Civil society as a culturological category

The study is devoted to the current problems of studying civil society by means of culturology. The processes of formation of civil society as a culturological category are highlighted; its place and role in social development, as well as various interpretations of this sociocultural phenomenon, are considered. A fairly unambiguous understanding of the prerequisites of citizenship in the context of political culture and the culture of social interaction is proposed. The main problem situations that hinder the development of the civic activity of the population and their overcoming using the possibilities of state cultural policy are highlighted. A significant place in the study is devoted to the potential of civil society as a sociocultural mechanism of the relationship between the state and society, the institutional reality of the “systemic world” and the culture of everyday life, formed mainly in the space of the “lifeworld”.The morphology of civil society as a specific social formation and its cultural potential, which is associated mainly with the implementation of axiological components in social and civic activity in modern society, are analyzed. It also compares the understanding of the civil society in Western countries and the Russian experience of civil life. Further prospects for the study of civil society are outlined in the direction of searching for a synthesis of Russian and foreign experience in the formation and development of civil culture.

Monitoramento dos estudos de satisfação de universitários graduados quanto à qualidade da educação: as principais abordagens

Introduction. The article actualizes the problem of monitoring the qualitative indicators of higher education in modern Russian universities. The opportunities for monitoring to identify the levels of university graduates’ satisfaction with the obtained education considering the rapidly changing socio-cultural and economic conditions are disclosed. Goal: substantiation of heuristic possibilities for monitoring the quality of higher education in accordance with the social demand. Methods. At the basis of the study methodology lies the systemic approach allowing the authors to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the specific features of monitoring. The analysis, generalization, and classification of the main indicators constituting the foundation for the study of university graduates’ satisfaction with the quality of education are conducted. Results. The article presents the results of monitoring studies and proposes a classification of methodological and methodical approaches to the study of the topic. Scientific novelty. The topic of monitoring university graduates’ satisfaction with the quality of education allows the authors to explore the main relevant problems of modern universities and disclose the potential of higher education. Practical significance. The acquired study results can be used in further research, scientific and methodical developments, and project activity aimed at improving students’ satisfaction with the educational process and promote the quality of pedagogical work.Introducción. El artículo actualiza el problema del seguimiento de los indicadores cualitativos de la educación superior en las universidades rusas modernas. Se divulgan las oportunidades de monitoreo para identificar los niveles de satisfacción de los egresados universitarios con la educación obtenida considerando las condiciones socioculturales y económicas rápidamente cambiantes. Objetivo: fundamentar las posibilidades heurísticas para monitorear la calidad de la educación superior de acuerdo con la demanda social. Métodos. En la base de la metodología del estudio se encuentra el enfoque sistémico que permite a los autores realizar un análisis integral de las características específicas del seguimiento. Se realiza el análisis, generalización y clasificación de los principales indicadores que constituyen la base del estudio de la satisfacción de los egresados universitarios con la calidad de la educación. Resultados. El artículo presenta los resultados de estudios de seguimiento y propone una clasificación de enfoques metodológicos y metódicos para el estudio del tema. Novedad científica. El tema del monitoreo de la satisfacción de los graduados universitarios con la calidad de la educación permite a los autores explorar los principales problemas relevantes de las universidades modernas y revelar el potencial de la educación superior. Significado práctico. Los resultados del estudio adquiridos se pueden utilizar en futuras investigaciones, desarrollos científicos y metódicos y actividades de proyectos destinadas a mejorar la satisfacción de los estudiantes con el proceso educativo y promover la calidad del trabajo pedagógico.Introdução. O artigo atualiza o problema do monitoramento dos indicadores qualitativos do ensino superior nas modernas universidades russas. São divulgadas as oportunidades de monitoramento para identificar os níveis de satisfação dos graduados universitários com a educação obtida, considerando as condições sócio-culturais e econômicas em rápida mudança. Objetivo: comprovação das possibilidades heurísticas de monitoramento da qualidade do ensino superior de acordo com a demanda social. Métodos. Na base da metodologia de estudo está a abordagem sistêmica que permite aos autores conduzir uma análise abrangente das características específicas do monitoramento. A análise, generalização e classificação dos principais indicadores que constituem a base para o estudo da satisfação dos graduados universitários com a qualidade do ensino são conduzidos. Resultados. O artigo apresenta os resultados dos estudos de monitoramento e propõe uma classificação das abordagens metodológicas e metódicas para o estudo do tema. Novidade científica. O tema do monitoramento da satisfação dos graduados universitários com a qualidade do ensino permite aos autores explorar os principais problemas relevantes das universidades modernas e divulgar o potencial do ensino superior. Significado prático. Os resultados do estudo adquirido podem ser utilizados em pesquisas posteriores, desenvolvimentos científicos e metodológicos e atividades de projeto que visem melhorar a satisfação dos estudantes com o processo educacional e promover a qualidade do trabalho pedagógico

Serum nesfatin in overweight and obese children

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the most common children diseases. In present time it is being actively studied the natural hormones role in the pathogenesis of obesity. AIMS: To determine the relationship between serum nesfatin level with impaired lipid metabolism in school age children with overweight and obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included children with overweight and obesity («case») and healthy children with normal body mass («control») aged 9 to 15 years. All children were determined by concentration in cholesterol blood and its factions, apoA-1, apoB. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Bio Human Nesfatin Enzyme Immunoassay Kit). RESULTS: Groups of patients with overweight and obesity (n = 53) and healthy children (n = 31) were comparable by age and sex. In obese children, a significant decrease in the level of nesfatin-1 was revealed compared with the group with normal body weight. In cases of children obesity there is a marked decrease in the concentration of nesfatin-1 in serum, especially expressed in the dyslipidemia presence. The nesfatin-1 level are negatively correlated to BMI and body fat content. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data suggest that along with the known key role of nesfatin in the regulation of eating behavior and appetite, it also affects anthropometric indicators, primarily associated with the accumulation of excess fat mass. Based on the data obtained, nesfatin-1 should be considered as a possible marker for the development of obesity in children

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.This study was funded by: - The UK Medical Research Council (grant number MR/V034057/1) - The Wellcome Trust (Pathways to Equitable Healthy Cities grant 209376/Z/17/Z). - The AstraZeneca Young Health Programme and the European Commission (STOP project through EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement 774548)

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022 : a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

A list of authors and their affiliations appears online. A supplementary appendix is herewith attached.Background: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods: We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings: From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation: The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.peer-reviewe

Green economy as a vector of building and development of smart cities

The vector of smart city development is power-efficient and low-carbon policy (strategy) within the framework of the green economy. Sustainable development and green growth of cities can be provided by active growth of the human capital owing to creative, innovative ideas, approaches and solutions. Idea creators should be prepared in the best green gymnasiums, universities, academies. Energy saving and energy efficiency, besides creation of conditions required for innovations in the main parts of economy, will considerably reduce the risks of climate change and natural and man-made disasters related to it. It will introduce considerable additional contribution into the development of smart cities

Green economy as a vector of building and development of smart cities

The vector of smart city development is power-efficient and low-carbon policy (strategy) within the framework of the green economy. Sustainable development and green growth of cities can be provided by active growth of the human capital owing to creative, innovative ideas, approaches and solutions. Idea creators should be prepared in the best green gymnasiums, universities, academies. Energy saving and energy efficiency, besides creation of conditions required for innovations in the main parts of economy, will considerably reduce the risks of climate change and natural and man-made disasters related to it. It will introduce considerable additional contribution into the development of smart cities

Green economy as a vector of building and development of smart cities

The vector of smart city development is power-efficient and low-carbon policy (strategy) within the framework of the green economy. Sustainable development and green growth of cities can be provided by active growth of the human capital owing to creative, innovative ideas, approaches and solutions. Idea creators should be prepared in the best green gymnasiums, universities, academies. Energy saving and energy efficiency, besides creation of conditions required for innovations in the main parts of economy, will considerably reduce the risks of climate change and natural and man-made disasters related to it. It will introduce considerable additional contribution into the development of smart cities

Cardiac Tumor in Newborn as the Marker of Tuberous Sclerosis: Clinical Case

Background. The most common cardiac tumor in children is rhabdomyoma. Its frequency is 58.3% in the early neonatal period. Rhabdomyoma is associate with tuberous sclerosis pretty often (50-86% of all cases) and it be its diagnostic marker.Clinical case description. This article presents case study of the newborn from the mother with burdened obstetric and gynecological anamnesis, type 1 diabetes, nicotine addiction. Multiple mass lesions were revealed in the child’s heart on the 31 st week of gestation. On examination: systolic murmur over the heart region, fibrous nodules on the skin all over the body up to 1-5 mm in diameter, indurated on palpation. Diagnosed echocardiographically: multiple attached, round masses were revealed in the cavity of left ventricle of 7.9×4.1 mm in size, in outflow track of left ventricle (near the aortic root) — 9.3×4.8 mm, in the cavity of right ventricle — 4.3×3.2 mm, in the cavity of right auricle — 5.1×5.0 mm. Pathologic activity of cardiac conduction system was presented only by single supra-ventricular and ventricular extrasystoles due to the results of 24-hour monitoring.Conclusion. Children with cardiac rhabdomyoma diagnosed in prenatal period are threatened by tuberous sclerosis, thus, complex dynamic observation and molecular genetic testing is needed