Retinal abnormalities in children suffering from low hemoglobin levels

Background: Anemia is a major public health problem with total prevalence of 30%. It is one of the hematological disorders which can induce retinal changes that are due to retinal hypoxia that leads to nerve fiber layer infarction. Other change includes increased vascular permeability, venous stasis, angiospasm and increased blood viscosity.Methods:  This is the cross-sectional study that includes 230 children with age group of 1 to15 years having hemoglobin levels less than 10 gm/dl referred to eye OPD. Ocular examination was done which included-visual acuity, anterior segment, dilated fundus examination.Results: Retinopathy was observed in 95% children of severe anemia and 84% children of moderate anemia. Common findings observed vascular changes, dot blot hemorrhages, flame shaped hemorrhages, sub hyaloids hemorrhages, disc pallor and macular edema.Conclusions: Retinopathy is a frequent finding seen in moderate to severe anemic patients, as the retinal changes were found significantly in maximum patients, it is recommended that all anemic patients particular Hb less than 10 g/dl must undergo routine fundus examinations.

Comparative assessment of Oral Hygiene and Periodontal status among children who have Poliomyelitis at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India

Objective: To assess and compare the oral hygiene and periodontal status among children with Poliomyelitis having upper limb disability, lower limb disability and both upper and lower disability at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Study design: Total sample comprised of 344 Poliomyelitis children (upper limb disability: 33.4%; lower limb disability: 33.7%; both upper and lower limb disability: 32.9%) in the age group of 12-15 years. Clinical examination included recording Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and Community Periodontal Index. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple logistic and stepwise linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean OHI-S (2.52±1.05) score was found to be highest among children who had both upper and lower limb disability (p<0.05). The highest and lowest mean number of healthy sextants were found among those with only lower limb disability (4.53±2.05) and among those with both upper and lower limb disability (0.77±1.39), respectively (p<0.05). Stepwise multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the best predictor for oral hygiene and periodontal status was limb involved in the disability. Conclusion: The results of the study depicted an overall poor oral hygiene and periodontal status of the group. It was recognized that limbs involved in the disability had an impact on the oral hygiene and periodontal condition. The situation in this specialized population draws immediate attention for an integrated approach in improving the oral health and focus towards extensive research

DATA DRIVEN SMART CITIES: INTEGRATING THE POWER OF 5G COMPUTING

The fifth generation of mobile networks is going to transform the way we live, work, and communicate. The shift from 4G to 5G would be a crucial enabler for the growth of smart cities due to its superior speed and minimal latency. Extant literature indicates that 5G technology holds immense potential in implementing and managing smart cities and would provide benefit to citizens and corporates alike. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of 5G computing as a smart city accelerator, in terms of enabling data driven decisions and its effects on various economic sectors. Based on primary data collected from 392 respondents based in Delhi NCR, the study attempts to explore the attitude of people towards 5G technology with respect to Connectivity, Infrastructure and Application for development of smart cities in India

Evaluation of Salivary Calcium and Phosphorous Concentration Before and After Chewing CPP-ACP Containing Chewing Gum

Svrha: Željelo se procijeniti kolika je koncentraciju kalcija i fosfata u slini prije žvakanja žvakaće gume bez šećera s dodatkom kazein-fosfopeptida i amorfnog kalcijeva fosfata (CPP–ACP-a) pod imenom RecaldentTM te procijeniti količinu i koliko dugo ostaju određene koncentracije kalcija i fosfata u slini nakon žvakanja gume s CPP–ACP-om. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je kliničko nerandomizirano ispitivanje u skupini od 30 nasumce odabranih studenata u dobi između 18 i 25 godina. Od svih je skupljena nestimulirana slina cijeđenjem prije žvakanja gume s CCP–ACP-om i u točno određenim intervalima nakon 20-minutnog žvakanja. U uzorcima se mjerila koncentracija kalcija i fosfata. Podaci su analizirani SPSS ver.17, softverom s postavkama ponovljenog mjerenja ANOVA-om, studentskim parnim t-testom i postotnom razlikom. Rezultati: Srednja vrijednost kalcija u slini znatno se povećala neposredno nakon (Ai) žvakanja žvakaće s CCP–ACP-om, sa srednjom razlikom od 22 posto u usporedbi s osnovnom vrijednošću (B). Povećanje koncentracije kalcija u odnosu na osnovnu vrijednost mjerilo se dva sata nakon žvakanja, kada je opaženo sniženje koncentracije fosfata u slini i do jedan sat nakon žvakanja žvakaće u usporedbi s osnovnom vrijednošću (B). Zaključak: CPP kao ACP-nositelj znatno povećava koncentraciju kalcija u slini i tako olakšava remineralizaciju.Objective: To estimate the salivary concentration of calcium and phosphorous before and after chewing sugar free chewing gum containing Casein phosphopeptide-Amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) namely RecaldentTM and to determine the extent and duration to which the salivary levels of calcium and phosphorus remain retained in saliva after chewing the CPP-ACP containing gum. Materials and Method: A non-randomized clinical trial was conducted among 30 randomly selected students aged 18 – 25 years. Unstimulated saliva was collected by draining method before and at different intervals after chewing CPP-ACP chewing gum for 20 minutes. These samples were tested for calcium and phosphorous concentration. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 software using Repeated measure Anova and Students paired t-test and percentage difference. Results: The mean calcium concentration of saliva increased significantly immediately after (Ai) chewing CPP-ACP containing chewing gum with the mean difference of 22% when compared to the baseline (B). A significant increase in the calcium concentration of saliva as compared to the baseline (B) was observed for up to 2 hours after chewing the gum, whereas a decrease in the phosphorus concentration in saliva for up to 1 hour after chewing the gum was observed when compared to baseline (B). Conclusion - CPP as an ACP carrier significantly increases the calcium concentration of the saliva, thereby facilitating remineralization

Evaluation of Salivary Calcium and Phosphorous Concentration Before and After Chewing CPP-ACP Containing Chewing Gum

Svrha: Željelo se procijeniti kolika je koncentraciju kalcija i fosfata u slini prije žvakanja žvakaće gume bez šećera s dodatkom kazein-fosfopeptida i amorfnog kalcijeva fosfata (CPP–ACP-a) pod imenom RecaldentTM te procijeniti količinu i koliko dugo ostaju određene koncentracije kalcija i fosfata u slini nakon žvakanja gume s CPP–ACP-om. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je kliničko nerandomizirano ispitivanje u skupini od 30 nasumce odabranih studenata u dobi između 18 i 25 godina. Od svih je skupljena nestimulirana slina cijeđenjem prije žvakanja gume s CCP–ACP-om i u točno određenim intervalima nakon 20-minutnog žvakanja. U uzorcima se mjerila koncentracija kalcija i fosfata. Podaci su analizirani SPSS ver.17, softverom s postavkama ponovljenog mjerenja ANOVA-om, studentskim parnim t-testom i postotnom razlikom. Rezultati: Srednja vrijednost kalcija u slini znatno se povećala neposredno nakon (Ai) žvakanja žvakaće s CCP–ACP-om, sa srednjom razlikom od 22 posto u usporedbi s osnovnom vrijednošću (B). Povećanje koncentracije kalcija u odnosu na osnovnu vrijednost mjerilo se dva sata nakon žvakanja, kada je opaženo sniženje koncentracije fosfata u slini i do jedan sat nakon žvakanja žvakaće u usporedbi s osnovnom vrijednošću (B). Zaključak: CPP kao ACP-nositelj znatno povećava koncentraciju kalcija u slini i tako olakšava remineralizaciju.Objective: To estimate the salivary concentration of calcium and phosphorous before and after chewing sugar free chewing gum containing Casein phosphopeptide-Amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) namely RecaldentTM and to determine the extent and duration to which the salivary levels of calcium and phosphorus remain retained in saliva after chewing the CPP-ACP containing gum. Materials and Method: A non-randomized clinical trial was conducted among 30 randomly selected students aged 18 – 25 years. Unstimulated saliva was collected by draining method before and at different intervals after chewing CPP-ACP chewing gum for 20 minutes. These samples were tested for calcium and phosphorous concentration. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 software using Repeated measure Anova and Students paired t-test and percentage difference. Results: The mean calcium concentration of saliva increased significantly immediately after (Ai) chewing CPP-ACP containing chewing gum with the mean difference of 22% when compared to the baseline (B). A significant increase in the calcium concentration of saliva as compared to the baseline (B) was observed for up to 2 hours after chewing the gum, whereas a decrease in the phosphorus concentration in saliva for up to 1 hour after chewing the gum was observed when compared to baseline (B). Conclusion - CPP as an ACP carrier significantly increases the calcium concentration of the saliva, thereby facilitating remineralization

Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries. We considered 11 occupations and grouped them by likelihood of exposure to organic dusts, inorganic dusts and fumes. The association of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnoea, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC with occupation was assessed, per study site, using multivariable regression. These estimates were then meta-analysed. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between sexes and gross national income. Results Overall, working in settings with potentially high exposure to dusts or fumes was associated with respiratory symptoms but not lung function differences. The most common occupation was farming. Compared to people not working in any of the 11 considered occupations, those who were farmers for ≥20 years were more likely to have chronic cough (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19–1.94), wheeze (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.63) and dyspnoea (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53–2.20), but not lower FVC (β=0.02 L, 95% CI −0.02–0.06 L) or lower FEV1/FVC (β=0.04%, 95% CI −0.49–0.58%). Some findings differed by sex and gross national income. Conclusion At a population level, the occupational exposures considered in this study do not appear to be major determinants of differences in lung function, although they are associated with more respiratory symptoms. Because not all work settings were included in this study, respiratory surveillance should still be encouraged among high-risk dusty and fume job workers, especially in low- and middle-income countries.publishedVersio

Cohort Profile: Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study was established to assess the prevalence of chronic airflow obstruction, a key characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and its risk factors in adults (≥40 years) from general populations across the world. The baseline study was conducted between 2003 and 2016, in 41 sites across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, the Caribbean and Oceania, and collected high-quality pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry from 28 828 participants. The follow-up study was conducted between 2019 and 2021, in 18 sites across Africa, Asia, Europe and the Caribbean. At baseline, there were in these sites 12 502 participants with high-quality spirometry. A total of 6452 were followed up, with 5936 completing the study core questionnaire. Of these, 4044 also provided high-quality pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry. On both occasions, the core questionnaire covered information on respiratory symptoms, doctor diagnoses, health care use, medication use and ealth status, as well as potential risk factors. Information on occupation, environmental exposures and diet was also collected

Diagnostic accuracy of sacral rhomboid dimensions in prediction of cephalopelvic disproportion in primigravidae

Background: Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. CPD complicates 2-15% of pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sacral rhomboid dimensions in the prediction of CPD in primigravidaeMethods: This prospective study was conducted on 400 primigravidae at 37-week gestation in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Women with height&gt;145 cm were subjected to measurement of transverse and vertical diagonals (TD and VD) of sacral rhomboid prior to delivery. Following delivery, the women were divided in two groups: control group (normal delivery, n=290) and study group (caesarean section for CPD, n=56). The sacral rhomboid dimensions were compared in both the groups and statistically analysed.  Results: The mean maternal height in both the groups showed no significant difference (156.88±5.7 vs 155.02±4.75, p=0.011). However, in univariate analysis, maternal height of≤154.5 cm, VD ≤10.25 cm and TD≤9.75 cm showed a diagnostic accuracy of 58.3%, 55.4% and 78%, respectively. Of all the parameters, TD≤9.75 cm was the most significant factor in predicting CPD (34% vs 13%), OR 3.3 (95%CI: 1.7- 6.7, p&lt;0.001).Conclusions: A simple measurement of transverse diameter of sacral rhomboid is a better predictor of CPD in an average height Indian primigravidae. It can be used in community hospital to detect high risk primigravidae