8 research outputs found

    Use of statistical process control charts in the epidemiological surveillance of nosocomial infections

    Get PDF
    OBJECTIVE: To monitor occurrence trends and identify clusters of nosocomial infection (NI) using statistical process control (SPC) charts. METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 2000 nosocomial infection occurrence was evaluated in a cohort of 460 patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital, according to the concepts and criteria proposed by the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control, in the United States. Graphs were plotted using Poisson statistical distribution, including four horizontal lines: center line (CL), upper warning limit (UWL) and upper control limit (UCL). The CL was the arithmetic mean NI rate calculated for the studied period; UWL and UCL were drawn at 2 and 3 standard deviations above average NI rates, respectively. Clusters were identified when NI rates remained above UCL. RESULTS: Mean NI incidence was 20 per 1,000 patient days. One urinary tract infection cluster was identified in July 2000, with an infection rate of 63 per 1,000 patient days, exceeding UCL and characterizing a period of epidemic. CONCLUSIONS: The use of SPC charts for controlling endemic levels of NI, through both global and site-specific evaluation, allowed for the identification of uncommon variations in NI rates, such as outbreaks and epidemics, and for their distinction from the natural variations observed in NI occurrence rates, without the need for calculations and hypothesis testing.OBJETIVO: Monitorizar a tendĂȘncia de ocorrĂȘncia e identificar surtos de infecçÔes hospitalares utilizando diagramas de controles. MÉTODOS: No perĂ­odo de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2000, a ocorrĂȘncia de infecçÔes hospitalares foi avaliada em uma coorte de 460 pacientes, internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva PediĂĄtrica de um hospital universitĂĄrio, segundo os conceitos e critĂ©rios da metodologia do sistema National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance, do Centers for Disease Control (EUA). Os grĂĄficos foram construĂ­dos de acordo com a distribuição probabilĂ­stica de Poisson. Quatro linhas horizontais foram plotadas. A linha central foi representada pela incidĂȘncia mĂ©dia das infecçÔes hospitalares no perĂ­odo estudado e as linhas de alerta superior e de controle superior foram calculadas a partir de dois e trĂȘs desvios-padrĂŁo acima da incidĂȘncia mĂ©dia das infecçÔes hospitalares, respectivamente. Os surtos de infecção hospitalar foram identificados quando sua incidĂȘncia mensal permaneceu acima da linha do limite de controle superior. RESULTADOS: A incidĂȘncia mĂ©dia de infecçÔes hospitalares por mil pacientes dia foi de 20. Um surto de infecção do trato urinĂĄrio foi identificado em julho de 2000, cuja taxa de infecção foi de 63 por mil pacientes dia, ultrapassando a linha de controle superior, configurando um perĂ­odo epidĂȘmico. CONCLUSÕES: A utilização dos diagramas de controle do nĂ­vel endĂȘmico, tanto por avaliação global e sĂ­tio especĂ­fica, possibilitou identificar e distinguir das variaçÔes naturais nas taxas de ocorrĂȘncia de infecçÔes hospitalares aquelas de causas incomuns, como os surtos ou epidemias, dispensando o uso de cĂĄlculos e testes de hipĂłteses.Universidade Federal de UberlĂąndiaUniversidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

    Uso de diagramas de controle na vigilùncia epidemiológica das infecçÔes hospitalares

    Get PDF
    OBJECTIVE: To monitor occurrence trends and identify clusters of nosocomial infection (NI) using statistical process control (SPC) charts. METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 2000 nosocomial infection occurrence was evaluated in a cohort of 460 patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital, according to the concepts and criteria proposed by the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control, in the United States. Graphs were plotted using Poisson statistical distribution, including four horizontal lines: center line (CL), upper warning limit (UWL) and upper control limit (UCL). The CL was the arithmetic mean NI rate calculated for the studied period; UWL and UCL were drawn at 2 and 3 standard deviations above average NI rates, respectively. Clusters were identified when NI rates remained above UCL. RESULTS: Mean NI incidence was 20 per 1,000 patient days. One urinary tract infection cluster was identified in July 2000, with an infection rate of 63 per 1,000 patient days, exceeding UCL and characterizing a period of epidemic. CONCLUSIONS: The use of SPC charts for controlling endemic levels of NI, through both global and site-specific evaluation, allowed for the identification of uncommon variations in NI rates, such as outbreaks and epidemics, and for their distinction from the natural variations observed in NI occurrence rates, without the need for calculations and hypothesis testing.OBJETIVO: Monitorizar a tendĂȘncia de ocorrĂȘncia e identificar surtos de infecçÔes hospitalares utilizando diagramas de controles. MÉTODOS: No perĂ­odo de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2000, a ocorrĂȘncia de infecçÔes hospitalares foi avaliada em uma coorte de 460 pacientes, internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva PediĂĄtrica de um hospital universitĂĄrio, segundo os conceitos e critĂ©rios da metodologia do sistema "National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance", do "Centers for Disease Control" (EUA). Os grĂĄficos foram construĂ­dos de acordo com a distribuição probabilĂ­stica de Poisson. Quatro linhas horizontais foram plotadas. A linha central foi representada pela incidĂȘncia mĂ©dia das infecçÔes hospitalares no perĂ­odo estudado e as linhas de alerta superior e de controle superior foram calculadas a partir de dois e trĂȘs desvios-padrĂŁo acima da incidĂȘncia mĂ©dia das infecçÔes hospitalares, respectivamente. Os surtos de infecção hospitalar foram identificados quando sua incidĂȘncia mensal permaneceu acima da linha do limite de controle superior. RESULTADOS: A incidĂȘncia mĂ©dia de infecçÔes hospitalares por mil pacientes dia foi de 20. Um surto de infecção do trato urinĂĄrio foi identificado em julho de 2000, cuja taxa de infecção foi de 63 por mil pacientes dia, ultrapassando a linha de controle superior, configurando um perĂ­odo epidĂȘmico. CONCLUSÕES: A utilização dos diagramas de controle do nĂ­vel endĂȘmico, tanto por avaliação global e sĂ­tio especĂ­fica, possibilitou identificar e distinguir das variaçÔes naturais nas taxas de ocorrĂȘncia de infecçÔes hospitalares aquelas de causas incomuns, como os surtos ou epidemias, dispensando o uso de cĂĄlculos e testes de hipĂłteses

    Nosocomial infections in a pediatric intensive care unit of a developing country: NHSN surveillance

    No full text
    INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of the three most common nosocomial infections (NI), namely, sepsis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection (UTI), in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a developing country and to define the risk factors associated with NI. METHODS: We performed a prospective study on the incidence of NI in a single PICU, between August 2009 and August 2010. Active surveillance by National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) was conducted in the unit and children with NI (cases) were compared with a group (matched controls) in a case-control fashion. RESULTS: We analyzed 172 patients; 22.1% had NI, 71.1% of whom acquired it in the unit. The incidence densities of sepsis, pneumonia, and UTI per 1,000 patients/day were 17.9, 11.4, and 4.3, respectively. The most common agents in sepsis were Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli (18% each); Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated in 13% of cases. In pneumonias Staphylococcus aureus was the most common cause (3.2%), and in UTI the most frequent agents were yeasts (33.3%). The presence of NI was associated with a long period of hospitalization, use of invasive devices (central venous catheter, nasogastric tube), and use of antibiotics. The last two were independent factors for NI. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of NI acquired in this unit was high and was associated with extrinsic factors
    corecore