(Une) tentative pour faire aimer l'étude du français dans la junior high school.

Typewritten sheets in cover. Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Är depersonalisationssyndrom underdiagnostiserat i svensk psykiatri?

Utländska studier gör gällande att depersonalisationssyndrom (DPD) är lika vanligt som bipolär sjukdom eller tvångssyndrom. Trots detta betraktas DPD som ett ovanligt tillstånd inom psykiatrin. Det anses inte vara en självständig diagnos, utan endast symtom vid andra störningar. Depersonalisationssyndrom uppges därför av forskare vara en av den moderna tidens mest förbisedda diagnoser. Ingen svensk studie har tidigare genomförts för att kartlägga DPD. En enkätstudie genomfördes för att undersöka om depersonalisationssyndrom är underdiagnostiserat inom vuxen allmänpsykiatri i Sverige. Studien ämnade undersöka dels förekomst av depersonalisationssyndrom bland patienter, dels kunskapsläget om och inställningen till DPD hos psykologer och psykiatrer som arbetar på mottagningarna. 468 patienter och 146 behandlare deltog i studien. Resultatet visade att 39% av de deltagande patienterna uppfyllde kriterierna för DPD. Av samtliga patienter uppgav 1 patient (0,2 %) diagnosen DPD. Resultatet visade också att hälften av behandlarna ansåg att de hade obefintlig eller liten kunskap om DPD. 99 % av behandlarna uppgav att de aldrig eller sällan satte diagnosen. Slutsatsen är att depersonalisationssyndrom är underdiagnostiserat även inom svensk psykiatri, och att DPD som diagnos bör uppmärksammas så att patienter som befinner sig i tillståndet får rätt behandling.Studies claim that depersonalization disorder (DPD) is just as common as bipolar disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder. DPD is, despite this fact, seen as a rare condition within psychiatry, and not considered to be a diagnosis on its own. Instead it´s just regarded as symptoms that accompanies other psychiatric conditions. For that reason scientists claim that depersonalization disorder is one of the most neglected diagnoses of modern times. No other Swedish study has been made before to investigate the issues of DPD. A survey was therefore conducted to examine whether depersonalization disorder is under-diagnosed within outpatient psychiatric care for adults in Sweden. The survey investigated on one side the prevalence of depersonalization disorder among patients, on the other side the knowledge about and the attitude towards DPD among psychologists and psychiatrists working at the clinics. 468 patients and 146 clinicians completed the survey. The results show that case level of DPD was found in 39 % of the patients. Of all patients only one (0,2 %) was diagnosed with DPD. The results show that half of the clinicians considered themselves to have none or little knowledge about DPD. 99 % of them stated that they never or seldom used the diagnosis. Our results suggest that depersonalization disorder is an under-diagnosed condition also within Swedish psychiatry, and that DPD as a diagnosis should be payed attention to, so patients who suffer from the condition can receive proper treatment

När mat blir sopor

Mycket av den mat vi producerar idag slängs eller försvinner innan den ens hinner hamna på tallriken. Denna studie fördjupar sig i matsvinn i butiksled, och utgör en pilotstudie inför ett större svinn-forskningsprojekt vid Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (2010-2013). Pilotstudien bidrog till att skapa en överblick över det praktiska arbetet med färskvarusvinn, inklusive det bakomliggande varuflödet, i en modern Willy:sbutik. Den gav också ett stickprov på vilka mängder som svinn-registrerades för de två undersökta avdelningarna Frukt & grönt respektive Kött under några sommarveckor 2010 – 3,4 % respektive 4,1 %. En slutsats från studien var att beställningsarbetet utgjorde grunden för mängden svinn, eftersom detta skede avgjorde hur mycket varor som skulle ledas in i butikens varuflöde. I beställningsarbetet skedde en avvägning mellan att ha välfyllda hyllor, för att stimulera till en hög försäljning, respektive att ha ett lågt svinn. Denna avvägning konkretiserades för varje avdelning i ett svinn-mål, där Frukt och grönt-avdelningen hade ett mål på 2,0 % och Köttavdelningen 2,4 % En viktig observation inför det kommande forskningsprojektet var att krediteringsflödet var överraskande stort, uppskattningsvis minst lika stort som butikens eget svinn, men att detta inte dokumenterades som butikssvinn. När varorna väl kommit in i butikens varuflöde, fanns flera åtgärder som gjordes för att hindra att varorna måste kasseras. Några exempel var: FIF-regeln, Först In-Först Ut; Etikettvård; Varuvård; och Prisnedsättning. Det konkreta svinnarbetet handlade om att sortera ut förpackade varor med kort datum och oförpackade varor efter en subjektiv bedömning av personalen. Denna bedömning gjordes efter mallen: ”Skulle jag köpa detta själv?”. De utsorterade varorna togs till ett svinnbord på lagret, där de registrerades med hjälp av en svinndosa och sedan kastades i respektive sopkärl. 4 För oförpackade varor, som inte kunde scannas, uppskattades först vikten utan våg, varefter vikten och en PLU.kod knappades in i svinndosan; våg saknades vid svinnbordet. Informationen kring svinn i butiken hanterades genom daglig svinn-registrering (som automatiskt lades över från svinndosan till datasystemet AxBO), och veckovis utskrift av svinnrapporter som tillsammans med en svinnanalys – en notering av veckans topp-fem-svinn-registrerade varor – arkiverades i en svinnpärm. Denna rutin började ersättas av veckovisa svinnsamtal som skedde mellan teamchefen för respektive avdelning och dennes personal. Sammanfattningsvis framgickdet att svinn på ett eller annat sätt var närvarande vid nästan alla arbetsmoment, och att butiken ständigt behövde hantera dilemmat att både minska sitt svinn och att behålla en attraktiv och lönsam butik

Adherence to the Swedish dietary guidelines and the impact on mortality and climate in a population-based cohort study

Abstract Objective: To assess the associations between adherence to the Swedish dietary guidelines and all-cause mortality (i.e. assessing the index’ ability to predict health outcomes), as well as levels of dietary greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs). Design: A longitudinal study 1990–2016 within the population-based cohort Västerbotten Intervention Programme. Dietary data were based on FFQs. Diet quality was assessed by the Swedish Healthy Eating Index for Adults 2015 (SHEIA15), based on the 2015 Swedish dietary guidelines. Dietary GHGEs were estimated from life cycle assessment data including emissions from farm to industry gate. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI of all-cause mortality were evaluated with Cox proportional hazards regression, and differences in median GHGEs were tested between quintiles of SHEIA15 score using the Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA test. Setting: Northern Sweden. Participants: In total, 49 124 women and 47 651 men, aged 35–65 years. Results: Median follow-up times were 16·0 years for women and 14·7 years for men, during which time 3074 women and 4212 men died. A consistent trend of lower all-cause mortality HR for both sexes with higher SHEIA15 scores was demonstrated. For women, the all-cause mortality HR was 0·81 ((95 % CI 0·71, 0·92); P = 0·001) and for men 0·90 ((95 % CI 0·81, 0·996); P = 0·041) between the quintile with the highest SHEIA15 score compared with the quintile with the lowest SHEIA15 score. A consistent trend of lower estimated dietary GHGEs among both sexes with higher SHEIA15 scores was also found. Conclusions: Adherence to Swedish dietary guidelines, estimated by SHEIA15, seems to promote longevity and reduce dietary climate impact

Quantitative Genetic Effects of Bottlenecks: Experimental Evidence from a Wild Plant Species, Nigella degenii

Understanding the genetic consequences of changes in population size is fundamental in a variety of contexts, such as adaptation and conservation biology. In the study presented here, we have performed a replicated experiment with the plant Nigella degenii to explore the quantitative genetic effects of a single-founder bottleneck. In agreement with additive theory, the bottleneck reduced the mean (co)variance within lines and caused stochastic, line-specific changes in the genetic (co)variance structure. However, a significant portion of the (co)variance structure was conserved, and 2 characters—leaf and flower (sepal) size—turned out to be positively correlated in all data sets, indicating a potential for correlated evolution in these characters, even after a severe bottleneck. The hierarchical partitioning of genetic variance for flower size was in good agreement with predictions from additive theory, whereas the remaining characters showed an excess of within-line variance and a deficiency of among-line variance. The latter discrepancies were most likely a result of selection, given the small proportion of lines (23%) that remained viable until the end of the experiment. Our results suggest that bottlenecked populations of N. degenii generally have a lower adaptive potential than the ancestral population but also highlight the idiosyncratic nature of bottleneck effects

Causal Effect of Genetic Variants Associated With Body Mass Index on Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Recent studies indicate that childhood and adolescent obesity double the risk of MS, but this association may reflect unmeasured confounders rather than causal effects of obesity. We used separate-sample Mendelian randomization to estimate the causal effect of body mass index (BMI) on susceptibility to MS. Using data from non-Hispanic white members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Plan of Northern California (KPNC) (2006-2014; 1,104 cases of MS and 10,536 controls) and a replication data set from Sweden (the Epidemiological Investigation of MS (EIMS) and the Genes and Environment in MS (GEMS) studies, 2005-2013; 5,133 MS cases and 4,718 controls), we constructed a weighted genetic risk score using 97 variants previously established to predict BMI. Results were adjusted for birth year, sex, education, smoking status, ancestry, and genetic predictors of MS. Estimates in KPNC and Swedish data sets suggested that higher genetically induced BMI predicted greater susceptibility to MS (odds ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.22 for the KPNC sample; odds ratio = 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.15 for the Swedish sample). Although the mechanism remains unclear, to our knowledge, these findings support a causal effect of increased BMI on susceptibility to MS for the first time, and they suggest a role for inflammatory pathways that characterize both obesity and the MS disease process.National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Wayne and Gladys Valley Foundation Ellison Medical Foundation AFA Foundation Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation Swedish Brain Foundation Margareta af Ugglas Foundation European Union Seventh Framework Programme NEURINOX Swedish Medical Research Council Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare Biogen Inc Merck Serono Teva Neuroscience Sanofi Novartis Bayer Schering Pharma Swedish Research Council Swedish Childhood Diabetes Foundation Neurologiskt Handikappades Riksforbund Foundation Genzyme Merck Bioge

Validation of an open source, remote web‐based eye‐tracking method (WebGazer) for research in early childhood

Measuring eye movements remotely via the participant's webcam promises to be an attractive methodological addition to in-person eye-tracking in the lab. However, there is a lack of systematic research comparing remote web-based eye-tracking with in-lab eye-tracking in young children. We report a multi-lab study that compared these two measures in an anticipatory looking task with toddlers using WebGazer.js and jsPsych. Results of our remotely tested sample of 18-27-month-old toddlers (N = 125) revealed that web-based eye-tracking successfully captured goal-based action predictions, although the proportion of the goal-directed anticipatory looking was lower compared to the in-lab sample (N = 70). As expected, attrition rate was substantially higher in the web-based (42%) than the in-lab sample (10%). Excluding trials based on visual inspection of the match of time-locked gaze coordinates and the participant's webcam video overlayed on the stimuli was an important preprocessing step to reduce noise in the data. We discuss the use of this remote web-based method in comparison with other current methodological innovations. Our study demonstrates that remote web-based eye-tracking can be a useful tool for testing toddlers, facilitating recruitment of larger and more diverse samples; a caveat to consider is the larger drop-out rate

A retrospective study of PBDEs and PCBs in human milk from the Faroe Islands

BACKGROUND: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wildlife and humans remain a cause of global concern, both in regard to traditional POPs, such as the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and emerging POPs, such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). To determine the time related concentrations, we analyzed human milk for these substances at three time points between 1987 and 1999. Polychlorobiphenylols (OH-PCBs), the dominating class of PCB metabolites, some of which are known to be strongly retained in human blood, were also included in the assessment. METHODS: We obtained milk from the Faroe Islands, where the population is exposed to POPs from their traditional diet (which may include pilot whale blubber). In addition to three pools, nine individual samples from the last time point were also analyzed. After cleanup, partitioning of neutral and acidic compounds, and separation of chemical classes, the analyses were carried out by gas chromatography and/or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Compared to other European populations, the human milk had high PCB concentrations, with pool concentrations of 2300 ng/g fat 1987, 1600 ng/g fat in 1994, and 1800 ng/g fat in 1999 (based on the sum of eleven major PCB congeners). The nine individual samples showed great variation in PCB concentrations. The OH-PCBs were present in trace amounts only, at levels of approximately 1% of the PCB concentrations. The PBDE concentrations showed a clear increase over time, and their concentrations in human milk from 1999 are among the highest reported so far from Europe, with results of individual samples ranging from 4.7 to 13 ng/g fat CONCLUSION: Although remote from pollution sources, the Faroe Islands show high concentrations of POPs in human milk, particularly PCBs, but also PBDEs. The PBDEs show increasing concentrations over time. The OH-PCB metabolites are poorly transferred to human milk, which likely is related to their acidic character