Estructura poblacional del camarón nailon Heterocarpus reedi (Crustacea: Caridea) y su relación con variables ambientales frente a Chile

11 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables[EN] The population structure of fishery resources and the impact of environmental factors over its productivity are important processes to be considered in fisheriesmanagement. Environmental factors could determine both, the success of larval drift as the population spatial structure and its changes of biomass. In this paper we show the environmental effect over distribution, abundance and spatial structure of nylon shrimp population (Heterocarpus reedi) off central Chile (25°-37°S) from trawling surveys carried out between 1996 and 2011. Environmental variables considered where sea surface concentration of chlorophylla and dissolved organic matter. Results show a geographical separation in population around 32°S. Shrimp density is higher in the southern zone, where concentration of chlorophylla and dissolved organic matter are high due to presence of river tributaries and coastal upwelling zones. In this area, thebulk of the adult population is concentrated, which could act as >source> population and thereby its influence on larval drift could explain both, the preponderance of juveniles in the northern area as the smallest size of its population (“pseudo-sink” population). In the southern area, a process of spatial and bathymetric expansion had driven the increase in population size over time, where the colonization and individual somatic growth had been the main mechanisms. We found that periods of good environmental conditions explain high densities of shrimp with a delay of two years, which might be related mainly with larval survival and enhanced recruitment and somatic growth. The aim of this study was to understand the spatial-temporal variability of the nylon shrimp density in the study area[ES] La estructura poblacional de recursos de interés pesquero y el impacto de los factores ambientales sobre su productividad son procesos claves a considerar en la gestión pesquera. Los factores ambientales pueden determinar tanto el éxito de la deriva larval como la estructura espacial de la población y sus cambios de biomasa. Se muestra el efecto del medio ambiente sobre la distribución, abundancia y estructura espacial de la población de camarón nailon (Heterocarpus reedi) en Chile central (25°-37°S), considerando como variables la concentración de clorofila -a y la materia orgánica disuelta, respecto a los cruceros de arrastre realizados entre 1996 y 2011. Los resultados muestran una separación geográfica de la población alrededor de 32°S. En la zona sur, la densidad del camarón es mayor, donde los altos niveles de concentración de clorofila -a y de materia orgánica disuelta se deben, entre otros, a la presencia de afluentes de ríos y a surgencia costera. En esta área, se concentra la mayor parte de la población adulta, que podría actuar como población "fuente" y por lo tanto, su influencia en la deriva larval podría explicar tanto la preponderancia de juveniles en la zona norte, como el tamaño más pequeño de su población (población "pseudo-sumidero”). En la zona sur, un proceso de expansión espacial y batimétrica habría impulsado el aumento de tamaño de la población a través del tiempo, donde los principales mecanismos habrían sido la colonización y crecimiento somático individual. Se determinó que los períodos de buenas condiciones ambientales explican las altas densidades de camarones con un retraso de dos años, aspecto que estaría relacionado principalmente con la supervivencia larval, reclutamiento y crecimiento somático. El objetivo de este estudio es comprender la variabilidad espacio-temporal de la densidad de camarón nailon en el área de estudioWe thank the Fondo de Investigación Pesquera (FIP) of Chile for providing the data base related with trawl survey's information of nylon shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi) carried out in central-south of Chile between 1996 and 2011Peer Reviewe

Juan Fernandez Islands (Chile) Living Marine Resources and Fishery Perspective

This paper is an attempt to summarize our actual knowledge about the marine resources available in the area. It also analyzes the situation of the fishery and the principal aspects involved in a possible plan for an integral fisheries development of the Oceanic region around the islands. This plan could maintain the tradition of artisanal fishery by considering their unique characteristics

By-catch associated with fisheries of Heterocarpus vicarius (Costa Rica) and Heterocarpus reedi (Chile) (Decapoda: Pandalidae): a six-year study (2004-2009)

artículo (arbitrado) -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), 2013Growing concern about the quantity and diversity of by-catch species caught in the bottom trawling nets of crustacean fisheries led us to compare the quantity of by-catch recorded in Chilean and Costa Rican deep-water shrimp fisheries by year, latitude, and bathymetry. We analyzed catches from 2143 trawl hauls between 2004 and 2009 from the fisheries of the northern nylon shrimp,Heterocarpus vicarius, and the kolibri shrimp,Solenocera agassizii, off Costa Rica and the Chilean nylon shrimp, Heterocarpus reedi, off Chile. A catch index was estimated to determine the quantity of by-catch retained for each kilogram of shrimp. The by-catch associated with the shrimp fisheries of Costa Rica and Chile was mainly fishes and crustaceans; by-catch species diversity was considerably higher in Costa Rica compared to that of Chile. In Chile, catches of H. reediand by-catch were greater in the central and southern zone, whereas in Costa Rica, catches of shrimp (H. vicarius, S. agassizii) and by-catch were higher in the central zone. In terms of bathymetry, the largest catches of shrimp and by-catch came from the deep stratum (between 251 and 400 m) for both countries; the by-catch was noticeably larger in this stratum in Costa Rica. The catch index revealed that for every 1 kg of shrimp caught in Costa Rica, 5.7 kg of by-catch were caught; in Chile, this ratio was 1.1:1. However, the projected global by-catch was considerably higher for the fishery forH. reedithan for that ofH. vicarius,which is related to the landed volumes of the target species in Costa Rica and Chile. The encouraging results in the H. reedi-fishery concerning technical measures to reduce by-catch and discards rates should be also considered for Central American deep-water shrimp fisheries.The authors (PA and JCO) thank the Fondo de Investigación Pesquera (FIP) for funding the fishery assessment projects carried out off the central coast of Chile and for the availability of the data bases used to develop the present project. The researchers from Costa Rica (ISW, VNM and FVR) are thankful to the company The Rainbow Jewels, S.A., Puntarenas, for their ongoing support for monitoring the deepwater resources of Pacific Costa Rica. Likewise, thanks a lot to the captains (Rigo and Esteban: “Mecate”), crews of the shrimp trawlers ONUVA and SULTANA, and all the students who helped us with the collection and handling of the samples. Financial support was made available from the German company Ristic AG, Oberferrieden, the Costa Rican company The Rainbow Jewels S.A., Puntarenas, and the University of Costa Rica (projects V.I. No. 111-A4-508, V.I. No. 808-A9-536 and V.I. No. 808-A9-537). Additional funding was provided by the “Program University – Enterprise for Sustainable Development” (PUEDES) of the Council of Central American Universities (CSUCA), the German Society for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) and the University of Kassel, Germany. Furthermore, we are grateful for the logistic support provided by the Center of Marine Research and Limnology (CIMAR) and the School of Biology, University of Costa Rica. We are grateful to Ing. Álvaro De Caso for his collaboration with the statistical analysis of the fishery data. Danielle Barriga and Tayler Clarke revised and improved the English, which is greatly appreciated. Finally, we are thankful to Raquel Romero-Emilia, who helped us to prepare the final version of the figures.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR

Epidemiology of Immune-Mediated Glomerulopathies before and after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Tertiary Referral Hospital Experience

SARS-CoV-2; Immune-mediated glomerulopathy; VaccineSARS-CoV-2; Glomerulopatía inmunomediada; VacunaSARS-CoV-2; Glomerulopatia immunomediada; VacunaBackground: Vaccination is a known trigger for the appearance of immune-mediated glomerulopathies (IMG). The appearance of IMG after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with suspected causality has been described. Our aim is to analyze the incidence of IMG flares before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in our center. Methods: All persons with native kidney biopsy (KB) from January 2019 to March 2022 in our center were included in the study. We compared the incidence of IMG before and after the start of vaccination. We also collected information about whether the patients had received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine or have suffered from COVID in the six weeks before the IMG. We also evaluated the analytical characteristics of the outbreaks. Results: A total of 386 KB were studied. Of them, 86/218 (39.4%) were IMG performed pre- and 85/168 (50.6%) post-SV (029). The incidence of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), studied separately, was also significantly increased post-vaccination (n = 18 (10.7%)) compared to pre-vaccination (n = 11 (5%)) (p = 0.036). There were no differences in the incidence of vasculitis or IgA nephropathy. Up to 17 (20%) flares occurred 6 weeks before SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and only 2 (2.4%) within the first 6 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Within those 17 flares, the most common diagnosis was IgAN (n = 5 (29.4%)); a total of 14 (82.4%) received an mRNA vaccine and 9 (52.9%) took place after the 1st vaccine dose. There were 13 cases of minimal change disease (MCD) with debut/recurrence pre-SV and 20 MCD with debut/recurrence post-SV (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The incidence of IMG, INS and MCD flares in our center increased significantly after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Importantly, 20% of IMG flares took place within the first 6 weeks after receiving a vaccine dose, with the first dose being the riskiest one and IgAN the most frequent diagnosis.This research was funded by ISCIIII-FEDER and ISCIII-RETICS REDinREN, grant numbers PI17/00257, PI21/01292, RICORS RD21/0005/0016, Marató TV3 2020 421/C/2020, Marató TV3 2021 215/C/2021, and ERA-PerMed-JTC 2022 (ONAKI-ICI AC22/00029)

The impact of deep-sea fisheries and implementation of the UNGA Resolutions 61/105 and 64/72. Report of an international scientific workshop, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton

The scientific workshop to review fisheries management, held in Lisbon in May 2011, brought together 22 scientists and fisheries experts from around the world to consider the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolutions on high seas bottom fisheries: what progress has been made and what the outstanding issues are. This report summarises the workshop conclusions, identifying examples of good practice and making recommendations in areas where it was agreed that the current management measures fall short of their target.Peer reviewe

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Chilean jagged lobster, Projasus bahamondei, in the southeastern Pacific Ocean: current state of knowledge

The Chilean jagged lobster (Projasus bahamondei) is a deep-water crustacean (175-550 m) occurring in certain areas of the southeastern Pacific Ocean, including the Nazca Ridge, Desventuradas Islands, the Juan Fernandez archipelago and ridge, and the continental slope off the central coast of Chile. This review describes the taxonomic status, geographical and bathymetric distribution, some biological aspects and habitat characteristics of this species. Additionally, both artisanal and industrial exploitation attempts made within the region are detailed, as well as fishing operation results, chemical composition, different elaboration procedures and the destination of the catch. The main objectives of this review are to contribute to the knowledge of P. bahamondei as a component of the deep-sea ecosystem and to highlight its importance as a potential fishery resource

Ancient fishing activities developed in Easter Island

Easter Island, Rapa Nui or Te pito o te henua, is in the middle of the Pacific Ocean halfway between South America and Oceania, constituting one of the most isolated places on the planet. It was colonized by Polynesians at the end of the first millennium of the Christian era, thus becoming one of the extremes of the Polynesian triangle. The island is of volcanic origin, has a small surface area (166 km²) and limited resources, and gave rise to a culture that is unique in the world, recognized internationally for its numerous megalithic constructions and large moai. Just as it was discovered and colonized by sea, the development and sustainability of the island is closely related to the ocean that surrounds it. The objective of this article is to describe the sailing and fishing techniques used by the Easter Islanders, or rapanuis, and their use of marine organisms prior to contact with Europeans, demonstrating their inventiveness and adaptation to the specific characteristics of this small territory