Moving rom Histopathology to Molecular Tools in the Diagnosis of Molluscs Diseases of Concern under EU Legislation

10 páginas, 2 tablas.-- This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these termsOne of the main factors limiting molluscs production is the presence of pathogens and diseases. Disease agent transfer via transfers of live molluscs has been a major cause of disease outbreaks and epizootics. Because of that, the European Union has adopted several decisions and directives, the last in 2006 (2006/88/EC) to control movements of marine organisms over the European countries. Once the disease is established in a determined area its eradication is a complicated task because life cycle of pathogens are not completely known and only a good and early diagnosis of the disease could be the most appropriate way to deal with it. Besides, molluscs do not have an adaptive immune response and vaccination strategies are not possible. Molluscs listed diseases under EU legislation are mainly protozoan parasites, that's why histological techniques are recognized for their diagnosis. However, molecular techniques are being increasingly used primarily as confirmatory techniques of the presence of the pathogens but also in disease monitoring programs. Research perspectives are mainly focussed in the optimization, of the already described techniques to gain in sensitivity and sensibility and in the development of new molecular biology techniques (quantitative real time PCRs), that are faster and easier to apply and that allow a positive diagnosis even in early stages of infection. However, molecular tools detect DNA sequences of the pathogen which does not imply that pathogen is viable in the cell host and the infection is established. Consequently, it needs to be validated against other techniques, such as histology or in situ hybridization, so that its reliability can be determinedAuthors want to thanks the Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentacion y Medio Ambiente, to CSIC (project 201640E024) and to Ministerio de Economía y competitividad (project AGL2015-65705-R) for their financial supportPeer reviewe

A Status Assessment of Perkinsiosis, Bonamiosis, and Mateiliosis in Commercial Marine Bivalves from Southern Brazil

14 páginas, 1 figura, 3 tablas.-- Simone Sühnel ... et al.The protozoans Perkinsus marinus, Perkinsus olseni, Bonamia ostreae, Bonamia exitiosa, and Marteilia refringens are responsible for some of the most detrimental diseases in the production of cultivated shellfish worldwide and are classified as notifiable diseases by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). This study examined the general health status of wild and cultured bivalves from southern Brazil and included diagnostic tests for the presence of Perkinsus sp., Bonamia sp., andMarteilia sp. Cultured bivalves included the mangrove oyster Crassostrea gasar (syn. Crassostrea brasiliana), the brown mussel Perna perna, the lion's paw scallop Nodipecten nodosus, andwing pearl oyster Pteria hirundo. Themangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae and the carib pointed venus clam Anomalocardia brasiliana (syn. Anomalocardia flexuosa) were collected from wild populations. A variety of parasitic or commensal organisms were detected by histology including Ancistrocoma-like and Spenophrya-like organisms; Bucephalus genus, Nematopsis sp., Steinhausia sp., and Tylocephalum sp.; unidentified trematode; unknown protozoan and metazoans; and an amoeba parasite. Hemocytic infiltration was most commonly associated with parasitized animals. Histological, culture and molecular diagnostic tests did not find any evidence of the presence of OIE-listed pathogens or related species in this study. Although the current survey did not identify any pathogens or diseases of concern, it provides baseline health assessment data for these species against which any future disease developments or significant changes in population health can be compared. These data are also valuable with respect to the development and implementation of public policies related to aquatic animal healthWe would like to thank to the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Brazil, for the research support provided to the Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC), Brazil; the National Council of Technological and ScientificDevelopment, Brazil (CNPq-558222/2008-0), for supporting themacro- andmicroscopical analysis and for providing a grant (CNPq-301072/2007-8); the Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Brazil, for post-doctoral scholarship support for SS; the Pacific Biologic Station and Vancouver Island University (VIU) in Canada for supporting the molecular studiesPeer reviewe

Scrapie infectivity is quickly cleared in tissues of orally-infected farmed fish

BACKGROUND: Scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) belongs to the group of animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). BSE epidemic in the UK and elsewhere in Europe has been linked to the use of bovine meat and bone meals (MBM) in the feeding of cattle. There is concern that pigs, poultry and fish bred for human consumption and fed with infected MBM would eventually develop BSE or carry residual infectivity without disease. Although there has been no evidence of infection in these species, experimental data on the susceptibility to the BSE agent of farm animals other than sheep and cow are limited only to pigs and domestic chicken. In the framework of a EU-granted project we have challenged two species of fish largely used in human food consumption, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), with a mouse-adapted TSE strain (scrapie 139A), to assess the risk related to oral consumption of TSE contaminated food. In trout, we also checked the "in vitro" ability of the pathological isoform of the mouse prion protein (PrP(Sc)) to cross the intestinal epithelium when added to the mucosal side of everted intestine. RESULTS: Fish challenged with a large amount of scrapie mouse brain homogenate by either oral or parenteral routes, showed the ability to clear the majority of infectivity load. None of the fish tissues taken at different time points after oral or parenteral inoculation was able to provoke scrapie disease after intracerebral inoculation in recipient mice. However, a few recipient mice were positive for PrP(Sc )and spongiform lesions in the brain. We also showed a specific binding of PrP(Sc )to the mucosal side of fish intestine in the absence of an active uptake of the prion protein through the intestinal wall. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that scrapie 139A, and possibly BSE, is quickly removed from fish tissues despite evidence of a prion like protein in fish and of a specific binding of PrP(Sc )to the mucosal side of fish intestine

Definition of a list of shellfish diseases to aid health management in Spain

Poster.-- 14th EAFP International conference on diseases of fish and shellfish, Prague, 14-19 September 2009An expert working group used a risk ranking technique to compile a list of shellfish disease hazards (pathogens) of relevance to Spanish aquaculture. It was possible to divide the list into three groups: I-high national risk; II-regional risk; III-low risk. The three groups were as follows: Group I (high risk) Haplosporidium nelsoni, Nocardia crassostreae (nocardiosis) and GNVD/HIVD (Iridovirus) Group II (regional risk) Haplosporidium montforti, Perkinsus mediterraneus, P. olseni/atlanticus, Marteilia refringens, Bonamia ostreae and Mikrocytos mackini Group III (low risk) Haplosporidium armoricanum, Xenohaliotis californiensis, Herpesvirus, Perkinsus marinus and Bonamia exitiosa The exercise formed part of a project concerning aquaculture health management (Jacumar-GESAC) in Spain and is being used to help define sampling plans for disease monitoring using epidemiological and risk-based criteriaN

A Middle Palaeolithic wooden digging stick from Aranbaltza III, Spain

Aranbaltza is an archaeological complex formed by at least three open-air sites. Between 2014 and 2015 a test excavation carried out in Aranbaltza III revealed the presence of a sand and clay sedimentary sequence formed in floodplain environments, within which six sedimentary units have been identified. This sequence was formed between 137±50 ka, and includes several archaeological horizons, attesting to the long-term presence of Neanderthal communities in this area. One of these horizons, corresponding with Unit 4, yielded two wooden tools. One of these tools is a beveled pointed tool that was shaped through a complex operational sequence involving branch shaping, bark peeling, twig removal, shaping, polishing, thermal exposition and chopping. A use-wear analysis of the tool shows it to have traces related with digging soil so it has been interpreted as representing a digging stick. This is the first time such a tool has been identified in a European Late Middle Palaeolithic context; it also represents one of the first well-preserved Middle Palaeolithic wooden tool found in southern Europe. This artefact represents one of the few examples available of wooden tool preservation for the European Palaeolithic, allowing us to further explore the role wooden technologies played in Neanderthal communities

Proyecto, investigación e innovación en urbanismo, arquitectura y diseño industrial

Actas de congresoLas VII Jornadas de Investigación “Encuentro y Reflexión” y I Jornadas de Investigación de becarios y doctorandos. Proyecto, investigación e innovación en Urbanismo, Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial se centraron en cuatro ejes: el proyecto; la dimensión tecnológica y la gestión; la dimensión social y cultural y la enseñanza en Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño Industrial, sustentados en las líneas prioritarias de investigación definidas epistemológicamente en el Consejo Asesor de Ciencia y Tecnología de esta Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Con el objetivo de afianzar continuidad, formación y transferencia de métodos, metodología y recursos se incorporó becarios y doctorandos de los Institutos de investigación. La Comisión Honoraria la integraron las tres Secretarias de Investigación de la Facultad, arquitectas Marta Polo, quien fundó y María del Carmen Franchello y Nora Gutiérrez Crespo quienes continuaron la tradición de la buena práctica del debate en la cotidianeidad de la propia Facultad. Los textos que conforman las VII Jornadas son los avances y resultados de las investigaciones realizadas en el bienio 2016-2018.Fil: Novello, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Repiso, Luciana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Mir, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Brizuela, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Herrera, Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Períes, Lucas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Romo, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Gordillo, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Andrade, Elena Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; Argentin

Notifiable mollusc diseases in the EU

Workshop on fish diseases and their diagnostic procedures, Tirana (Albania), 27 abril 2010N

Estudio arqueométrico de la cerámica de los estilos Castillo Modelado e Inciso procedente de las Huacas de Moche y Huaca las Estrellas en el valle de Moche y Castillo de Tomabal en el valle de Virú

ABSTRACT The present investigation focuses on the comparative study of the ceramic material of the Castillo Modelado and Inciso styles from the archaeological sites Huacas de Moche, Huaca Las Estrellas and Castillo de Tomabal. The inclusion of clay samples from the Moche and Virú quarries was fundamental at the compositional level during the process of multivariate statistical analysis, after the application of the X-ray fluorescence analytical technique (FRX). The results showed that Castillo Modelado and Inciso styles were imported from the Virú Valley to sites in the Moche Valley such as Huacas de Moche and Huaca Las Estrellas, but then they were copied and produced locally. These styles would have an autonomous character in relation to the elitist Virú-Gallinazo and Mochica styles. Indeed, it would be a domestic ceramic tradition of the North Coast of Peru and, therefore, should not be considered by itself as a cultural marker to determine settlements of Viru-Gallinazo affiliation in the different valleys of the northern coast of Peru.RESUMEN La presente investigación se centra en el estudio comparativo del material cerámico de los estilos Castillo Modelado e Inciso procedente de los sitios arqueológicos Huacas de Moche, Huaca Las Estrellas y Castillo de Tomabal. La inclusión de muestras de arcillas de las canteras de Moche y Virú fue fundamental a nivel composicional durante el proceso del análisis estadístico multivariante, después de la aplicación de la técnica analítica de fluorescencia de rayos X (FRX). Los resultados permitieron evidenciar que los estilos Castillo Modelado e Inciso fueron importados del valle de Virú a sitios del valle de Moche como Huacas de Moche y Huaca Las Estrellas, pero luego fueron copiados y producidos localmente. Estos estilos tendrían un carácter autónomo en relación a los estilos elitistas Virú-Gallinazo y Mochica. Efectivamente, se trataría de una tradición cerámica doméstica de la Costa Norte del Perú y, por lo tanto, no debe ser considerada por sí sola como marcador cultural para determinar asentamientos de filiación Virú-Gallinazo en los diferentes valles de la costa norte del Perú.Tesi