and salinity adaptation. However, the role of the RAS pathway in invertebrates, particularly in crustaceans, remains unknown. In this study, four key genes of the RAS pathway (LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR) were cloned, characterized, and their expression levels were detected in the eyestalk, hepatopancreas, and muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei during long-term and short-term low salinity stress. The results showed that LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR encode 666, 936, 175, and 323 amino acids, respectively. Low salinity stress downregulated the expression levels of LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR in L. vannamei, indicating that the RAS pathway was suppressed under low salinity. Moreover, these genes play important roles in the regulation of drinking rate, controlling urine output, blood glucose, and blood pressure, indicating that their downregulation probably affected the homeostasis of shrimps. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of salinity adaptation in L. vannamei.</p

DataSheet_4_The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in salinity adaptation in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).docx

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis in mammals. In fishes, the RAS pathway participates in osmoregulation and salinity adaptation. However, the role of the RAS pathway in invertebrates, particularly in crustaceans, remains unknown. In this study, four key genes of the RAS pathway (LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR) were cloned, characterized, and their expression levels were detected in the eyestalk, hepatopancreas, and muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei during long-term and short-term low salinity stress. The results showed that LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR encode 666, 936, 175, and 323 amino acids, respectively. Low salinity stress downregulated the expression levels of LV-ACE, LV-APN, LV-AT1R, and LV-RR in L. vannamei, indicating that the RAS pathway was suppressed under low salinity. Moreover, these genes play important roles in the regulation of drinking rate, controlling urine output, blood glucose, and blood pressure, indicating that their downregulation probably affected the homeostasis of shrimps. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of salinity adaptation in L. vannamei.</p