a narrative review of reviews: implications for physical education based on a socio-ecological approach

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O USO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS DURANTE A GRAVIDEZ E AMAMENTAÇÃO

Parte dos fitoterápicos são consumidos sem acompanhamento por profissional de saúde, sendo de venda sem prescrição médica. Culturalmente, as gestantes optam pelo uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos para tratarem desconfortos decorrentes ou não da gestação. Entretanto, na terapêutica, o uso de plantas medicinais com base e sendo assegurado somente pelo uso tradicional pode ser perigoso. É fundamental que se tenha um perfil tóxico bem estabelecido, principalmente no que se refere ao potencial abortivo e teratogênico, salientando que com relação as plantas medicinais as informações a esse respeito são escassas e contraditórias. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico com o propósito de apresentar questões relacionadas ao uso de plantas medicinais durante a gravidez e amamentação

ATIVIDADE FITOTÓXICA DE Guettarda Uruguensis (RUBIACEAE) SOBRE A GERMINAÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO DE SEMENTES DE LACTUCA SATIVA

The study evaluates the phytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract and its organic fractions obtained from the stem bark of the Guettarda uruguensis species Cham. & Schltdl. (Rubiaceae) on germination and seed growth of Lactuca sativa. The evaluated parameters were the rate of germination velocity, radicle and hypocotyl growth. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that Guettarda uruguensis produces chemical compounds that act in the stimulation and inhibition of the seeds germination, the radicle growth and inhibition of the hypocotyl of the Lactuca sativa species

Vaccination with a CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes-based recombinant chimeric protein derived from Leishmania infantum proteins confers protective immunity against visceral leishmaniasis.

Vaccination seems to be the best approach to control visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Resistance against infection is based on the development of a Th1 immune response characterized by the production of interferons-? (IFN-?), interleukin-12 (IL-12), granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), among others. A number of antigens have been tested as potential targets against the disease; few of them are able to stimulate human immune cells. In the present study, 1 prediction of MHC class I and II molecules-specific epitopes in the amino acid sequences of 3 Leishmania proteins: 1 hypothetical, prohibitin, and small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins, was performed using bioinformatics tools, and a T-cell epitopes-based recombinant chimeric protein was constructed, synthetized and purified to be evaluated in invitro and in vivo experiments. The purified protein was tested regarding its immunogenicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy subjects and VL patients, as well as to its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in a murine model against Leishmania infantum infection. Results showed a Th1 response based on high IFN-? and low IL-10 levels derived from in chimera-stimulated PBMCs in both healthy subjects and VL patients. In addition, chimera and/or saponin-immunized mice presented significantly lower parasite burden in distinct evaluated organs, when compared to the controls, besides higher levels of IFN-?, IL-2, IL-12, and GM-CSF, and an IgG2a isotype-based humoral response. In addition, the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subtypes contributed to IFN-? production in the protected animals. The results showed the immunogenicity in human cells and the protective efficacy against L. infantum in a murine model, and well indicate that this recombinant chimera can be considered as a promising strategy to be used against human disease

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Updated cardiovascular prevention guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: 2019

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