Propuesta didáctica para el estudio y aprendizaje del átomo y la tabla periódica en 4ºESO

En este Trabajo Fin de Máster se abordará la elaboración y aplicación de diferentes actividades en forma de propuesta didáctica para la Unidad Didáctica acerca del átomo y la tabla periódica, de la asignatura Física y Química del 4º curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) en un Instituto público de Castilla y León. La mayor motivación para hacer este Trabajo Fin de Máster es la posibilidad de conectar de algún modo todo lo visto en las clases teóricas del módulo específico del máster con la experiencia real en las aulas durante el Prácticum. La mayor parte del desinterés y bajo rendimiento de los alumnos en las aulas se debe entre muchos otros factores, al modo de impartición de las clases, en el que se suele dar muy poca importancia a la participación activa del alumno, donde la materia finalmente se percibe como difícil y abstracta y con una baja utilidad y aplicabilidad en la vida cotidiana. Con el fin de abordar esta problemática, se pretende el desarrollo de una serie de actividades contextualizadas, con el objetivo de llegar al aprendizaje significativo, a partir de los conocimientos previos del alumno. Para ello, en primer lugar, se planteó un cuestionario de nueve preguntas, en las cuales se trató de evaluar los conocimientos previos del alumnado. En segundo lugar, se diseñó y planificó una propuesta didáctica enfocada al alumnado de un grupo de 4º curso de ESO entre las que se incluyen actividades de comprensión lectora, simulaciones químicas y de acercamiento al concepto de “gamificación” a las aulas, así como una propuesta de actividades complementarias basadas en el aprendizaje por indagación/investigación y en el aprendizaje en contexto y en situaciones de la vida cotidiana. Finalmente, al término de la impartición de la propuesta didáctica, para comprobar la efectividad y productividad de la metodología empleada en el aula, se propuso una prueba final con ocho cuestiones/problemas, cuyos resultados fueron analizados con una rúbrica.In this Master's Final Project we will deal with the development and application of different activities in terms of a didactic proposal for the atom and the periodic table Didactic Unit, of the Physics and Chemistry subject in the 4th year of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) in a public secondary school in Castilla y León. The main motivation for doing this Master's Final Project is the possibility of somehow connecting everything seen in the theoretical classes of the specific module of the Master's with the real experience in the classroom during the Practicum. Most of the disinterest and low performance of students in the classroom is due, among many other factors, to the way the classes are taught, in which very little importance is usually given to the active participation of the student, where the subject is finally perceived as difficult and abstract and with little utility and applicability in everyday life. In order to address this problem, the objective is to develop a series of context-based activities, with the aim of achieving meaningful learning, based on the student's prior knowledge. To do this, firstly, a nine-question questionnaire was designed to assess the students' prior knowledge. Secondly, a didactic proposal was designed and planned for students in a group of 4th year of ESO, including reading comprehension activities, chemical simulations and bringing the concept of "gamification" into the classroom, as well as a proposal for complementary activities based on learning through inquiry/investigation and learning in context and in everyday life situations. Finally, at the end of the didactic proposal, in order to check the effectiveness and productivity of the methodology used in the classroom, a final test with eight questions/problems was proposed, the results of which were analysed with a rubric.Departamento de Química Física y Química InorgánicaMáster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idioma

El otro punto de mira de la construcción 4.0 del que nadie habla

Que estamos inmersos en las nuevas tecnologías es algo obvio que todos sabemos y vivimos, pues ya es posible ver drones que ayudan en los repartos de paquetes, vehículos que se desplazan solos o software que conocen los hábitos de compra del consumidor. Pero la cuarta revolución industrial apenas acaba de comenzar y una gran brecha economía se abre ante la nueva era digital, grandes cambios se aproximan. ¿Estamos listos para lo que se nos viene encima? La industria 4.0 pretende “industrializar” la construcción haciendo de nuestro sector “fábricas inteligentes” para hacer más casas en menos tiempo, abaratando costos y obteniendo un mayor beneficio. Pero, ¿no es antagónico que por un lado hagamos apología por salvar el planeta introduciendo nuevos materiales y nuevos sistemas de construcción “Passivhaus” ayudando así a mejorar el impacto medioambiental ahorrando en recursos naturales y por otro lado pretendamos industrializar la construcción pensando en hacer más casas en menos tiempo, absorbiendo así los recursos naturales? Una de las mayores desventajas que la cuarta revolución industrial trae con las nuevas tecnologías es la sustitución del capital humano, se predice que un robot sustituirá a tres empleos ¿qué empleos quedarán sustituidos por robots?, ¿crees que el arquitecto técnico quedará sustituido por un robot? Se habla de Construcción 4.0 como un nuevo impulso del sector hacia un cambio de paradigma, transformando el sector para convertirlo altamente productivo, eficiente, sostenible, competitivo y rentable. Muchos hablan del “Lean construction” como la nueva biblia de la organización en la construcción. Pero, igual que una herramienta no puede suplir el golpe de vista de un buen cantero, las nuevas herramientas digitales no pueden sustituir el pilar básico de la construcción, saber construir. ¿Realmente sabemos construir?, ¿podemos ser capaces de utilizar todas las herramientas que el nuevo sector de la construcción está poniendo a nuestra disposición sin saber construir? Es importante reflexionar sobre todos los aspectos que pueden hacer mejorar, avanzar o evolucionar nuestra profesión valorando adecuadamente su influencia en la vida real

Extruded flour improves batter pick-up, coating crispness and aroma profile

Fried battered foods are widely consumed worldwide. In this study, the influence of the replacement of native wheat flour by extruded flours (7.5 and 15%) subjected to different extrusion severities on chicken nuggets was assessed. Microstructure, pick-up, moisture and fat content, texture, colour, volatile profile, and consumer acceptability were evaluated. Extruded flour replacement resulted in batters with improved pick-up with increasing percentage and severity of extrusion treatment. Extruded flour also contributed to a moisture increase, while oil remained practically unchanged. Textural properties highlighted a higher crispness of batters made with high-severity treatment extruded flours. Volatile compounds analyses revealed lower amount of lipid oxidation (lower rancidity notes) and higher furfuryl alcohol content (pleasant aroma and darker crust) in fried batters containing extruded flour. Consumers testing showed that batters made with intermediate-severity treatment extruded flour presented the best acceptability. These results confirm that extruded flour inclusion improves the quality of deep-fried batters

Desarrollo de competencias socialmente responsables en los alumnos de bachillerato de excelencia mediante metodología de cascada = The development of social responsibility competences in higher secondary school through methodology of cascade

p. 266-271El principal objetivo de la iniciativa es ofrecer un modelo educativo integrador que fomente la generación de ideas socialmente innovadoras y responsables. Al mismo tiempo, se busca trabajar las competencias generales para favorecer la interacción e integración de los estudiantes. Para ello, se ha utilizado la metodología de cascada. Concretamente, el instrumento utilizado es el poster. Los participantes de la iniciativa son 20 estudiantes de Bachillerato de la Excelencia y 4 del Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas de la Universidad de León. Los resultados alcanzados han sido cuatro ideas de negocio centradas en resolver problemas medioambientales a través de nuevas prácticas de gestión empresarial, y dos ideas socialmente innovadoras para mejorar la atención, cuidado y la satisfacción de personas discapacitadas. Así, la iniciativa desarrollada ha permitido mejorar competencias académico-generales de los estudiantes, y al mismo tiempo les ha proporcionado una visión más cercana de la realidad empresarial y socialS

Analysis of volatile compounds in gluten-free bread crusts with an optimised and validated SPME-GC/QTOF methodology

The aroma of bread crust, as one of the first characteristics perceived, is essential for bread acceptance. However, gluten-free bread crusts exhibit weak aroma. A SPME-GC/QTOF methodology was optimised with PCA and RSM and validated for the quantification of 44 volatile compounds in bread crust, extracting 0.75 g of crust at 60°C for 51 min. LODs ranged between 3.60-1760 µgKg-1, all the R2 were higher than 0.99 and %RSD for precision and %Er for accuracy were lower than 9% and 12%, respectively. A commercial wheat bread crust was quantified, and furfural was the most abundant compound. Bread crusts of wheat starch and of japonica rice, basmati rice and teff flours were also quantified. Teff flour and wheat starch crusts were very suitable for improving gluten-free bread crust aroma, due to their similar content in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone compared to wheat flour crust and also for their high content in pyrazines

Role of Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation in the Pathophysiology of NAFLD

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterised by an excess of hepatic fat that can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. The imbalance between lipid uptake/lipogenesis and lipid oxidation/secretion in the liver is a major feature of NAFLD. Given the lack of a non-invasive and reliable methods for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), it is important to find serum markers that are capable of discriminating or defining patients with this stage of NASH. Blood samples were obtained from 152 Caucasian subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD due to persistently elevated liver enzyme levels. Metabolites representative of oxidative stress were assessed. The findings derived from this work revealed that NAFLD patients with a NASH score of ≥ 4 showed significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO). Indeed, LPO levels above the optimal operating point (OOP) of 315.39 μM are an independent risk factor for presenting a NASH score of ≥ 4 (OR: 4.71; 95% CI: 1.68–13.19; p = 0.003). The area under the curve (AUC = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.73–0.89, p < 0.001) shows a good discrimination ability of the model. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the basal inflammation present in these patients is postulated as a possible source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets in NASH.This research was funded by Consejería de Educación de Castilla y León (VA256P20), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant CB21/13/0005, PI21/00917 and COV20/00491), Junta de Castilla y León (18IGOF), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (GRS2398/A/21), Fundación Ramón Areces (CIVP19A5953) and 7th Call for Gilead Biomedical Research Grants in HIV, Liver Diseases and Haemato-oncology

Single fetal demise in monochorionic twins: how to predict cerebral injury in the survivor co-twin?

The aims of the study were to evaluate perinatal outcome in monochorionic (MC) twins complicated with single intrauterine fetal death, spontaneously vs after fetal therapy, and to assess antenatal events that increase the risk of cerebral injury. Material and methods: Historical cohort study of MC pregnancies with single intrauterine fetal death diagnosed or referred to a tertiary referral hospital (2012–2020). Adverse perinatal outcome included termination of pregnancy, perinatal death, abnormal fetal or neonatal neuroimaging and abnormal neurological development. Results: A total of 68 MC pregnancies with single intrauterine fetal death after 14 weeks of gestation were included. Sixty-five (95.6%) occurred in complicated MC pregnancies (twin to twin transfusion syndrome: 35/68 [51.5%]; discordant malformation: 13/68 [19.1%], selective intrauterine growth restriction: 10/68 [14.7%], twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence: 5/68 [7.3%] and cord entanglement in monoamniotic twins: 2/68 [2.94%]). In 52 cases (76.5%) single intrauterine fetal demise occurred after fetal therapy and in 16 (23.5%) occurred spontaneously. Cerebral damage included 14/68 cases (20.6%): 6/68 cases (8.82%) were prenatal lesions and 8/68 cases (11.8%) were postnatal. Risk of cerebral damage tended to be higher in the spontaneous death group (6/16, 37.5%) compared to the therapy-group (8/52, 15.38%) (p = 0.07). The risk increased with gestational age at intrauterine death (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04–1.41, p = 0.014) and was higher in those surviving co-twins who developed anemia (OR 9.27, 95% CI: 1.50–57.12, p = 0.016). Pregnancies complicated with selective intrauterine growth restriction tended to be at higher risk for neurological damage (OR 2.85, 95% CI: 0.68–11.85, p = 0.15). Preterm birth rate (<37 weeks of pregnancy) was 61.7% (37/60). Seven of eight postnatal cerebral lesions (87.5%) were related to extreme prematurity. Overall perinatal survival rate was 88.3% (57/68) and 7% (4/57) of children had an abnormal neurological outcome. Conclusions: Risk of cerebral damage in single intrauterine fetal death is especially high when it occurs spontaneously. Gestational age at single intrauterine fetal death, selective intrauterine growth restriction and anemia of the surviving co-twin are the main predictors for prenatal lesions and might be useful in parent counseling. Abnormal postnatal neurological outcome is closely related to extreme prematurityThis study has been funded by “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII) through the project 19/00904, and co-funded by the European Union

NKG2D-CAR memory T cells target pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in vitro and n vivo but fail to eliminate leukemiai nitiating cells

[Introduction]: Refractory/relapsed pediatric acute leukemia are still clinically challenging and new therapeutic strategies are needed. Interactions between Natural Killer Group 2D (NKG2D) receptor, expressed in cytotoxic immune cells, and its ligands (NKG2DL), which are upregulated in leukemic blasts, are important for anti-leukemia immunosurveillance. Nevertheless, leukemia cells may develop immunoescape strategies as NKG2DL shedding and/or downregulation. [Methods]: In this report, we analyzed the anti-leukemia activity of NKG2D chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected memory (CD45RA-) T cells in vitro and in a murine model of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We also explored in vitro how soluble NKG2DL (sNKG2DL) affected NKG2D-CAR T cells’ cytotoxicity and the impact of NKG2D-CAR T cells on Jurkat cells gene expression and in vivo functionality. [Results]: In vitro, we found NKG2D-CAR T cells targeted leukemia cells and showed resistance to the immunosuppressive effects exerted by sNKG2DL. In vivo, NKG2D-CAR T cells controlled T cell leukemia burden and increased survival of the treated mice but failed to cure the animals. After CAR T cell treatment, Jurkat cells upregulated genes related to proliferation, survival and stemness, and in vivo, they exhibited functional properties of leukemia initiating cells. [Discussion]: The data here presented suggest, that, in combination with other therapeutic approaches, NKG2D-CAR T cells could be a novel treatment for pediatric T-ALL.This work was supported by a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III to LF PI21/01049, the II and V awards from UNOENTRECIENMIL Foundation, and a grant from CRIS FOUNDATION to Beat Cancer as part of the projects “Cell therapy based on NKG2D-CAR for pediatric leukemia” and “NKG2D-CAR as treatment for pediatric patients suffering from acute leukemia and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia”. AF, MI-N, AN-Z and CF have been supported by Personnel research grants from CRIS Foundation to beat cancer. CM has been supported by Personnel PhD student grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), PFIS (FI19/00176). MVG is funded by grant PID2021-123795OB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN)/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) / 10.13039/501100011033 and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)-A way of making Europe] and belongs to cancer-Hub CSIC. MI lab is funded by grant PID2020-114148RB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033,which was in part granted with FEDER funding (EC)

Optimizing the procedure to manufacture clinical‐grade NK cells for adoptive immunotherapy

Natural killer (NK) cells represent promising tools for cancer immunotherapy. We report the optimization of an NK cell activation–expansion process and its validation on clinical‐scale. Methods: RPMI‐1640, stem cell growth medium (SCGM), NK MACS and TexMACS were used as culture mediums. Activated and expanded NK cells (NKAE) were obtained by coculturing total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or CD45RA+ cells with irradiated K562mbIL15‐41BBL or K562mbIL21‐41BBL. Fold increase, NK cell purity, activation status, cytotoxicity and transcriptome profile were analyzed. Clinical‐grade NKAE cells were manufactured in CliniMACS Prodigy. Results: NK MACS and TexMACs achieved the highest NK cell purity and lowest T cell contamination. Obtaining NKAE cells from CD45RA+ cells was feasible although PBMC yielded higher total cell numbers and NK cell purity than CD45RA+ cells. The highest fold expansion and NK purity were achieved by using PBMC and K562mbIL21‐41BBL cells. However, no differences in activation and cytotoxicity were found when using either NK cell source or activating cell line. Transcriptome profile showed to be different between basal NK cells and NKAE cells expanded with K562mbIL21‐41BBL or K562mbIL15‐41BBL. Clinical‐grade manufactured NKAE cells complied with the specifications from the Spanish Regulatory Agency. Conclusions: GMP‐grade NK cells for clinical use can be obtained by using different starting cells and aAPCThis work was supported by the National Health Service of Spain, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), FONDOS FEDER grant (FIS) PI18/01301 to Pérez-Martínez A, CRIS Foundation to Beat Cancer to Escudero A, Fernández A; Navarro A, Mirones I, and Fundación Mari Paz Jiménez Casado and La Sonrisa de Álex to Vela

NKG2D-CAR memory T cells target pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in vitro and in vivo but fail to eliminate leukemia initiating cells

Introduction Refractory/relapsed pediatric acute leukemia are still clinically challenging and new therapeutic strategies are needed. Interactions between Natural Killer Group 2D (NKG2D) receptor, expressed in cytotoxic immune cells, and its ligands (NKG2DL), which are upregulated in leukemic blasts, are important for anti-leukemia immunosurveillance. Nevertheless, leukemia cells may develop immunoescape strategies as NKG2DL shedding and/or downregulation. Methods In this report, we analyzed the anti-leukemia activity of NKG2D chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected memory (CD45RA ⁻ ) T cells in vitro and in a murine model of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We also explored in vitro how soluble NKG2DL (sNKG2DL) affected NKG2D-CAR T cells’ cytotoxicity and the impact of NKG2D-CAR T cells on Jurkat cells gene expression and in vivo functionality. Results In vitro , we found NKG2D-CAR T cells targeted leukemia cells and showed resistance to the immunosuppressive effects exerted by sNKG2DL. In vivo , NKG2D-CAR T cells controlled T cell leukemia burden and increased survival of the treated mice but failed to cure the animals. After CAR T cell treatment, Jurkat cells upregulated genes related to proliferation, survival and stemness, and in vivo , they exhibited functional properties of leukemia initiating cells. Discussion The data here presented suggest, that, in combination with other therapeutic approaches, NKG2D-CAR T cells could be a novel treatment for pediatric T-ALL