A First Search for coincident Gravitational Waves and High Energy Neutrinos using LIGO, Virgo and ANTARES data from 2007

We present the results of the first search for gravitational wave bursts associated with high energy neutrinos. Together, these messengers could reveal new, hidden sources that are not observed by conventional photon astronomy, particularly at high energy. Our search uses neutrinos detected by the underwater neutrino telescope ANTARES in its 5 line configuration during the period January - September 2007, which coincided with the fifth and first science runs of LIGO and Virgo, respectively. The LIGO-Virgo data were analysed for candidate gravitational-wave signals coincident in time and direction with the neutrino events. No significant coincident events were observed. We place limits on the density of joint high energy neutrino - gravitational wave emission events in the local universe, and compare them with densities of merger and core-collapse events.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, science summary page at http://www.ligo.org/science/Publication-S5LV_ANTARES/index.php. Public access area to figures, tables at https://dcc.ligo.org/cgi-bin/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=p120000

Update on the Combined Analysis of Muon Measurements from Nine Air Shower Experiments

Over the last two decades, various experiments have measured muon densities in extensive air showers over several orders of magnitude in primary energy. While some experiments observed differences in the muon densities between simulated and experimentally measured air showers, others reported no discrepancies. We will present an update of the meta-analysis of muon measurements from nine air shower experiments, covering shower energies between a few PeV and tens of EeV and muon threshold energies from a few 100 MeV to about 10GeV. In order to compare measurements from different experiments, their energy scale was cross-calibrated and the experimental data has been compared using a universal reference scale based on air shower simulations. Above 10 PeV, we find a muon excess with respect to simulations for all hadronic interaction models, which is increasing with shower energy. For EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04 the significance of the slope of the increase is analyzed in detail under different assumptions of the individual experimental uncertainties

Numerical simulation of shock wave structure in nitrogen

PACS: 47.40:Nm; 47.10.adThe one-dimensional problem of the structure of a stationary shock wave in nitrogen is solved in the frame of the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. Proper interpretation of the bulk viscosity coefficient included in the shear stress tensor leads to a numerical solution close to the experiment, showing that the NS equations provide more accurate solutions to the problem than supposed previously.Peer reviewe

Modernization of high pressure fuel pump for operation on mixed rapeseed-mineral fuel

The results of experimental studies, the purpose of which is to assess the effect of heating of diesel mixed fuel on the cycle supply and fuel pressure in the supra-plunger space of the high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP) are presented. A correction device for cyclic fuel supply is presented (RF patent No. 122708). The principle of its action is described. The results of experimental studies of HPFPs with the proposed device for adjusting the cyclic fuel supply are presented

Development of quantification methods of a new selective carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor in plasma and blood and study of the pharmacokinetics of its ophthalmic suspension in rats

Introduction: Development of new bioanalytical methods is required for studying the systemic exposure of new selective inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase II, 4-(2-methyl-1,3-oxazole-5-yl)-benzenesulfonamide, and its N-hydroxymetabolite in plasma and in whole blood. The results of the experiment with a single administration of an ophthalmic suspension of the drug are necessary to optimize the subsequent design of a full pharmacokinetic study. Materials and Methods: HPLC-MS/MS method was used to measure a concentration of analytes in plasma and whole blood. Chromatographic separation was performed on the Poroshell 120EC-C18 column (50*3.0 mm, 2.7 µm). Pharmacokinetics was studied on 6 Wistar rats weighing 287.50±18.64 g (Mean±SD). Each animal was instilled with 40 µL of the ophthalmic suspension in concentration of 2% in each eye. Blood samples were collected before administration of the drug and 30 min, 1 h, 1 h 30 min, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after administration. Non-compartment approach was used for the evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters. Results and Discussion: The protein precipitation was chosen for a sample preparation of biological fluids. A solution of ascorbic acid in concentration of 10% was added to plasma, and a solution of sodium thiosulfate in concentration of 10% was added to blood to prevent the degradation of N-hydroxymetabolite of the drug. The analytical range of determination of 4-(2-methyl-1,3-oxazole-5-yl)-benzenesulfonamide and its N-hydroxyderivative in blood was 50-10000 ng/mL and 5-1000 ng/mL, respectively, in plasma – 10-2000 ng/mL and 1-200 ng/mL, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration of the studied drug was 264.32±68.47 ng/mL (Mean±SD) 1.92±0.92 h (Mean±SD) after administration, and its metabolite was 10.43±1.79 ng/mL 2.17±1.13 h after administration. The maximum concentration of the drug in blood reached 8705.23±1301.84 ng/mL (Mean±SD) 1.17±0.52 h (Mean±SD) after administration, and the maximum concentration of N-hydroxymetabolite reached 230.00±69.54 ng/mL (Mean±SD) 1.33±0.41 h (Mean± SD) after administration. Conclusion: The developed methods have been fully validated according to the requirements of Russian and internatonal guidelines and have been successfully used for pharmacokinetic research. It was found that a content of 4-(2-methyl-1,3-oxazole-5-yl)-benzenesulfonamide and its main metabolite in whole blood is significantly higher than in plasma

Cap Layer Effect on Key Features of Persistent Photoconductivity Spectra in HgTe/CdHgTe Double Quantum Well Heterostructures

Persistent photoconductivity (PPC) spectra of HgTe/CdHgTe heterostructures with double quantum wells with different cap layers have been studied in the radiation excitation range 0.62–3.1 eV. We have shown that the material of the cap layer defines key features of the PPC spectra—local extrema—and their origin. An unusual oscillatory behavior of the PPC spectra is demonstrated. Such a behavior is shown to be independent of both cap and barrier layers

Photoelectromagnetic Effect Induced by Terahertz Laser Radiation in Topological Crystalline Insulators Pb1−xSnxTe

Topological crystalline insulators form a class of semiconductors for which surface electron states with the Dirac dispersion relation are formed on surfaces with a certain crystallographic orientation. Pb1−xSnxTe alloys belong to the topological crystalline phase when the SnTe content x exceeds 0.35, while they are in the trivial phase at x < 0.35. For the surface crystallographic orientation (111), the appearance of topologically nontrivial surface states is expected. We studied the photoelectromagnetic (PEM) effect induced by laser terahertz radiation in Pb1−xSnxTe films in the composition range x = (0.11–0.44), with the (111) surface crystallographic orientation. It was found that in the trivial phase, the amplitude of the PEM effect is determined by the power of the incident radiation, while in the topological phase, the amplitude is proportional to the flux of laser radiation quanta. A possible mechanism responsible for the effect observed presumes damping of the thermalization rate of photoexcited electrons in the topological phase and, consequently, prevailing of electron diffusion, compared with energy relaxation

Twisted Few-Mode Optical Fiber with Improved Height of Quasi-Step Refractive Index Profile

This work presents designed and fabricated silica few-mode optical fiber (FMF) with induced twisting 10 and 66 revolutions per meter, core diameter 11 &micro;m, typical &ldquo;telecommunication&rdquo; cladding diameter 125 &micro;m, improved height of quasi-step refractive index profile and numerical aperture 0.22. Proposed FMF supports 4 guided modes over &ldquo;C&rdquo;-band. We discussed selection of specified optical fiber parameters to provide desired limited mode number over mentioned wavelength range. Some results of tests, performed with pilot samples of manufactured FMF, are represented, including experimentally measured spectral responses of laser-excited optical signals, that comprise researches and analysis of few-mode effects, occurring after fiber Bragg grating writing