10 research outputs found
21-cm observations and warm dark matter models
Observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal (in absorption or emission) allow
us to peek into the epoch of "dark ages" and the onset of reionization. These
data can provide a novel way to learn about the nature of dark matter, in
particular about the formation of small size dark matter halos. However, the
connection between the formation of structures and 21-cm signal requires
knowledge of stellar to total mass relation, escape fraction of UV photons, and
other parameters that describe star formation and radiation at early times.
This baryonic physics depends on the properties of dark matter and in
particular in warm-dark-matter (WDM) models, star formation may follow a
completely different scenario, as compared to the cold-dark-matter case. We use
the recent measurements by the EDGES [J. D. Bowman, A. E. E. Rogers, R. A.
Monsalve, T. J. Mozdzen, and N. Mahesh, An absorption profile centred at 78
megahertz in thesky-averaged spectrum,Nature (London) 555, 67 (2018).] to
demonstrate that when taking the above considerations into account, the robust
WDM bounds are in fact weaker than those given by the Lyman- forest
method and other structure formation bounds. In particular, we show that
resonantly produced 7 keV sterile neutrino dark matter model is consistent with
these data. However, a holistic approach to modelling of the WDM universe holds
great potential and may in the future make 21-cm data our main tool to learn
about dark matter clustering properties.Comment: matches published versio
Fatigue and health-related quality of life in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after 2 years glatiramer acetate treatment are predicted by changes at 6 months:an observational multi-center study
Observational studies of up to 12 months duration showed that glatiramer acetate (GA) treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis may result in decreased fatigue and improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with no changes in disability or mood. We investigated whether in the second year of treatment these improvements are sustained, disability or mood yet improved, and 2-year changes may be predicted by changes in the first 6 or 12 months. The multi-center FOCUS-Extension study was a prospective extension of the 12-month, international, observational FOCUS study and included 67 patients (38 treatment-na <ve, 29 pre-treated) of the Dutch FOCUS cohort. Fatigue, HRQoL, depression and disability were measured by the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), Leeds Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (LMSQoL) questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form and the Guy's Neurological Disability Scale. A 2-year period of GA treatment was associated with -0.52 and +0.66 standard deviation changes in mean FIS and LMSQoL scores compared to baseline, whereas disability and mood remained unchanged. For FIS and LMSQoL, the Pearson correlation coefficients between 6-month changes and 2-year scores were 0.47 and 0.50, and between 12-month changes and 2-year scores 0.65 and 0.62. After 2 years GA treatment, the improvements in fatigue and HRQoL observed at 1 year are sustained, whereas disability and mood remain unchanged compared to baseline. Moreover, the levels of fatigue and HRQoL at 2 years GA treatment are predicted by the improvements at 6 months
Fatigue and health-related quality of life in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after 2 years glatiramer acetate treatment are predicted by changes at 6 months:an observational multi-center study
Observational studies of up to 12 months duration showed that glatiramer acetate (GA) treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis may result in decreased fatigue and improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with no changes in disability or mood. We investigated whether in the second year of treatment these improvements are sustained, disability or mood yet improved, and 2-year changes may be predicted by changes in the first 6 or 12 months. The multi-center FOCUS-Extension study was a prospective extension of the 12-month, international, observational FOCUS study and included 67 patients (38 treatment-na <ve, 29 pre-treated) of the Dutch FOCUS cohort. Fatigue, HRQoL, depression and disability were measured by the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), Leeds Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (LMSQoL) questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form and the Guy's Neurological Disability Scale. A 2-year period of GA treatment was associated with -0.52 and +0.66 standard deviation changes in mean FIS and LMSQoL scores compared to baseline, whereas disability and mood remained unchanged. For FIS and LMSQoL, the Pearson correlation coefficients between 6-month changes and 2-year scores were 0.47 and 0.50, and between 12-month changes and 2-year scores 0.65 and 0.62. After 2 years GA treatment, the improvements in fatigue and HRQoL observed at 1 year are sustained, whereas disability and mood remain unchanged compared to baseline. Moreover, the levels of fatigue and HRQoL at 2 years GA treatment are predicted by the improvements at 6 months