Dietary spray-dried animal plasma alleviates mucosal inflammation in experimental models

Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67430The intestinal and bronchoalveolar mucosae contribute to homeostasis by preventing the entrance of biological and chemical agents that could alter the stability of the system. In this review, we summarise the main effects of dietary supplementation with spray-dried plasma (SDP), a complex mixture of biologically active functional components, on two models of acute inflammation; a murine model of intestinal inflammation, based on the administration of S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), and a model of acute lung inflammation, using mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide from E. coli (LPS). Oral SDP modulates the immune response of the intestinal mucosa and restores the barrier function of the epithelium, preventing most of the effects of SEB on defensin expression, tight-junction permeability and mucosal cytokine production. In the lung, SDP supplementation partially prevents the LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an effect that involves the participation of the common mucosal immune system. In both models, the effects of SDP are mediated by an increased T-reg response and enhanced release of anti-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to mucosal homeostasis

Spray dried plasma as an alternative to antibiotics in piglet feeds, mode of action and biosafety

The use of growth promoting and therapeutic antibiotics in piglet feed has been a concerning subject over the last few decades because of the risk of generating antimicrobial resistance that could be transferred to humans. As a result, many products have been proposed as potential alternatives to the use of antibiotics, and among these, spray dried plasma is considered one of the most promising. However, there have been concerns about its biosafety, particularly during periods of emergence or re-emergence of swine diseases in different regions of the world, such as the recent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus outbreak in North America. The objectives of this paper are to review recent publications about the use of spray dried plasma as an alternative to antibiotics in weaned pig diets, the possible mechanisms of action of spray dried plasma, and the existing evidence related to the biosafety of spray dried animal plasma. Particular attention is given to studies in which spray dried plasma has been directly compared to antibiotics or other alternative antimicrobial products. Several studies on the possible modes of action for spray dried plasma, such as preservation of gut barrier function or modulation of the immune response, are also reviewed. Finally, the paper focuses on the review of the existing studies on the risks of disease transmission with the use of spray dried plasma from porcine origin. Overall, spray dried plasma is a promising alternative to in-feed antimicrobials for piglets, particularly during the early stages of the post-weaning phase. Additionally, there is enough evidence to support that commercial spray dried porcine plasma is a safe product for pigs

Spray dried plasma as an alternative to antibiotics in piglet feeds, mode of action and biosafety

The use of growth promoting and therapeutic antibiotics in piglet feed has been a concerning subject over the last few decades because of the risk of generating antimicrobial resistance that could be transferred to humans. As a result, many products have been proposed as potential alternatives to the use of antibiotics, and among these, spray dried plasma is considered one of the most promising. However, there have been concerns about its biosafety, particularly during periods of emergence or re-emergence of swine diseases in different regions of the world, such as the recent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus outbreak in North America. The objectives of this paper are to review recent publications about the use of spray dried plasma as an alternative to antibiotics in weaned pig diets, the possible mechanisms of action of spray dried plasma, and the existing evidence related to the biosafety of spray dried animal plasma. Particular attention is given to studies in which spray dried plasma has been directly compared to antibiotics or other alternative antimicrobial products. Several studies on the possible modes of action for spray dried plasma, such as preservation of gut barrier function or modulation of the immune response, are also reviewed. Finally, the paper focuses on the review of the existing studies on the risks of disease transmission with the use of spray dried plasma from porcine origin. Overall, spray dried plasma is a promising alternative to in-feed antimicrobials for piglets, particularly during the early stages of the post-weaning phase. Additionally, there is enough evidence to support that commercial spray dried porcine plasma is a safe product for pigs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried animal plasma proteins modifies the profile of the fecal microbiota in young mice

Podeu consultar el III Workshop anual INSA-UB complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/11899

Aging effects on gut microbiota in SAMP8 mice

We have studied the effects of aging on fecal microbiota composition in the senescence-accelerated prone mice SAMP8 strain. We compared animals 2, 4 and 6 months old. Feces were collected at the end of each period and a genomic study was carried out on fecal DNA using the Illumina MiSeq analyzer. The Shannon diversity index showed similar values along this period and the number of species was neither affected by aging. The phylum Verrucobacteria went up with age, showing a 7-fold increase at 6 months, compared to 2 months old mice. At family level, changes observed between 2 and 6 months of age involved significant increases in Bacteroidaceae (q<0.001) and strong reductions in Lactobacillaceae (q<0.0001) and Prevotellaceae (q<0.05); at genus level, there was a significant reduction in probiotic Lactobacillus. At species level, we observed an age-related reduction in Lactobacillus hayakitensis, a species involved in mucosal immune homeostasis, and in Blautia hansenii, which provides protection against Clostridium difficile infection. Interestingly, aging increases Parabacteroides goldsteiini, which is involved in the regulation of the TLR4 pathway. These results support the view that aging results in the proliferation of bacterial species that are associated with the immune deterioration of the gut mucosa

Anti-inflammatory effects of animal plasma protein supplementation in mice undergoing simultaneous gut and lung inflammation

We aimed to determine whether dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) is effective in mice exposed to a dual S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges inducing simultaneous inflammation in the gut and lung. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed control or SDP-supplemented diets from weaning for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, animals received LPS intranasal followed by SEB intraperitoneal doses. The dual challenge increased leukocyte recruitment into mesenteric lymph nodes and lung tissue, the percentage of activated monocytes and neutrophils, as well as the expression of Tnf-α, Ifn-γ and Il-1β in lung tissue and jejunal mucosa, while SDP attenuated these effects. Moreover, SDP augmented the expression of Il-10, Tgf-β and Foxp3 in these tissues. Supplementation with animal plasma proteins attenuated lung and intestinal inflammation provoked by simultaneous administration of LPS and SEB toxins and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines

Type I interferon response is delayed in human astrovirus infections

Type I interferon (IFN) activation and its subsequent effects are important in the response to viral infections. Here we show that human astroviruses (HAstVs), which are important agents of acute gastroenteritis in children, induce a mild and delayed IFN response upon infecting CaCo-2 cells. Although IFN-β mRNA is detected within infected cells and supernatant from infected cells show antiviral activity against the replication of other well-known IFN-sensitive viruses, these responses occur at late stages of infection once genome replication has taken place. On the other hand, HAstV replication can be partially reduced by the addition of exogenous IFN, and inhibition of IFN activation by BX795 enhances viral replication, indicating that HAstVs are IFN-sensitive viruses. Finally, different levels of IFN response were observed in cells infected with different HAstV mutants with changes in the hypervariable region of nsP1a/4, suggesting that nsP1a/4 genotype may potentially have clinical implications due to its correlation with the viral replication phenotype and the antiviral responses induced within infected cells

Dietary animal plasma proteins improve the intestinal immune response in senescent mice

Increased life expectancy has promoted research on healthy aging. Aging is accompanied by increased non-specific immune activation (inflammaging) which favors the appearance of several disorders. Here, we study whether dietary supplementation with spray-dried animal plasma (SDP), which has been shown to reduce the activation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in rodents challenged by S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), and can also prevent the effects of aging on immune system homeostasis. We first characterized GALT in a mouse model of accelerated senescence (SAMP8) at different ages (compared to mice resistant to accelerated senescence; SAMR1). Second, we analyzed the SDP effects on GALT response to an SEB challenge in SAMP8 mice. In GALT characterization, aging increased the cell number and the percentage of activated Th lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches (all, p < 0.05), as well as the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in intestinal mucosa (both, p < 0.05). With respect to GALT response to the SEB challenge, young mice showed increased expression of intestinal IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as lymphocyte recruitment and activation (all, p < 0.05). However, the immune response of senescent mice to the SEB challenge was weak, since SEB did not change cell recruitment or the percentage of activated Th lymphocytes. Mice supplemented with SDP showed improved capacity to respond to the SEB challenge, similar to the response of the young mice. These results indicate that senescent mice have an impaired mucosal immune response characterized by unspecific GALT activation and a weak specific immune response. SDP supplementation reduces non-specific basal immune activation, allowing for the generation of specific responses

Aplicació de la metodologia POGIL a l'aprenentatge de la fisiologia

Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524POGIL és l’acrònim de “Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning”. És una metodologia que encaixa amb el constructivisme: l’estudiant construeix el coneixement a partir de qüestions i tasques proposades pel professor. Una activitat POGIL consisteix en una sessió a l’aula en la que els estudiants treballen sobre un qüestionari amb activitats diverses, de forma que al final són ells mateixos els que elaboren el tema..

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma has prebiotic efects on gut microbiota in mice

In animal models of infammation and in farm animals, dietary inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) reduces mucosal infammation. Here, we study whether these efects could be mediated by changes in the intestinal microbiota and if these changes are similar to those induced by oral antibiotics. Weaned 21-day-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups: the CTL group, fed the control diet; the COL group, administered low doses of neomycin and colistin; and the SDP group, supplemented with 8% SDP. After 14 days, analysis of the fecal microbiome showed that the microbiota profles induced by SDP and the antibiotics were very diferent, thus, SDP has prebiotic rather than antibiotic efects. At the phylum level, SDP stimulated the presence of Firmicutes, considerably increasing the lactobacilli population. It also enhanced the growth of species involved in regulatory T-lymphocyte homeostasis and restoration of the mucosal barrier, as well as species negatively correlated with expression of proinfammatory cytokines. At the mucosal level, expression of toll-like receptors Tlr2, Tlr4 and Tlr9, and mucous-related genes Muc2 and Tf3 with regulatory and barrier stability functions, were increased. SDP also increased expression of Il-10 and Tgf-β, as well as markers of macrophages and dendritic cells eventually promoting an immune-tolerant environment