OCDE et libéralisation du commerce des services audiovisuels: inquiétudes et implications politiques

Accords bilatéraux et diversité culturelle, 7(5)

The European Parliament within the global governance of culture: voice and influence

Abstract: The paper deals with the international actorness of the European Parliament (EP) within the global governance of cultural industries, and in particular with its ability to promote the Convention on diversity of cultural expressions (CDCE) on its international relations and on the EU international agreements. In this respect, it attempts to analyse empirically not only the EP’s interests and strategies about the CDCE and its place within the EU external relations, but also the ways that the EP shapes the process of the global governance of cultural industries, challenging its political asymmetries and hierarchies. In this sense, the paper draws five main conclusions: a. it illustrates a recent multiplication of EP resolutions and of written parliamentary questions towards the culture in EU external relations, and especially the link between trade agreements and culture; b. the EP seeks to promote a more normative position for the global governance of cultural industries, taking cultural concerns seriously into account; c. the negotiations between EU and United States reveal that the EP does not follow the pro-liberalization agenda of the European Commission and especially of DG Trade. On the contrary, the EP sided with the French government and the cultural professional organizations and it interpreted the CDCE as a normative tool protecting and promoting the cultural policies in the context of the trade negotiations; d. the EP’s votes towards the culture in EU external relations follow more the national cleavages existing within the European Council rather than a left-right divide, showing that the national lines seem to be a substantial factor in order to understand the EP’s preferences; e. despite the establishment of an international normative framework towards the cultural sector and the inclusion of the culture as a component of the EU foreign policy, the EP’s diplomacy has not yet fully integrated the culture among its priorities. In this sense, the different aspects of the cultural sector such as the cultural and creative industries or the tangible, natural and intangible cultural heritage are absent from the discussions of the EP with national and other regional parliaments

Soft power, global governance of cultural industries and rising powers: the case of China

This article addresses the importance of cultural industries for the strengthening of the soft power of the rising powers and it seeks to understand how the cultural industries allow rising powers to shape the structures of their international environment. More specifically, studying the cases of People’s Republic of China and of the movie industry, my article focuses on the current evolution of the relationship between the Chinese authorities and the film industry, as well as on the development of the domestic film market. I further aim to draw up an inventory of China’s role within the global governance of cultural industries. Finally, I aim to highlight the global cultural competition that China faces, emphasizing the practices of the US administration and Hollywood. I argue that even if China is the current centre of gravity within the world economy, it still has a long way to go in order to shape the distribution of resources within the global governance of cultural industries and to play a crucial role in the international battle of cultural symbols

Soft power chinois et Hollywood : de la méfiance à la coopération ?

La culture et les industries culturelles restent jusqu’à présent un facteur méconnu de la puissance chinoise. L’ascension de la Chine sur la scène internationale est l’un des évènements historiques et politiques les plus importants depuis la fin de la guerre froide. Son spectaculaire essor économique, ses transformations sociales et l’influence qu’elle exerce désormais sur les affaires internationales forcent les observateurs à s’interroger sur le statut et le positionnement de la Chine sur l..

Streaming platforms: between censorship policies and negotiations with culture professionals (Global watch on culture and digital trade, n°28)).

International Federation of Coalitions for Cultural Diversity

Why to regulate Netflix: the cross-national politics of the audiovisual media governance in the light of streaming platforms

peer reviewedToday, at a time of major downturn in the audiovisual sector, several regions and countries are reconsidering the scope and reach of domestic or regional audiovisual media governance and are developing policy instruments in order to involve transnational Video on Demand (VOD) platforms, such as Netflix, Prime Video, Disney+, in the financing, distribution and visibility of local, national and regional audiovisual content. A key issue that emerges from this backdrop is to provide convincing answers about why public authorities are feeling the urge to develop new regulations towards global VOD streamers in a specific sequence and temporality and to focus on variables, which are expected to understand this cross-national policy momentum for regulating VOD services. In addition, even though transnational VOD services represent disruptive new actors, creating industrial, technological and institutional shock, this disruption does not lead to the same political issue cross-nationally and to the same kind of policy responses. Firstly, the article explores the key outlines that the academic literature highlights in order to understand the regulation of online platforms in the media sectors. Secondly, it provides a cross-national portrayal of policy initiatives towards the VOD streamers, focusing on the EU Member States, Australia, Canada, Mexico and South Africa. Thirdly, the article argues that political struggles over VOD platforms are expected to be framed and fought simultaneously by two crucial variables, dealing with state-society relationships and global interdependence

Les puissances émergentes dans la bataille mondiale de l’attraction : Bollywood, vecteur du soft power de l’Inde ?

Cet article s’interroge sur la place de l’industrie cinématographique de l’Inde dans le renforcement de son soft power et sur quelle mesure celle-ci permet à l’Inde de construire un statut de puissance culturelle active. En ce sens, il s’agit d’abord d’analyser les caractéristiques institutionnelles du système cinématographique indien, avant de se pencher sur le rôle de l’Inde au sein du régime international de l’audiovisuel, et enfin de terminer sur la concurrence culturelle mondiale à laquelle l’Inde est confrontée. Il s’avèrera que les structures domestiques sont un facteur majeur en vue de saisir la volonté d’influence de l’Inde sur la scène internationale et sa place dans l’économie audiovisuelle mondiale au sein de laquelle Hollywood dispose encore de capacités de financement sans égal et de stratégies de distribution mondiales.This article deals with the importance of the Indian film industry for the strengthening of India’s soft power and with the capability of the country to build an international status of active cultural power. As such, on the one hand, I seek to analyze the institutional features of the Indian movie system and to focus on the role of India within the international regime for audiovisual sector, and on the other hand, I aim to emphasize the worldwide cultural competition that India faces. The findings will show that the domestic structures are a major factor in order to understand the influence of India and its status within the world audiovisual economy, within which Hollywood has highly financing abilities and global distribution strategies.