Immunohistochemical analysis of an ectopic endometriosis in the uterine round ligament

A rare case of the inguinal endometriosis was reported with immunohistochemical analysis. A 28-year-old woman had a thumb-sized tumor in the right groin for two years with a gradual increase in size and pain. An operation revealed an elastic hard tumor with an unclear margin and adhesion to the uterine round ligament. The histology showed irregular proliferation of the endometrial glands and stroma. The glandular epithelium stained weakly positive against CD125 antibody and the stromal matrix stained strongly positive against CD10 antibody. The nucleus in both the epithelial and stromal cells stained strongly positive against progesterone and estrogen receptor antibodies, and the cytoplasm in both types of cells stained moderately positive against COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) antibody. In conclusion, the combination of estrogen or progesterone receptor antibody for the nucleus and CD10 or COX-2 antibody for the cytoplasm could enhance the accuracy of diagnosis for ectopic endometriosis

Bicyclic-ammonium-incorporated ylidic nitrogen groups for strong π-electron donation in push–pull benzene π-conjugated systems

Dialkylamino groups are electrically neutral π-electron-donating groups (πEDGs) typically used in push–pull benzene π-conjugated systems to shift their absorption toward longer wavelengths. To push the upper limit of the π-electron donation imposed by the dialkylamino groups while maintaining the neutral net electric charge, we developed novel ylidic nitrogen-based πEDGs, (quinuclidinio)amidyl (QA) and (1-azanorbornio)amidyl (ANA) groups, which were introduced to push–pull benzenes through nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The bicyclic ammonium structures incorporated in these groups enhanced their thermal stability and π-electron-donating ability. The QA and ANA groups donate more π-electrons than the pyrrolidinyl group, as demonstrated by comparing their σ+DCM values and conducting a competitive electrophilic bromination experiment. Changing the pyrrolidinyl group to the QA or ANA group achieved a bathochromic shift of 45–100 nm in the maximum absorption wavelength, depending on the push–pull π-conjugated system investigated (p-nitrobenzene, 1,8-naphthalimide, and an azo dye)