Settling Decisions and Heterospecific Social Information Use in Shrikes

Animals often settle near competitors, a behavior known as social attraction, which belies standard habitat selection theory. Two hypotheses account for these observations: individuals obtain Allee benefits mediated by the physical presence of a competitor, or they use successfully settled individual as a source of information indicating the location of high quality habitat. We evaluated these hypotheses experimentally in two species of shrikes. These passerine birds with a raptor-like mode of life impale prey to create larders that serve as an indicator of male/habitat quality. Thus, two forms of indirect information are available in our system: a successfully settled shrike and its larder. Typically these two cues are associated with each other, however, our experimental treatment created an unnatural situation by disassociating them. We manipulated the presence of larders of great grey shrikes and examined the settling decisions of red-backed shrikes within and outside the great grey shrike territories. Male red-backed shrikes did not settle sooner on plots with great grey shrikes compared to plots that only contained artificial larders indicating that red-backed shrikes do not use the physical presence of a great grey shrike when making settling decisions which is inconsistent with the Allee effect hypothesis. In contrast, for all plots without great grey shrikes, red-backed shrikes settled, paired and laid clutches sooner on plots with larders compared to plots without larders. We conclude that red-backed shrikes use larders of great grey shrikes as a cue to rapidly assess habitat quality

Rhetoric and pluralism: legacies of Wayne Booth

(print) xii, 336 p. ; 24 cmAcknowledgments -- Short titles -- Introduction. p.1 -- 1. Teaching the topics: character, rhetoric, and liberal education. p.19 -- 2. Cultural literacy: concepts and information. p.40 -- 3. Wayne Booth and the ethics of fiction. p.59 -- 4. Elie Wiesel and the ethics of fiction. p.71 -- 5. Booth, Bakhtin, and the culture of criticism. p.88 -- 6. From pluralism to heteroglossia: Wayne Booth and the pragmatics of critical reviewing. p.104 -- 7. Pluralism, politics, and the evaluation of criticism. p.119 -- 8. Wayne Booth and the politics of ethics. p.135 -- 9. Learning to read Martin Luther King's "Pilgrimage to nonviolence": Wayne Booth, character, and the ethical criticism of public address. p.153 -- 10. "Three times out of five something happens": James M. Cain and the ethics of music. p.167 -- 11. Keeping the company of sophisters, economists, and calculators. p.187 -- 12. Saying what goes without saying: the rhetoric of Bacon's Essays. p.211 -- 13. Wayne Booth and the ethics of argument. p.239 -- 14. The logic and rhetoric of systematic assent. p.253 -- 15. Rhetoric without sophistry: Wayne Booth and the rhetoric of inquiry. p.266 -- Afterword: let us all mount our good chargers, whatever their names, and gallop off joyfully in all directions, a mysteriously united company serving the empress of all the sciences, rhetoric. p.279 -- Bibliography: Wayne C. Booth. p.309 -- Contributors. p.323 -- Index. p.32

Anti-CD45 pretargeted radioimmunotherapy using bismuth-213: high rates of complete remission and long-term survival in a mouse myeloid leukemia xenograft model

Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) using an anti-CD45 antibody (Ab)–streptavidin (SA) conjugate and DOTA-biotin labeled with β-emitting radionuclides has been explored as a strategy to decrease relapse and toxicity. α-emitting radionuclides exhibit high cytotoxicity coupled with a short path length, potentially increasing the therapeutic index and making them an attractive alternative to β-emitting radionuclides for patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Accordingly, we have used (213)Bi in mice with human leukemia xenografts. Results demonstrated excellent localization of (213)Bi-DOTA-biotin to tumors with minimal uptake into normal organs. After 10 minutes, 4.5% ± 1.1% of the injected dose of (213)Bi was delivered per gram of tumor. α-imaging demonstrated uniform radionuclide distribution within tumor tissue 45 minutes after (213)Bi-DOTA-biotin injection. Radiation absorbed doses were similar to those observed using a β-emitting radionuclide ((90)Y) in the same model. We conducted therapy experiments in a xenograft model using a single-dose of (213)Bi-DOTA-biotin given 24 hours after anti-CD45 Ab-SA conjugate. Among mice treated with anti-CD45 Ab-SA conjugate followed by 800 μCi of (213)Bi- or (90)Y-DOTA-biotin, 80% and 20%, respectively, survived leukemia-free for more than 100 days with minimal toxicity. These data suggest that anti-CD45 PRIT using an α-emitting radionuclide may be highly effective and minimally toxic for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia