Performance Analysis of On-Demand Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently gained a lot of popularity due to their rapid deployment and instant communication capabilities. WMNs are dynamically self-organizing, self-configuring and self-healing with the nodes in the network automatically establishing an adiej hoc network and preserving the mesh connectivity. Designing a routing protocol for WMNs requires several aspects to consider, such as wireless networks, fixed applications, mobile applications, scalability, better performance metrics, efficient routing within infrastructure, load balancing, throughput enhancement, interference, robustness etc. To support communication, various routing protocols are designed for various networks (e.g. ad hoc, sensor, wired etc.). However, all these protocols are not suitable for WMNs, because of the architectural differences among the networks. In this paper, a detailed simulation based performance study and analysis is performed on the reactive routing protocols to verify the suitability of these protocols over such kind of networks. Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) routing protocol are considered as the representative of reactive routing protocols. The performance differentials are investigated using varying traffic load and number of source. Based on the simulation results, how the performance of each protocol can be improved is also recommended.Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), IEEE 802.11s, AODV, DSR, DYMO

Deployment challenges of MIPV6

PDA). laptop. notebook. digital camera. microwave woven, refrigerator, security sensors,car. webcam. washing machine, television. toaster etc. are facilitated with the Internet connection. To connect all these devices with the Internet. Internet Protocol version 4 (lPv4) was designed in 1970 [I].When IPv4 was designed, mobility of a device did not consider for its gigantic size. However, as the technology advances, electronic devices become smaller and portable. Among these devices. the mobile handsets arc increasing rapidly anlund the world. Mobile users demand not only better Quality of Services (QoS) but also seamless and uninterrupted communication. To provide satisfactory services to the mobile users, Internet Engineers Task Force (lETF) has been developed Mobile Internet Protocol (~1IP) protocol [2]. MIP can be categorized into two paI1s. the existing MIP version 4 (~1IPv4) and coming MIPv6. MIPv4 was developed during 1993 to 1998 [3]. The address length ofIPv4 is 32 bits (2'2) that has around 4 billion address spaces. In figure 13.1 [4]. it depicts that IPv4 can only accommodate 4 billion of users where the current population of the world is around 7 billion and it is increasing linearl

MEDICINAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANTS MENTIONED IN HADITH LITERATURE AND CONTEMPORARY TIMES: AN ANALYSIS

Several kinds of plants and herbs are found in different regions of the world. All the plants have significant economic, environmental, nutritional, and medicinal value. Many plants and herbs with medicinal properties have been mentioned in the hadith literature. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) has advised using various plants in His sayings as a remedy for illness. According to modern scientific reports, Plants contain carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. Plants are be have been used to cure diseases from the beginning of man`s history. Cure and diseases have a deep relationship with each other. With the passage of time health curative system was updated by hadith literature. Plants with their medicinal values and pharmacological actions can be seen in the holy sayings of the prophet Muhammad (SAW). Herbal medicines are considered hope and a symbol of safety for humanity. In fact, people are returning to the natural cure for diseases in the current pandemic environment. our major objective of this study is to highlight the importance, nutritional and medicinal properties of some selected herbs and plants mentioned in hadith literature. Furthermore, this research analyzes ingredients, plants' classification, and the natural cures of diseases in contemporary times

Performance analysis of on-demand routing protocols in wireless mesh networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently gained a lot of popularity due to their rapid deployment and instant communication capabilities. WMNs are dynamically self-organizing, self-configuring and self-healing with the nodes in the network automatically establishing an adiej hoc network and preserving the mesh connectivity. Designing a routing protocol for WMNs requires several aspects to consider, such as wireless networks, fixed applications, mobile applications, scalability, better performance metrics, efficient routing within infrastructure, load balancing, throughput enhancement, interference, robustness etc. To support communication, various routing protocols are designed for various networks (e.g. ad hoc, sensor, wired etc.). However, all these protocols are not suitable for WMNs, because of the architectural differences among the networks. In this paper, a detailed simulation based performance study and analysis is performed on the reactive routing protocols to verify the suitability of these protocols over such kind of networks. Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) routing protocol are considered as the representative of reactive routing protocols. The performance differentials are investigated using varying traffic load and number of source. Based on the simulation results, how the performance of each protocol can be improved is also recommended

Learning Algorithm effect on Multilayer Feed Forward Artificial Neural Network performance in image coding

One of the essential factors that affect the performance of Artificial Neural Networks is the learning algorithm. The performance of Multilayer Feed Forward Artificial Neural Network performance in image compression using different learning algorithms is examined in this paper. Based on Gradient Descent, Conjugate Gradient, Quasi-Newton techniques three different error back propagation algorithms have been developed for use in training two types of neural networks, a single hidden layer network and three hidden layers network. The essence of this study is to investigate the most efficient and effective training methods for use in image compression and its subsequent applications. The obtained results show that the Quasi-Newton based algorithm has better performance as compared to the other two algorithms