Implementation Of Criminal Sanctions Against Crime Mining Potential Effects Without Permission For Deterrent Effect (Study On Jurisdiction Central Java Regional Police)

This study, entitled "Implementation of Criminal Sanctions Against Crime Mining Potential Effects Without Permission For Deterrent Effect (Study In Region Central Java Regional Police)". Based on the description in this thesis, that will be examined are: 1). How does the application of criminal sanctions against the crime of mining without a license in the jurisdiction of the Central Java Regional Police? 2). Is it true that criminal sanctions against mining without permission a criminal offense can be a deterrent effect? 3). How the barriers and solutions so the application of criminal sanctions against the crime of mining can be a deterrent effect?The study concluded that: 1). Penal provisions against the crimes mining unlicensed / illegal mining regulated in Act Number 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal, under Article 158, Article 160 Paragraph (1) and Paragraph (2), Article 161, Article 163 Paragraph ( 1) and Paragraph (2), and Article 164. 2). Act Mineral and Coal just set the maximum threat. This is impacting on the demands of the Public Prosecutor and the decision to be handed down by the judge. In the absence of a minimum penalty, the prosecutors and the judge may impose demands and the decision to a penalty is low, so it is feared not give deterrent effect to the perpetrators of illegal mining. 3). Mining Law there are four (4) weakness which some contradictory to each other, namely: a). In Article 169 (a) regarding the validity of the Contract of Work. b). Act Number 4 Of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining (Mining Law) are not set on the Mining Authority (KP). c). Mining Law regulates the obligation of business entities and IUPK IUP holders whose shares are owned by foreign investors to divest shares. d). Mining Law makes the shifting patterns of relationship between the government and mining entrepreneurs. Mining Law regulates the obligation of business entities and IUPK IUP holders whose shares are owned by foreign investors to divest shares. d). Mining Law makes the shifting patterns of relationship between the government and mining entrepreneurs. Mining Law regulates the obligation of business entities and IUPK IUP holders whose shares are owned by foreign investors to divest shares. d). Mining Law makes the shifting patterns of relationship between the government and mining entrepreneurs.Keywords: Sanctions; Criminal Act; Mining

Antibacterial Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Four Medicinal Plants

       The present study was undertaken to investigate the antibacterial activity and to find the biologically active functional groups of four medicinal plants. The ethanolic extracts which were obtained by maceration were tested against in vitro five bacterial strains, using cup-plate agar diffusion method. Preliminary phytochemical screening techniques were also used to test for the presence and nature of the active constituents in these plant extracts.      Extracts of the plants; Adansonia digitata, Eucalyptus globulus and Trigonella foenum graecum showed a remarkable antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains. Meanwhile, the ethanolic extract of Ficus sycomorous exhibited a considerable antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of terpenes, tannins and saponins in all tested plant extracts, whereas alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were found in appreciable amounts in extracts Trigonella foenum graecum and Adansonia digitata respectively.       It can be concluded that the tested plants demonstrating broad spectra of activity which may help to discover new chemical classes of antibiotics that could serve as selective agents for the maintenance of health

Interactive Da’wah Medium during Crisis in Malaysia

The COVID-19 pandemic and floods have become a challenge to Malaysia's conventional Islamic da'wah efforts. Thus, this qualitative case study was conducted in a semi-structured interview with the selected Malaysian da'wah experts to identify the concept and usage of interactive da'wah medium and the suitability of infographics during the crisis. The findings demonstrated that interactive da'wah mediums are two-way (between the da'i/data and mad'u), with static information transformed into dynamic visuals through infographics and videography, making it suitable during a crisis. It is easily accessible through modern gadgets, easy to understand and remember, and attractive to the general public

Infographics as an alternative da’wah medium during Covid-19 crisis

Infographics are visual representations of complex information or data created by combining elements such as symbols, graphics, shapes, pictures, texts and illustrations to present information in a simple, concise and easy to understand manner that piques the reader’s or viewer’s interest. Based on these criteria, infographics are deemed highly suitable for use as a medium for contemporary da’wah in an age of media centralization, particularly among the young. The current COVID-19 pandemic has severely harmed traditional preaching and learning through lectures and talks in mosques and suraus, particularly in our country, Malaysia. This is due to the strict enforcement of the Movement Control Order (MCO), which limits movement and mass gathering with strict Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and suspends all religious activities. In order to overcome obstacles to preaching, we must creatively diversify the method of da’wah based on the concept of murunah (flexibility), which is the foundation of Islamic tasawwur in implementing Shariah. Thus, the objectives of this study are to (i) explain the idea of ICT-based da’wah, (ii) analyse the concept of infographics and multimedia in da’wah, and (iii) summarise the community’s perspective of infographics as an interactive da’wah medium. This study employed exploratory sequential mixed methods, beginning with a qualitative literature review using content analysis, followed by quantitative perception questionnaire, analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings of the study finds that an average of 91.3% of the respondents agreed that infographics represent a significantly suitable form of visual information through social media for most people, especially during the COVID-19 crisis for the continuity of Islamic da’wah

PENGARUH BEBERAPA JENIS BAHAN ORGANIK TERHADAP HASIL TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa L) METODE SRI (the System of Rice Intensification)

Penelitian tentang pengaruh beberapa jenis bahan organik terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L) metode SRI (the System of Rice Intensification) telah dilaksanakan di Sungai Bangek, Kelurahan Balai Gadang, Padang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis bahan organik yang berpengaruh lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman padi metode SRI. Penelitian ini disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut terdiri dari : sampah kota, kotoran ayam, thitonia dan jerami padi. Dosis masing-masingnya adalah 5 ton/ha. Data penelitian, dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji F dan F hitung yang lebih besar dari nilai F tabel 5 % maka dilanjutkan dengan Duncan`s Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) pada taraf nyata 5 %. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan jenis bahan organik sampah kota, kotoran ayam, thitonia dan jerami padi memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap hasil tanaman padi dengan metode SRI

Thermolabile Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Polymorphism and Homocysteine Are Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in Moroccan Population

Increased plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels have been shown to be a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T (MTHFR C677T) polymorphism has been reported to be a strong predictor of mild hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy). We assessed whether this mutation was associated with increased risk of CAD and plasma levels of tHcy. We also evaluated interactions between this polymorphism, mild elevated tHcy levels and conventional risk factors of CAD. Method. Using PCR-RFLP analysis, we studied the frequency of the C677T genotypes and its effect on CAD and on tHcy concentrations in 400 subjects without and with CAD angiographically confirmed. There were 210 subjects with CAD and 190 subjects without CAD. Results. The frequencies of the C677T genotypes were 53% (59.5% in controls versus 48.1% in cases), 34.8% (32.1 in controls versus 37.1 in cases), and 11.8% (8.4% in controls versus 14.8% in cases), respectively, for 677CC, 677CT, and 677TT. The genotype frequencies were significantly different between case and control groups (P < .05). The 677T allele enhances the risk of CAD associated to HHcy (P < .01). In multivariate analysis models, MTHFR C677T polymorphism effect on CAD was masked by other risk factors. HHcy was only and independently influenced by MTHFR polymorphism and smoking habits, and it is a strong predictor of CAD independently of conventional risk factors. Conclusion. Our data suggest that HHcy is strongly and independently associated to CAD risk increase; and MTHFR C677T polymorphism and smoking habits were the main predictors of tHcy levels. The CAD risk increase is mainly associated with mild HHcy in 677TT, whereas in 677CT and 677CC it is mainly associated with the conventional risk factors

Potential application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis method on Malaysian road crash data

By allowing the movement of commodities and people, road transportation benefits both nations and people. This provides improved access to work opportunities, educational attainment, recreation, and healthcare, all of which have a direct and indirect influence on people. The influence on road transportation, on the other hand, has a detrimental impact on people's health. When addressing road traffic accidents, it is common known that it has merely become a global pandemic, with over a million people dying on the road each year. Malaysia, as a growing country, has identified road safety as a major issue that must be addressed. Reliable road safety statistics are critical for comprehending, assessing, and monitoring the nature and scope of the road safety problem and its solutions, for setting ambitious but realistic safety targets, for designing and implementing effective road safety policies, and for monitoring their success. Several approaches are presently utilized by road safety researchers to produce road safety indicators. In Malaysia, nearly all decisions made by the country's higher authorities to enhance road safety are based on data supplied by relevant stakeholders. As a result, having the proper application of analysis as well as the trustworthiness of the data itself is critical. This article will give a review of the possible use of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Analysis technique on traffic road collision data and what it may provide to assist monitor or forecast road safety issues, specifically in Malaysia. A new era in the field of road accident investigation is being ushered in by the development and application of analytical methodologies, which are creating previously unimaginable situations. Due to the convergence of recent advancements in accident research models and the availability of potentially new sources of traffic data, this paradigm shift has been made possible. The study of road crashes has benefited significantly from the development of more advanced data processing methodologies and frameworks, thus the researchers will able to extract significant conclusions from the study of traffic data thanks to the application of these approaches

General beekeeping practices and main stressors identified by beekeepers in the Mediterranean

Beekeeping is an ecologically and economically important activity in the Mediterranean that is increasingly under threat from a combination of factors. In the MEDIBEES (Monitoring the Mediterranean honey bee subspecies and their resilience to climate change for the improvement of sustainable agro-ecosystems) PRIMA project we aim to identify honey bees that show resilience to stressors associated with climate change. An important first step in our work was to establish baseline data of practices in the region through the administering of a questionnaire on the beekeeping practices. Over 1022 responses were received from beekeepers in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Italy, Lebanon, Malta, Spain, Portugal and Turkey. Beekeeping was overwhelmingly male dominated (ratio 9:1) and practiced largely by the middle-aged (mainly between 40-50 years). The majority of beekeepers reported having 10-50 boxes with the exceptions of Algeria and Jordan where the majority reported keeping more than 100 hive boxes. Across the Mediterranean the Langstroth hive box was most commonly used. Despite the perception of migratory beekeeping being frequently practiced, only Lebanon and Turkey reported significant levels of transhumance (>50.0 and 70.0% of beekeepers respectively). 51.2% of beekeepers reported practicing queen rearing with the majority of these (51.4%) reporting re-queening their colonies every 2 years. Interestingly, the majority of all beekeepers agreed with the statement that their native honey bee is endangered where pesticide use, lack of adequate forage and parasite infestations such as the Varroa mite were repeatedly cited as causing the greatest losses to honey bees in general. Climate change and urbanisation were also linked with colony losses by causing habitat loss. Supplementary feeding was reported to be an integral part of beekeeping in this region, with beekeepers reporting using between 0-5kg, closely followed by 6-10 kg of additional sugars.MEDIBEES part of the PRIMA programme supported by the European Unioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia: Comparing Case and Control Hospitals

Healthcare workers (HCWs) stand at the frontline for fighting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This puts them at higher risk of acquiring the infection than other individuals in the community. Defining immunity status among health care workers is therefore of interest since it helps to mitigate the exposure risk. This study was conducted between May 20th and 30th, 2020. Eighty-five hospitals across Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were divided into 2 groups: COVID-19 referral hospitals are those to which RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were admitted or referred for management (Case-hospitals). COVID-19 nonaffected hospitals where no COVID-19 patients had been admitted or managed and no HCW outbreak (Control hospitals). Next, seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among HCWs was evaluated; there were 12,621 HCWs from the 85 hospitals. There were 61 case-hospitals with 9379 (74.3%) observations, and 24 control-hospitals with 3242 (25.7%) observations. The overall positivity rate by the immunoassay was 299 (2.36%) with a significant difference between the case-hospital (2.9%) and the control-group (0.8%) (P value <0.001). There was a wide variation in the positivity rate between regions and/or cities in Saudi Arabia, ranging from 0% to 6.31%. Of the serology positive samples, 100 samples were further tested using the SAS2pp neutralization assay; 92 (92%) samples showed neutralization activity. The seropositivity rate in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is low and varies across different regions with higher positivity in case-hospitals than control-hospitals. The lack of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) in 8% of the tested samples could mean that assay is a more sensitive assay or that neutralization assay has a lower detection limits; or possibly that some samples had cross-reaction to spike protein of other coronaviruses in the assay, but these were not specific to neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with obesity and prevalent heart failure: a prespecified analysis of the SELECT trial

Background: Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, reduces the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in people with overweight or obesity, but the effects of this drug on outcomes in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure are unknown. We report a prespecified analysis of the effect of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2·4 mg on ischaemic and heart failure cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to investigate if semaglutide was beneficial in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with a history of heart failure compared with placebo; if there was a difference in outcome in patients designated as having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; and if the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in patients with heart failure was related to baseline characteristics or subtype of heart failure. Methods: The SELECT trial was a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled, event-driven phase 3 trial in 41 countries. Adults aged 45 years and older, with a BMI of 27 kg/m2 or greater and established cardiovascular disease were eligible for the study. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) with a block size of four using an interactive web response system in a double-blind manner to escalating doses of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide over 16 weeks to a target dose of 2·4 mg, or placebo. In a prespecified analysis, we examined the effect of semaglutide compared with placebo in patients with and without a history of heart failure at enrolment, subclassified as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, or unclassified heart failure. Endpoints comprised MACE (a composite of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and cardiovascular death); a composite heart failure outcome (cardiovascular death or hospitalisation or urgent hospital visit for heart failure); cardiovascular death; and all-cause death. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03574597. Findings: Between Oct 31, 2018, and March 31, 2021, 17 604 patients with a mean age of 61·6 years (SD 8·9) and a mean BMI of 33·4 kg/m2 (5·0) were randomly assigned to receive semaglutide (8803 [50·0%] patients) or placebo (8801 [50·0%] patients). 4286 (24·3%) of 17 604 patients had a history of investigator-defined heart failure at enrolment: 2273 (53·0%) of 4286 patients had heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, 1347 (31·4%) had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and 666 (15·5%) had unclassified heart failure. Baseline characteristics were similar between patients with and without heart failure. Patients with heart failure had a higher incidence of clinical events. Semaglutide improved all outcome measures in patients with heart failure at random assignment compared with those without heart failure (hazard ratio [HR] 0·72, 95% CI 0·60-0·87 for MACE; 0·79, 0·64-0·98 for the heart failure composite endpoint; 0·76, 0·59-0·97 for cardiovascular death; and 0·81, 0·66-1·00 for all-cause death; all pinteraction&gt;0·19). Treatment with semaglutide resulted in improved outcomes in both the heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HR 0·65, 95% CI 0·49-0·87 for MACE; 0·79, 0·58-1·08 for the composite heart failure endpoint) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction groups (0·69, 0·51-0·91 for MACE; 0·75, 0·52-1·07 for the composite heart failure endpoint), although patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction had higher absolute event rates than those with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. For MACE and the heart failure composite, there were no significant differences in benefits across baseline age, sex, BMI, New York Heart Association status, and diuretic use. Serious adverse events were less frequent with semaglutide versus placebo, regardless of heart failure subtype. Interpretation: In patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diease and overweight or obesity, treatment with semaglutide 2·4 mg reduced MACE and composite heart failure endpoints compared with placebo in those with and without clinical heart failure, regardless of heart failure subtype. Our findings could facilitate prescribing and result in improved clinical outcomes for this patient group. Funding: Novo Nordisk