42 research outputs found
The fall of Keynesianism and the rise of Neo-Classical liberalism
John Maynard Keynes, otac makroekonomije i jedan od najveÄih ekonomista svih vremena,
zagovornik državnog intervencionizma radi smanjenja nezaposlenosti proizaŔle iz Velike
depresije, tvorac najvaÅ£nije knjige u ekonomskoj povijesti pod nazivom āOpÄa teorija
zaposlenosti, kamate i novcaā, zaÄetnik je keynesijanske revolucije. Prva primjena njegove
ekonomske teorije vidljiva je u programu F. D. Roosevelta pod nazivom āNew Dealā kojom
je uveden red u ameriÄkoj ekonomiji. NajveÄi doprinos popularizaciji keynesijanske
ekonomije dali su J. Hicks i P. Samuelson jer je u njihovo vrijeme bila dominantna sila u
ekonomskoj misli. Pad keynesijanske pretpostavke javlja se poÄetkom 1970-ih zbog
nemoguÄnosti rjeÅ”avanja istodobnog rasta inflacije i nezaposlenosti. Paralelno s padom
keynesijanske pretpostavke, dolazi do uspona nove ekonomske teorije, monetarizma, koji se
ujedno javlja kao odgovor na keynesijanizam i drţavni intervencionizam. Uz keynesijanizam i
monetarizam, kao najvaÅ£nije makroekonomske teorije u 20. stoljeÄu, javlja se nova klasiÄna
makroekonomija. Nova klasiÄna makroekonomija razvija teoriju racionalnih oÄekivanja te
primjenjuje mikroekonomske osnove u makroekonomiji.John Maynard Keynes, founder of macroeconomics and one of the greatest economist of all
time, advocate of government interventionism in order to decrease unemployment arising
from Great Depression, creator of the most important book of economic history āGeneral
theory of employmentā, interest rate and money, is originator of Keynesianism revolution.
The first appliance of his economic theory was visible in F. D. Roosevelt programme āNew
dealā by which was introduced order in American economy. J. Hicks and P. Samuelson gave
the largest contribution to popularization of Keynesianism economy. Collapse of
Keynesianism assumption occurs during 1970s because of inability to explain increase of
inflation and unemployment at the same time. Parallel with Keynesianism overturn occurs the
ascent of new economic theory called monetarism, which appears as response to
Keynesianism and government interventionism. Along with Keynesianism and Monetarism,
as the most important macroeconomic theories of 20th century, we have absolute rise of new
classical macroeconomic. New classical macroeconomic theory develops theory of rational
expectations and applies microeconomic basics in macroeconomic theory
The fall of Keynesianism and the rise of Neo-Classical liberalism
John Maynard Keynes, otac makroekonomije i jedan od najveÄih ekonomista svih vremena,
zagovornik državnog intervencionizma radi smanjenja nezaposlenosti proizaŔle iz Velike
depresije, tvorac najvaÅ£nije knjige u ekonomskoj povijesti pod nazivom āOpÄa teorija
zaposlenosti, kamate i novcaā, zaÄetnik je keynesijanske revolucije. Prva primjena njegove
ekonomske teorije vidljiva je u programu F. D. Roosevelta pod nazivom āNew Dealā kojom
je uveden red u ameriÄkoj ekonomiji. NajveÄi doprinos popularizaciji keynesijanske
ekonomije dali su J. Hicks i P. Samuelson jer je u njihovo vrijeme bila dominantna sila u
ekonomskoj misli. Pad keynesijanske pretpostavke javlja se poÄetkom 1970-ih zbog
nemoguÄnosti rjeÅ”avanja istodobnog rasta inflacije i nezaposlenosti. Paralelno s padom
keynesijanske pretpostavke, dolazi do uspona nove ekonomske teorije, monetarizma, koji se
ujedno javlja kao odgovor na keynesijanizam i drţavni intervencionizam. Uz keynesijanizam i
monetarizam, kao najvaÅ£nije makroekonomske teorije u 20. stoljeÄu, javlja se nova klasiÄna
makroekonomija. Nova klasiÄna makroekonomija razvija teoriju racionalnih oÄekivanja te
primjenjuje mikroekonomske osnove u makroekonomiji.John Maynard Keynes, founder of macroeconomics and one of the greatest economist of all
time, advocate of government interventionism in order to decrease unemployment arising
from Great Depression, creator of the most important book of economic history āGeneral
theory of employmentā, interest rate and money, is originator of Keynesianism revolution.
The first appliance of his economic theory was visible in F. D. Roosevelt programme āNew
dealā by which was introduced order in American economy. J. Hicks and P. Samuelson gave
the largest contribution to popularization of Keynesianism economy. Collapse of
Keynesianism assumption occurs during 1970s because of inability to explain increase of
inflation and unemployment at the same time. Parallel with Keynesianism overturn occurs the
ascent of new economic theory called monetarism, which appears as response to
Keynesianism and government interventionism. Along with Keynesianism and Monetarism,
as the most important macroeconomic theories of 20th century, we have absolute rise of new
classical macroeconomic. New classical macroeconomic theory develops theory of rational
expectations and applies microeconomic basics in macroeconomic theory
Constructive systems of fully reinforced lightweight concrete bridges
This paper deals with the possibility of using fully reinforced lightweight concrete systems in the bridge structures. Fully reinforced lightweight concrete systems are composed of a steel reinforcement skeleton with the main bearing capacity and lightweight concrete body as a secondary bearing material for a local and global stabilisation. Two examples are given in this paper; the example of a grill-shaped overpass over four spans and a box girder bridge over three spans. Lightweight concrete deck slab is reinforced with a grill-shaped reinforcement made of welded R trusses in two perpendicular directions. The reinforcement of the lightweight main girders, cross girders and walls of the lightweight box girder is designed as, at least, one truss with X-shaped diagonals
STORYTELLING ā THE TOOL OF DESTINATION MANAGEMENT COMPANIES FOR CREATING AN EXTRAORDINARY EXPERIENCE IN FILM TOURISM
Experience-based industries, such as tourism, gain a competitive advantage when they create an extraordinary experience for their customers. Contemporary tourists prefer authentic experiences, acquisition of new knowledge and skills as well as participation in community activities. Therefore, they donāt want to consume only the products and services in the destination, but they are really interested in the story behind the tourist products. In film tourism, the story has a special role since it is a type of product that arises from the individual experience of the location, which is displayed in some form of media presentation. Consequently, it is particularly important for the destination management companies to use tools and techniques that can influence the customer experience. In this context, the aim of this paper is to analyse possibility of destination management companies to use storytelling in creating film tourism products. Although storytelling is often used by destination management organization as a destination marketing tool, destination management companies can use it to create high value-added products. This paper analyzes an example of good practice how a destination management company can use storytelling in creating and developing its products. However, as the example of good practice emphasizes, the application of storytelling in creating extraordinary experience requires an interdisciplinary approach and great creativity of experts from different fields, where additional value can be achieved through the use of modern information and communication technology. Applying this approach, storytelling is a tool that destination management companies can use very successfully to transform the film tourism product into an extraordinary experience for their customers
Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Lifestyle Habits of Pregnant Women Smokers
The aim of this study was to describe anthropometric, clinical, socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits of pregnant smokers in comparison to pregnant nonsmokers. During years 1999ā2003, 1,435 pregnant smokers and 4,772 pregnant nonsmokers were interviewed after delivery with a questionnaire. They were recorded clinical, anthropometric and socio-demographic data, smoking status, labor outcome, maternal and fetal hemoglobin concentrations for each patient. The two groups were comparable in anthropometric and clinical characteristics, duration of pregnancy
and mode of delivery, except for birth weights, which were significantly lower in newborns of smokers. Maternal hemoglobin concentrations were significantly lower in smokers, but fetal hemoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in babies of smokers. The proportion of pregnant women who smoked during pregnancy was higher among urban women, among women with lower educational level and among unemployed subjects in comparison with nonsmokers. The pregnant women who smoked during pregnancy were more often caffeine and alcohol consumers. To further reduce smoking during pregnancy it is important to continue to promote smoking cessation among teenagers
Analysis and Selection of the Most Favorable Energy Generating Product for the Heating Requirements of a Production Plant
Provedena je analiza i izbor najpovoljnijeg energenta za izgaranje i pretvorbu u toplinsku energiju za tehnoloÅ”ke potrebe, grijanje i pripremu PTV ā e proizvodnog pogona u kontinentalnom klimatskom podruÄju. Analizirani energenti su: prirodni plin, bioplin, drvna sjeÄka, peleti i ekstra lako loživo ulje. I uz 1,5 ā 2,0 puta veÄa investicijska ulaganja u termoenergetsko postrojenje obnovljiva drvna sjeÄka je ekoloÅ”ki i ekonomski najpovoljnije pogonsko gorivo za proizvodnju toplinske energije. U tom sluÄaju cijena 1 kWh toplinske energije je viÅ”estruko manja (3 ā 7 puta) od cijene 1 kWh toplinske energije dobivene izgaranjem ostalih analiziranih pogonskih goriva. Rast jediniÄne cijene drvne sjeÄke osjetljivo ne utjeÄe na održivost i ekonomiÄnost cijene 1 kWh toplinske energije. Emisija Å”tetnih plinova u okolinu je najmanja.The analysis and selection of the most favorable energy generating product for the combustion and transformation into thermal energy for technological needs, heating and preparation of consumable hot water (CHW) of a production plant in the continental climate area were carried out. The analyzed energy generating products are: natural gas, biogas, wood chips, pellets and extra light heating oil. Even with 1.5 ā 2.0 times higher investments in thermal energy plant, renewable wood chips are, from the ecological and economical perspective, still the most favorable drive fuel for the production of thermal energy. In this case the price of 1kWh of thermal energy is several times lower (3 ā 7 times) than the price of 1kWh of thermal energy obtained by the combustion of other analyzed drive fuels. The increase in the unit price of wood chips does not strongly affect the sustainability and costāefficiency of the price of 1 kWh of thermal energy. The emission of harmful gases into the environment is the lowest
Analysis and Selection of the Most Favorable Energy Generating Product for the Heating Requirements of a Production Plant
Provedena je analiza i izbor najpovoljnijeg energenta za izgaranje i pretvorbu u toplinsku energiju za tehnoloÅ”ke potrebe, grijanje i pripremu PTV ā e proizvodnog pogona u kontinentalnom klimatskom podruÄju. Analizirani energenti su: prirodni plin, bioplin, drvna sjeÄka, peleti i ekstra lako loživo ulje. I uz 1,5 ā 2,0 puta veÄa investicijska ulaganja u termoenergetsko postrojenje obnovljiva drvna sjeÄka je ekoloÅ”ki i ekonomski najpovoljnije pogonsko gorivo za proizvodnju toplinske energije. U tom sluÄaju cijena 1 kWh toplinske energije je viÅ”estruko manja (3 ā 7 puta) od cijene 1 kWh toplinske energije dobivene izgaranjem ostalih analiziranih pogonskih goriva. Rast jediniÄne cijene drvne sjeÄke osjetljivo ne utjeÄe na održivost i ekonomiÄnost cijene 1 kWh toplinske energije. Emisija Å”tetnih plinova u okolinu je najmanja.The analysis and selection of the most favorable energy generating product for the combustion and transformation into thermal energy for technological needs, heating and preparation of consumable hot water (CHW) of a production plant in the continental climate area were carried out. The analyzed energy generating products are: natural gas, biogas, wood chips, pellets and extra light heating oil. Even with 1.5 ā 2.0 times higher investments in thermal energy plant, renewable wood chips are, from the ecological and economical perspective, still the most favorable drive fuel for the production of thermal energy. In this case the price of 1kWh of thermal energy is several times lower (3 ā 7 times) than the price of 1kWh of thermal energy obtained by the combustion of other analyzed drive fuels. The increase in the unit price of wood chips does not strongly affect the sustainability and costāefficiency of the price of 1 kWh of thermal energy. The emission of harmful gases into the environment is the lowest
Longitudinal Analysis of Basic Motor and Functional Abilities of Elementary School Pupils
The aim of the research was to conduct a longitudinal study of motor and cardiorespiratory fitness of 5th to 7th grade elementary male and female pupils in the period from 2005 to 2020. The pupils (1649) were divided into 3 generation groups: the older (2005ā2009), the middle (2010ā2015) and the younger group (2016 ā 2020). There is a noticeable decrease in flexibility among all pupils and grades of younger generations. Results indicate poorer performance of younger gener ation of 5th graders in speed and power. The 7th grade female pupils who were tested in the 2015 ā 2020 period, showed a significant decline in all motor and cardiorespiratory fitness compared to the other two generation groups, except for upper body power. Every four years, an evaluation of test results should be carried out so that each Physical Education teacher in a particular school can accurately compare and standardise the obtained values
Sustavna terapija raka debelog crijeva ā pregled novih kliniÄkih studija
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract worldwide, and also one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, accounting for more than 600000 deaths every year. Depending on the stage of the disease some patients who were surgically treated for CRC with curative intent require adjuvant chemotherapy (fluorouracile-based), which reduces the risk of recurrence and death in patients with stage III CRC, but its role in stage II is still controversial. Pathogenesis of CRC is a result of two different genetic pathways: chromosomal instability (CIN), and inactivation of mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Stage II patients with deficient MMR tumor status do not benefit from adjuvant therapy and should receive surgery alone. For patients with metastatic CRC optimal sequence of chemotherapy regimens and targeted therapy is still debated. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been validated as a therapeutic target in several human tumors including CRC. Recently it has been reported that activating mutations in exons 2, 3, and 4 of both KRAS and NRAS all predict a lack of response to EGFR trageted agents. Recent studies suggest BRAF is another prognostic and potential predictive biomarker of CRC. It is necessary to indentify new prognostic and predictive markers, to acquire maximal benefit from every therapy line and to improve prognosis of these patients.Rak debelog crijeva (CRC) najuÄestalija je maligna neoplazma gastrointestinalnog trakta, te je sa preko 600.000 smrti godiÅ”nje jedan od vodeÄih uzroka smrtnosti od zloÄudnih bolesti. Ovisno o stadiju bolesti, neki od bolesnika koji su kirurÅ”ki lijeÄeni radi raka debelog crijeva s ciljem izljeÄenja zahtijevaju primjenu adjuvantne kemoterapije (bazirane na fluorouracilu) koja smanjuje rizik povrata bolesti i smrti u III. stadiju bolesti, no njena uloga u stadiju II joÅ” je uvijek nedovoljno jasna. Patogeneza u CRC rezultat je dvaju razliÄitih molekulsko-genskih mehanizama: kromosomske nestabilnosti (CIN) te inaktivacije gena koji sudjeluju u popravku pogreÅ”no spojenih fragmenata DNA (MMR). Na temelju provedenih istraživanja, u bolesnika stadija II u kojih je prisutan deficijentan MMR status ne postoji dobit od primjene adjuvantne terapije te je u toj skupini bolesnika kirurÅ”ko lijeÄenje dostatno. U bolesnika s metatastatskim CRC joÅ” uvijek nema konsenzusa o optimalnom redoslijedu kemoterapijskih protokola i ciljane bioloÅ”ke terapije. Receptor za epidermalni Äimbenik rasta (EGFR) potvrÄen je kao terapijski cilj u viÅ”e humanih tumora, ukljuÄujuÄi CRC. Odnedavno, istraživanja su pokazala da aktivirajuÄe mutacije na eksonima 2, 3 i 4 KRAS i NRAS gena dovode do izostanka odgovora na ciljanu terapiju usmjerenu na EGFR. BRAF je joÅ” jedan od istraživanih biljega u raku debelog crijeva, te je pokazano da je povezan sa loÅ”ijom prognozom. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja i identifikacija novih prognostiÄkih i prediktivnih biljega kako bi se postigla maksimalna uÄinkovitost svake terapijske linije te poboljÅ”ala prognoza ovih bolesnika
OzraÄivanje slezene u bolesnika sa zloÄudnim i drugim hematoloÅ”kim bolestima ā iskustva jedne bolniÄke ustanove
Splenic irradiation has long been known as a palliative treatment modality in patients with various malignant hematologic diseases aiming to ameliorate clinical symptoms of splenomegaly as well as clinical sequels of hypersplenism. It provides considerable effect with low toxicity although exact radiotherapy dose and fractionation schedule are not known. During the 1996-2010 period, eleven patients were treated at our institution with splenic irradiation. They received 16 courses of fractionated radiotherapy. There were six patients with non-Hodgkinās lymphoma, four with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and one patient with myelofibrosis. The median of the dose received was 7 Gy, while the median of dose received per fraction was 1 Gy. Both parallel opposed anterior-posterior fields and tangential fields were used. Due to the clinical target volume shrinkage, the treatment field was reduced in 44% of courses. Of the courses initiated for symptom control, 71% resulted in effective palliation, whereas of the courses started to treat hematologic sequels of hypersplenism 50% produced desirable effects. The most common side effects included thrombocytopenia and anemia. Splenic irradiation provides effective and low-toxic palliation of symptoms but it is much less successful in treating hematologic disorders caused by hypersplenism.OzraÄivanje slezene je najstariji poznati naÄin palijativnog lijeÄenja bolesnika s razliÄitim zloÄudnim hematoloÅ”kim bolestima. Ima za cilj umanjiti kliniÄke simptome splenomegalije, kao i posljedice hipersplenizma. OzraÄivanje slezene ima znaÄajan uÄinak uz nisku toksiÄnost, ali toÄna radioterapijska doza kao i naÄin frakcioniranja nisu poznati. IzmeÄu 1996. i 2010. godine 11 bolesnika je lijeÄeno u naÅ”oj ustanovi ovim postupkom. Ti bolesnici su primili ukupno 16 aplikacija frakcioniranog zraÄenja. Å est bolesnika je imalo ne-Hodgkinov limfom, Äetiri kroniÄnu limfatiÄnu leukemiju, a jedan bolesnik je imao mijelofibrozu. Medijan aplicirane tumorske doze bio je 7 Gy, a medijan aplicirane doze po frakciji 1 Gy. KoriÅ”tena su nasuprotna paralelna te tangencijska radioterapijska polja. Zbog smanjenja kliniÄkog ciljnog volumena terapijsko polje je tijekom postupka radioterapije smanjeno u 44% radioterapijskih aplikacija. Od radioterapijskih postupaka zapoÄetih s ciljem kontrole simptoma 71% ih je rezultiralo uspjeÅ”nom palijacijom, dok je od postupaka koji su zapoÄeti radi popravka hematoloÅ”kih posljedica hipersplenizma njih 50% izazvalo željeni uÄinak. NajÄeÅ”Äe nuspojave bile su trombocitopenija i anemija. OzraÄivanje slezene omoguÄuje uÄinkovitu i nisko toksiÄnu palijaciju simptoma, ali je manje uspjeÅ”no u lijeÄenju hematoloÅ”kih poremeÄaja uzrokovanih hipersplenizmom