Impact of the age on early embryonic mortality (EEM) and embryo quality in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)

Die vorliegende Studie über den Alterseinfluß bei der Honigbiene (Apis mellifera) besteht aus drei Hauptteilen. Der erste Teil befasst sich mit den Charakteristiken des Spermathekeninhalts alter und junger Bienenköniginnen. Im zweiten Teil geht es um die Auswirkungen des maternalen Alters auf die embryonale Mortalität und die juvenile Entwicklung der Brut. Im dritten Studienteil werden die Auswirkungen der Verweildauer in der Spermatheca auf die embryonale Mortalität, Embryonenqualität und Larvenentwicklung der Nachkommen untersucht. Der Samen aus den Spermatheken älterer Bienen weist andere Bewegungsmuster, eine geringere Geschwindigkeit und eine anderen Enzymaktivität auf als der Samen, der aus den Spermatheken junger Königinnen gewonnen wurde. Ein altersbedingtes Nachlassen der Fertlität ist daraus zu erklären. Im Laufe von zwei Jahren wurde die embryonale Entwicklung und das Larvenwachstum von Nachkommen unterschiedlich alter Königinnen untersucht (2-jährige bis frisch begattete Königinnen). Ältere Königinnen legten kleinere Eier und deren Nachkommen zeigten eine signifikant höhere Mortalitätsrate und kleinere Entwicklungsstadien als die Nachkommen jüngerer Königinnen. In einer weiteren Studie wurde die embryonale Mortalität und die Embryonalentwicklung von Nachkommen, die aus älteren Samen entstanden, untersucht. Dabei wurde der Samen aus den Spermatheken von alten und jungen begatteten Königin entnommen und jungfräuliche Königinnen übertragen. um das Alter der Königin auszugleichen. Bei der Untersuchung wurde eine höhere embryonale Mortalität und generell, zu gewissen Entwicklungszeiten signifikant, kleine Entwicklungsstadien bei den Königinnen festgestellt, die mit dem älteren Samen befruchtet wurden. Der relative Anteil an früher und später embryonaler Mortalität war auch zwischen den beiden Spermien-Alterlassen signifikant unterschiedlich. Die insgesamt hohe embryonale Mortalität auch in der Kontrollgruppe (Königinnen besamt mit Sperma aus den Spermathecen junger Königinnen) belegt, dass die Methode der Samenextraktion und Reinsemination einen großen Einfluß auf die Embryonalentwicklung hatte. Auch das Phänomen „leerer Eier“, welches in beiden Gruppen in gleicher Frequenz vorgefunden wurde, ist möglicherweise durch diese Methode bedingt.This study on the honey bee, Apis mellifera, consists of three major parts. The first involves the characteristics of the spermathecal content of old and young honey bee queen. The second examines maternal age effects on embryonic mortality and juvenile development of offspring in the honey bee. The third investigates on the impact of semen age on early embryonic mortality, embryo quality and larvae development in the honey bee. Semen collected from the spermatheca of old queen bees show different sperm movement patterns and slower speed than sperm from the spermathecae of young queens. This ability is possibly related to different enzyme activities and metabolisms found in the spermathecal contents of differently aged queens. The embryonic development and larval growth rate have been examined with regard to queen honey bees of different ages (2-year-old to freshly mated queens) during two years (2005 and 2006). Early embryonic mortality “EEM” has been found to be higher within the eggs from old queens than in those from younger queens. Egg volume, consequently embryo size, reduces as queen’s age. A further investigates embryonic mortality in offspring originating from older semen. This has been carried out by extracting the semen from the spermatheca of an old or/and young mated queen and re-inseminating it into a virgin queen, in order to adjust for queen age. The investigation show higher embryonic mortality in the offspring from virgin queens inseminated with semen extracted from older queens than with semen from younger queens. The relative percentage of early and late embryonic mortality within the groups was different between queens re-inseminated with aged semen. High embryonic mortality in the control semen ages may be affected by the method of extracting from semen out of the spermatheca and re-inseminating it into a virgin queen. Empty egg phenomenon, which has been found in both groups, may be related to this techniqu

Phenotypic spectrum of fetal Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.

International audienceThe Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital malformation syndrome caused by dehydrocholesterol reductase deficiency. The diagnosis is confirmed by high 7- and secondarily 8-dehydrocholesterol levels in plasma and tissues and/or by detection of biallelic mutations in the DHCR7 gene. The phenotypic spectrum of SLOS is broad, ranging from a mild phenotype combining subtle physical anomalies with behavioral and learning problems, to a perinatally lethal multiple malformations syndrome. The fetal phenotype of SLOS has been poorly described in the literature. We report a series of 10 fetuses with molecularly proven SLOS. Even in young fetuses, the facial dysmorphism appears characteristic. Genital abnormalities are rare in 46,XX subjects. Gonadal differentiation appears histologically normal and in agreement with the chromosomal sex, contrary to what has been previously stated. We observed some previously unreported anomalies: ulnar hypoplasia, vertebral segmentation anomalies, congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformation, fused lungs, gastroschisis, holomyelia and hypothalamic hamartoma. This latter malformation proves that SLOS phenotypically overlaps with Pallister-Hall syndrome which remains clinically a major differential diagnosis of SLOS

CT Pulmonary Angiography for Risk Stratification of Patients with Nonmassive Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of an integrative approach combining clinical variables and the Qanadli CT obstruction index (CTOI) in patients with nonmassive acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 705 consecutive patients (mean age, 63 years; range, 18–95 years) with proven PE. Clot burden was quantified using the CTOI, which reflects the ratio of fully or partially obstructed pulmonary arteries to normal arteries. Patients were subdivided into two groups according to the presence (group A) or absence (group B) of preexisting cardiopulmonary disease. Thirty-day and 3-month mortality was evaluated. CTOI thresholds of 20% and 40% were used to stratify patients regarding outcome (low, intermediate, and high risk). The predictive value of CTOI was assessed through logistic regression analysis. Results: Analysis included 690 patients (mean age, 63.3 years 6 18 [standard deviation]) with complete follow-up data: 247 (36%) in group A and 443 (64%) in group B. The mean CTOI was 23% 6 19, 30-day mortality was 9.7%, and 3-month mortality was 11.6%. Three-month mortality was higher in group A than in group B (17.8% and 8.1%, respectively; P = .001). Within group B, CTOI predicted outcome and allowed stratification: significantly higher mortality with CTOI greater than 40% (P , .001) and lower mortality with CTOI less than 20% (P = .05). CTOI did not predict outcome in group A. Age was an independent mortality risk factor (P < .04). Conclusion: CTOI predicted outcome in this cohort of patients with PE and no cardiopulmonary disease, and it may provide a simple single-examination–based approach for risk stratification in this subset of patients

Con le fondamenta nel Medioevo: Sant'Antonio di Padova a Bologna

L'articolo descrive le scelte relative all'edificazione nei primi anni del XX secolo della chiesa di Sant'Antonio da Padova, uno dei migliori esempi bolognesi di architettura revivalistica. Dopo un primo progetto di Collamarini, l'architetto di fiducia di Rubbiani, il complesso viene compiuto su disegno di Carlo Barberi, restauratore del Duomo di Modena e dell'abbazia di Nonantola, in stile gotico. Le fonti documentarie collocano l'intero percorso edilizio entro i confini del 1904

Measurements of the aortic blood attenuation and of the pre-sternal fat pad thickness, at the level of the left common coronary trunk.

<p>Measurements of the aortic blood attenuation and of the pre-sternal fat pad thickness, at the level of the left common coronary trunk.</p

Models of thresholds based on attenuation values of aortic blood and myocardium.

<p>Models were built on the mean attenuation value maximized by 1, 2, 3 or 4 SD.</p><p>Models of thresholds based on attenuation values of aortic blood and myocardium.</p