Straightforward Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Thioesters via Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Cross-Metathesis with Thioacrylate

The cross-metathesis reaction of S-ethyl thioacrylate with a variety of olefins is effectively catalyzed by using a ruthenium benzylidene olefin metathesis catalyst. This reaction provides a convenient and versatile route to substituted α,β-unsaturated thioesters, key building blocks in organic synthesis.

Synthesis of Optically Active Bifunctional Building Blocks through Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Using Grignard Reagents

Enantioselective copper-catalyzed allylic alkylations were performed on allylic bromides with a protected hydroxyl or amine functional group using several Grignard reagents and Taniaphos L1 as a ligand. The terminal olefin moiety in the products was transformed into various functional groups without racemization, providing facile access to a variety of versatile bifunctional chiral building blocks.

Analisis Pengaruh PDB, Nilai Tukar Rupiah, Non Performing Finance (NPF), Bopo terhadap Profitabilitas (Roa) Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2008-2013

This study aims to determine the effect of the influence of GDP,Exchange rate, NPF,Ratio Operational Cost for Operational Income to the Return on Asset of Islamic Banking. The data used in this study is a time series data from 2008 to 2013. The samples are all of BUS and UUS in Indonesia. The method used in this study, namely multiple linier regression with Eviews 3.0. This study tested the hypothesis of regression coefficient (coefficient of determination, a significant test concurrent/F test, and the significant individual test / t test). The result showed that the variable GDP,exchange rate, NPF, Ratio operational cost for operational income at once / simultaneously have a significant influence on the realitation Return on Asset (ROA) of Islamic Banking . The individual test/partial showed that ratio Operational cost for operational income variable acquired that contributes greater than the variable GDP, exchange rate,and NPF on the realitation return on asset of Islamic Banking in Indonesia. The amount of influence that caused (R2) in the return on asset Islamic Banking of 57,2864%. While the remaining 42,7136% is influenced by othervariables not included in thestudy.Keywords: Return On asset, GDP, Exchange rate, NPF, Ratio Operational cost for Income Operational

Pengaruh Defisit Anggaran, Jumlah Uang Beredar dan Independensi Bank Indonesia terhadap Inflasi

Penelitian ini melihat bagaimana pengaruh defisit anggaran pemerintah, jumlah uang beredar danidependensi BI terhadap inflasi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunderyang didapatkan dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan website Bank Indonesia dari tahun 1990-2008.Variabel dalam penelitian ini antara lain: defisit anggaran pemerintah(X1), jumlah uang beredar(X2),Independensi Bank Indonesia(X3) berupa dummy variable dan Inflasi (Y).Metode analisis adalah kuantitatif dan deskriptif. Metode kuantitatif menggunakan regresi berganda.Metode deskriptif yaitu mendiskripsikan suatu permasalahan dengan menganalisis data dan hal-halyang berhubungan dengan angka-angk.Hasil analisis ini menyebutkan bahwa defisit anggaran tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadapinflasi, sedangkan jumlah uang yang beredar dan independensi BI berpengaruh positif dan signifikanterhadap inflasi

BIOSYNTHESIS OF COPOLYMER POLY (3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE-CO-3-HYDROXYVALERATE) FROM PALM OIL AND N-PENTANOL IN A 10L BIOREACTOR

The production of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer, P (3HB-co-3HV) from palm oil and a second carbon source by using bacteria Erwinia sp. USMI-20 in a 10L bioreactor has been done. Fermentation process was conducted through a single stage batch cultivation method under aerobic condition at pH 7.0, incubation temperature of 30 oC, and an agitation rate of 200 rpm for 66 hours. The production of the biopolymer was done from an initial growth on palm oil with a subsequent single feeding of n-pentanol. In this case, n-pentanol was used as a second carbon source to introduce the mole fraction of the 3-hydroxyvalerate, 3HV unit. The characterization of the polymer production was supported cell growth, polymer compound content and therefore the mole fraction of the 3-hydroxyvalerate unit. From this study, the composition of the polyester was noted to vary during the cultivation period. The highest amount of 3HV unit in the polyester at 48 hours of cultivation was 20 mole percent, the maximum amount of polymer content at 62.37 weight percent, biomass of 4.8 g/l and the maximum specific growth rate and specific polymer production were 0.401 hr-1 and 0.047 hr-1 respectively

Persentase Tutupan Dan Struktur Komunitas Mangrove Di Sepanjang Pesisir Taman Nasional Bunaken Bagian Utara

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung persentase tutupan mangrove dan mengetahui struktur komunitas mangrove. Penelitian ini dilakukan di sepanjang pesisir Taman Nasional Bunaken bagian Utara. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode line transect dan metode hemisperichal photography. Data hasil penelitian ditemukan 6 jenis mangrove yaitu Sonneratia alba, Avicennia officinalis, Avecennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata dan Bruguiera gymnorrhiza yang termasuk dalam 4 famili Sonneratiaceae, Avicenniaceae, Rhizophoraceae dan juga Bruguieraceae. Nilai tutupan kanopi mangrove yang tertinggi pada stasiun 2 (Meras) di transek 2 mencapai nilai 82,78% dan yang terendah pada stasiun 1 (Molas) di transek 1 yaitu 61,24%

Pengaruh Suku Bunga Dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Terhadap Investasi Sektor Properti Di Kota Pekanbaru Periode 2002-2013

This study aims to determine the analysis of the Interest Rate and The Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) Variable to Investment Property Sector in Pekanbaru. The data used in this study was a time series data from 2002 to 2013 were sourced from Bank Indonesia and Agency of city planning (Badan Perencanaan Kota). This study used quantitative research methods, and analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis by using SPSS 21 software programfor Windows computers. In this study, the independent variable was Interest Rate (X1) and Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) (X2) while the dependent variable was Investment Property Sector in Pekanbaru (Y). This study tested thehypothesis of regression coefficient (coefficient of determination, a significant test concurrent / F test, and the significant individual test / t test). The result showed the variable Interest Rate and Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) at once / simultaneously had a significant influence on the Investment Property Sector in Pekanbaru. The individual test / partial showed that Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) variable acquired that contributes greater than the variable Interest Rate to the Investment Property Sector in Pekanbar

Cytotoxic Effect of Freeze Dried Bovine Cartilage Powder and Platelet Rich Plasma (Prp) to Mesenchymal Stem Cell (Mscs)

Cartilage repair is a challenging clinical problem because the damage is an irreversible condition. Many studies had been performed using several kinds of natural or synthetic scaffold. Attempts to repair articular cartilage using scaffold usually found many problems, lacks the physical structure and mechanical properties necessary to ensure long-term efficacy to cartilage defect. Furthermore, scaffold frequently cause toxicity to the host. Therefore, this study was performed in vitro to test the toxicity effect of scaffold freeze dried bovine cartilage powder and platelets Rich Plasma (PRP). This research was conducted using pure experimental research design in 4 groups of animal stem cells which being added with scaffold freeze dried bovine cartilage scaffold provided with platelet rich plasma. This study using posttest only control group design. The result being processed with MTT assay and spectrophotometer for counting the viable stem cells. There was no significant difference in the amount of macrophage between control and the freeze dried bovine cartilage scaffold provided with PRP (p=0,128). With this result in the number of macrophages between the control with freeze dried bovine cartilage scaffold provided PRP, it can be concluded that these biomaterials have biocompatibility

Pengaruh Kurs, Inflasi, Libor dan PDB terhadap Foreign Direct Invesment (Fdi) di Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of the influence of Exchange Rates, Inflation, Libor, and GDP to the Foreign Direct Invesment (FDI) In Indonesia. The data used in this study is a time series data from 1998 to 2013 were sourced from Invesment Coordinating Board (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal), Bank Indonesia, and Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statisitik). This study used quantitative research methods, and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 20 application for Windows computers. In this study, the independent variable is Exchange Rates (X1), Inflation (X2), Libor (X3), and GDP (X4), while the dependent is realitation Foreign Direct Invesment (Y).This study tested the hypothesis of regression coefficient (coefficient of determination, a significant test concurrent / F test, and the significant individual test / t test). The result showed that the variable Exchange Rates, Inflation, libor and GDP at once / simultaneously have a significant influence on the realitation Foreign Direct Invesment (FDI). The individual test / partial showed that Gross Domestic Product variable acquired that contributes greater than the variable rate of Exchange Rates, Inflation,and Libor ont the realitation Foreign Direct Invesment (FDI).Keywords:Exchange Rate, Inflation, London Inter Bank Offering Rate (LIBOR), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Foreign Direct Invesment (FDI)