Mean rectal temperatures (°C) of pigs.

<p>Mean rectal temperatures in co-infected (MH1N1) and control (C) pigs fed <i>ad libitum</i> (AL) or feed restricted (FR) : C-AL (black dashed line), C-FR (gray dashed line), MH1N1-AL (black solid line) and MH1N1-FR groups (gray solid line), from the day of Mhp inoculation (day 0) until the end of the experiment. Arrows indicate the day of the beginning of the feed restriction (day 15) and the day of H1N1 inoculation (day 21).</p

Distribution (%) of MIC values (in µg/mL) of group n°2 antimicrobials.

<p>MICs of marbofloxacin, danofloxacin, gamithromycin, tildipirosin, tulathromycin, valnemulin for 27 <i>M. bovis</i> strains isolated in 1978–1979 (white bars) and 30 <i>M. bovis</i> strains isolated in 2010–2012 (black bars). When available, CLSI breakpoints for bovine <i>Pasteurellaceae</i> are given under the X axis: - strains with MIC values less than or equal to the dilution indicated in the dotted-line arrow are susceptible, - strains with MIC values greater than the dilution indicated in the full-line arrow are resistant, all other strains are intermediate.</p

Distribution (%) of MIC values (in µg/mL) of group n°1 antimicrobials.

<p>MICs of tylosin, tilmicosin, spectinomycin, oxytetracycline and florfenicol for 27 <i>M. bovis</i> strains isolated in 1978–1979 (white bars) and 46 isolated in 2010–2012 (black bars). MICs of enrofloxacin, for 27 <i>M. bovis</i> strains isolated in 1978- 1979 (white bars) and 143 <i>M. bovis</i> strains isolated in 2010–2012 (black bars). When available, CLSI breakpoints for bovine <i>Pasteurellaceae</i> are given under the X axis: - strains with MIC values less than or equal to the dilution indicated in the dotted-line arrow are susceptible, - strains with MIC values greater than the dilution indicated in the full-line arrow are resistant, - all other strains are intermediate.</p

Plasma total IgG concentrations (g/L) during the time course of the experiment in control (C) and co-infected (MH1N1) pigs.

<p>Standard errors of the mean (SEM) of control (C) and co-infected (MH1N1) conditions are presented with <i>ad libitum</i> (AL) and feed restricted (FR) pigs pooled together (C-AL+C-FR vs. MH1N1-AL+MH1N1-FR) because the effect of the feeding level (-AL or -FR) and its interactions with the effects of infection (I) and time (T) were not significant.</p>a,b<p>: concentrations with different letters are significantly different with P<0.001.</p

Pathogen detections and quantifications in nasal swab supernatants and lung tissues of inoculated pigs.

a<p>Qualitative results of M gene real-time RT-PCR in nasal swab supernatants collected at 2, 3 and 7 DPI H1N1 and in lung tissues collected at necropsy (+ and − : positive and negative genome detection).</p>b<p>Results of virus titration in nasal swab supernatants. Virus titers are expressed in log TCID50/ml (ni: not isolated; nt: not tested; *: averages calculated with values obtained from successful titrations).</p>c<p>Results of Mhp quantification (expressed in pg DNA/25 mg organ) in lungs at necropsy. SD: standard deviation. N.a.: not applicable.</p

Mean daily weight gain (kg) of pigs after Mhp and H1N1 inoculations.

<p>Mean daily weight gains between Day (D) 14 and D21 (the week before H1N1 infection), between D21 and D24 (between 0 and 3 DPI H1N1), between D21 and D28 (between 0 and 7 DPI H1N1) and between D14 and D28, for control (C) or co-infected (MH1N1) groups fed <i>ad libitum</i> (AL) or feed restricted (FR): C-AL (hatched black), C-FR (hatched gray), MH1N1-AL (black) and MH1N1-FR (gray) groups. Mean daily weight gains with different letters are significantly different with P<0.05.</p

Experimental design.

<p>Experimental design.</p

Average area under the curve for plasma amino acid concentrations (µMxmin) calculated during the 4 hours of blood sampling following the meal test (basal values are included) in control (C) and co-infected (MH1N1) pigs fed <i>ad libitum</i> (AL) or feed restricted (FR).

<p>Values are least square means. n = number of pigs. SEM = standard error of the mean; I = Infection; FR = Feed restriction; ns = not significant (P>0.05).</p>a,b<p>: values with different letters are significantly different with P<0.05; ns = not significant: P>0.05 for I×FR and P>0.1 for I and FR.</p