Comparison of Horizontal, Vertical and Diagonal Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Normal Human Subjects

AbstractWe compared horizontal and vertical smooth pursuit eye movements in five healthy human subjects. When maintenance of pursuit was tested using predictable waveforms (sinusoidal or triangular target motion), the gain of horizontal pursuit was greater, in all subjects, than that of vertical pursuit; this was also the case for the horizontal and vertical components of diagonal and circular tracking. When initiation of pursuit was tested, four subjects tended to show larger eye accelerations for vertical as opposed to horizontal pursuit; this trend became a consistent finding during diagonal tracking. These findings support the view that different mechanisms govern the onset of smooth pursuit, and its subsequent maintenance when the target moves in a predictable waveform. Since the properties of these two aspects of pursuit differ for horizontal and vertical movements, our findings also point to separate control of horizontal and vertical pursuit. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd

Syphilitic Optic Neuropathy

"Although the ocular manifestation of syphilis can affect any structures of the eye, optic nerve involvement is not a common presentation. We report a series of 7 new cases of syphilitic optic neuropathy in a tertiary center.

Pediatric Primary Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma

"Primary optic nerve sheath meningioma (PONSM) is a proliferation of meningothelial cells within the nerve sheath of the orbital or intracanalicular portion of the optic nerve. It is not common in patients younger than 20 years of age, represent less than 5% of all cases of PONSM.

Concurrent CRAO with Arteritic AION in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis characterized by peripheral neuropathy, pulmonary involvement, and eosinophilia. EGPA has been associated with a number of ocular conditions, including retinal vascular occlusion, ocular motor cranial neuropathy, and optic neuropathy. We describe a case report of a concurrent central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO) with arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(AION)

Syphilitic Optic Neuropathy

"Although the ocular manifestation of syphilis can affect any structures of the eye, optic nerve involvement is not a common presentation. We report a series of 7 new cases of syphilitic optic neuropathy in a tertiary center.

Intraocular-Orbital-Cerebral Toxoplasmosis as an Initial Presentation of AIDS (.pdf)

To Demonstrate Clinical Manifestations and Treatment Outcome of Intraocular-Orbital-Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in Newly Diagnosed HIV-Infected Patien

Occipital lobe infarction: a rare presentation of bilateral giant cavernous carotid aneurysms: a case report

Abstract Background Cavernous carotid aneurysm (CCA) represents 2–9% of all intracranial aneurysms and 15% of internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms; additionally, giant aneurysms are those aneurysms that are > 25 mm in size. Bilateral CCAs account for 11–29% of patients and are commonly associated with structural weaknesses in the ICA wall, secondary to systemic hypertension. CCAs are considered benign lesions, given the low risk for developing major neurologic morbidities (i.e., subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, or carotid cavernous fistula). Moreover, concurrent presentation with posterior circulation cerebral infarction is even rarer, given different circulation territory from CCA. Here, we report on a patient with bilateral giant CCAs who presented with both typical and atypical symptoms. Case presentation An 88-year-old hypertensive woman presented with acute vertical oblique binocular diplopia, followed by complete ptosis of the right eye. Ophthalmic examination showed dysfunction of the right third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves. Further examination revealed hypesthesia of the areas supplied by the ophthalmic (V1) and maxillary (V2) branches of the right trigeminal nerve. Bilateral giant cavernous carotid aneurysms, with a concurrent subacute right occipital lobe infarction, were discovered on brain imaging and angiogram. Additionally, a prominent right posterior communicating artery (PCOM) was revealed. Seven months later, clinical improvement with stable radiographic findings was documented without any intervention. Conclusions Dysfunction of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves, and the ophthalmic (V1) and maxillary (V2) branches of the trigeminal nerves, should necessitate brain imaging, with special attention given to the cavernous sinus. Despite unilateral symptomatic presentation, bilateral lesions cannot be excluded solely on the basis of clinical findings. CCA should be included in the differential diagnosis of cavernous sinus lesions. Although rare, ipsilateral posterior circulation cerebral infarction (i.e., occipital lobe infarction) can occur in CCA patients, presumably as a result of distal embolization through an ipsilateral, prominent PCOM. Spontaneous clinical improvement with stable radiographic support may occur

Painful Horner Syndrome as a Presentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Carotid Dissection Mimicking Lesion

Horner syndrome refers to a set of clinical presentations resulting from disruption of sympathetic innervation to ocular and adnexa.; Classically, clinical triad consists of ipsilateral blepharoptosis, pupillary miosis and facial anhidrosis. The lesion responsible for Horner syndrome can occur anywhere along ocular sympathetic pathway. Ocular sympathetic denervation may signify the life-threatening causes such as carotid dissection, brainstem infarction and malignancies. A patient with painful oculosympathetic denervation, timely accurate investigation and diagnosis are essential