Selected issues of anaerobic digestion based on the studies on hydrogen- and methane yielding bioreactors

Anaerobic digestion of organic matter results from the metabolic activity of many groups of microorganisms. Interactions between microorganisms during acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis, source of inoculum, type of feedstock and operational conditions determine metabolic pathways in bioreactors and consequently the efficiency of fermentation processes. In innovative installations it is desirable to separate acidogenesis from acetogenesis and methanogenesis to favour respectively the production of biohydrogen or biomethane under controlled conditions

Knowledge about folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy among female medical fields students

Pregnancy is a period when optimal supply of vitamins and micro and macro elements is necessary to ensure proper fetal development and maternal health. One of the substances that has been shown to have a positive effect on the fetus is folic acid. Deficiency of this compound is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects in the fetus. As a consequence, the awareness of women about the role of folic acid and necessity of its supplementation in the preconception period and during pregnancy is crucial. In order to obtain information on the knowledge of women regarding the need to take folic acid and the benefits associated with it, an anonymous questionnaire was carried out. The survey containing 28 original questions in an online form was sent to participants. The study showed deficiencies in the knowledge of female students of reproductive age regarding folic acid supplementation and the need to promote it. Therefore, it is necessary to include as many young women as possible to The Primary Prevention Program of Neural Tube Defects

Anaerobic Digestion: I. A Common Process Ensuring Energy Flow and the Circulation of Matter in Ecosystems. II. A Tool for the Production of Gaseous Biofuels

Anaerobic digestion, a process that ultimately generates methane and carbon dioxide, is common in natural anoxic ecosystems where concentrations of electron acceptors such as nitrate, the oxidized forms of metals and sulphate are low. It also occurs in landfill sites and wastewater treatment plants. The general scheme of anaerobic digestion is well known and comprises four major steps: (i) hydrolysis of complex organic polymers to monomers; (ii) acidogenesis that results in the formation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as non-gaseous fermentation products that are further oxidized to hydrogen, carbon dioxide and acetate in (iii) acetogenesis based on syntrophic metabolism and (iv) methanogenesis. Approaches to the analysis of methane-yielding microbial communities and data acquisition are described. There is currently great interest in the development of new technologies for the production of biogas (primarily methane) from anaerobic digestion as a source of renewable energy. This includes the modernization of landfill sites and wastewater treatment plants and the construction of biogas plants. Moreover, research effort is being devoted to the idea of separating hydrolysis and acidogenesis from acetogenesis and methanogenesis under controlled conditions to favour biohydrogen and biomethane production, respectively. These two stages occur under different conditions and are carried out in separate bioreactors

Searching for Metabolic Pathways of Anaerobic Digestion: A Useful List of the Key Enzymes

The general scheme of anaerobic digestion is well known. It is a complex process promoted by the interaction of many groups of microorganisms and has four major steps: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. The aim of the study was to prepare a systematized list of the selected enzymes responsible for the key pathways of anaerobic digestion based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database resource. The list contains (i) key groups of hydrolases involved in the process of degradation of organic matter; (ii) the enzymes catalyzing reactions leading to pyruvate formation; (iii) the enzymes of metabolic pathways of further pyruvate transformations; (iv) the enzymes of glycerol transformations; (v) the enzymes involved in transformation of gaseous or nongaseous products of acidic fermentations resulting from nonsyntrophic nutritional interactions between microbes; (vi) the enzymes of amino acid fermentations; (vii) the enzymes involved in acetogenesis; and (viii) the enzymes of the recognized pathways of methanogenesis. Searching for the presence and activity of the enzymes as well as linking structure and function of microbial communities allows to develop a fundamental understanding of the processes, leading to methane production. In this contribution, the present study is believed to be a piece to the enzymatic road map of anaerobic digestion research

Knowledge about folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy among female medical fields students

Mroczek Anna, Bałabuszek Kamil, Pawlicka Marta, Semczuk-Sikora Anna. Knowledge about folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy among female medical fields students. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(9):1016-1027. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1419790 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5996 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/877696 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.09.2018. Revised: 12.09.2018. Accepted: 15.09.2018. Knowledge about folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy among female medical fields students Anna Mroczek1, Kamil Bałabuszek2, Marta Pawlicka1, Anna Semczuk-Sikora3 1 Students' Research Circle at the Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland 2 Students' Research Circle at the Chair and Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland 3 Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland ORCID ID Anna Mroczek https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0077-5343 Kamil Bałabuszek https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-153X Marta Pawlicka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-979X Anna Semczuk-Sikora https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9602-5904 Abstract: Pregnancy is a period when optimal supply of vitamins and micro and macro elements is necessary to ensure proper fetal development and maternal health. One of the substances that has been shown to have a positive effect on the fetus is folic acid. Deficiency of this compound is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects in the fetus. As a consequence, the awareness of women about the role of folic acid and necessity of its supplementation in the preconception period and during pregnancy is crucial. In order to obtain information on the knowledge of women regarding the need to take folic acid and the benefits associated with it, an anonymous questionnaire was carried out. The survey containing 28 original questions in an online form was sent to participants. The study showed deficiencies in the knowledge of female students of reproductive age regarding folic acid supplementation and the need to promote it. Therefore, it is necessary to include as many young women as possible to The Primary Prevention Program of Neural Tube Defects. Abstrakt: Ciąża to okres, w którym konieczna jest optymalna podaż witamin oraz mikro i makroelementów, aby zapewnić prawidłowy rozwój płodu i zdrowie matki. Jedną z substancji, której pozytywny wpływ na płód jednoznacznie udowodniono jest kwas foliowy. Niedobór tego związku wiążę się ze zwiększonym ryzykiem wystąpienia wad cewy nerwowej u płodu. Dlatego tak ważna jest wiedza kobiet na temat roli kwasu foliowego oraz jego suplementacja już w okresie przedkoncepcyjnym oraz w trakcie ciąży. W celu uzyskania informacji na temat wiedzy kobiet dotyczącej konieczności przyjmowania kwasu foliowego i korzyści z tego płynących przeprowadzono anonimowy kwestionariusz. Ankieta zawierała 28 oryginalnych pytań w formie elektronicznej i została przesłana uczestnikom. Badanie wykazało braki w wiedzy na temat suplementacji kwasu foliowego u studentek oraz konieczność jej propagowania. W tym celu należy objąć jak największą ilość młodych kobiet Programem Pierwotnej Profilaktyki Wad Cewy Nerwowej

Rezygnacja przez nupturientów i małżonków ze wspólności ustawowej w świetle praktyki notariuszy Łódzkiej Izby Notarialnej

Central de la calle de San Bernard