26 research outputs found
Factores que influyen en la sexualidad de la población con espina bífida
• Objectives: The objective of this Doctoral Dissertation is to make a contribution to the understanding of the sexuality of adult population with SB - to describe their true sexuality and to analyse the relationship between their overall characteristics (gender, academic level, housing level, and also their neurologic, orthopaedic, digestive, urologic and psychosocial aspects) and their sexuality. • Hypothesis: Independently of their gender, the population with SB show a series of neurologic, urologic, psychosocial and self-perception patterns that could influence every different area of their sexual and reproductive life: the level of their sexual information, maternity, sexual desires, orgasm, partnership, masturbation, and erection and ejaculation dysfunction. • Material and Methods: A study of 250 persons with congenital SB, aged 18 years and over who are members of the SB Associations in their cities (Madrid, Barcelona and Málaga). A questionnaire was developed with such purpose consisting of two sections, the first one dealing with general-purpose questions on SB, and the second one on sexuality matters. From all the variables susceptible to be studied, priority was allocated to female and male sexuality and its perception, the differences as a function of gender, desire, intercourse, urinary incontinence due to antincontinence dispositives, and specific sexual information. Potential relationship of independent variables and dependent variables was analysed. • Results: Fifty-five percent of the women reported SB sequel-related problems such as pain during the arousal phase (17.9%) and during penetration (28.2 %), a dry vagina (10.3%), contraction of the vagina that hampered penetration (12.8%), and 33% complained of lack of pleasurable sensations. Forty-eight point eight percent of the study population has never had intercourse. Regarding frequency, 37.1% of those who had have reported to have sex less than once per month, and 62.7% reported intercourse once per month and more. Forty point six percent of patients who do have intercourse experience urinary incontinence during it. Sixteen point eight of the study patients did not have general sexual information available, whereas 83.2% did have such information. As to the degree of satisfaction with the information received, 38.4% considered it to be insufficient, 49.6% said the information was sufficient, and 12% graded it as almost nil. Regarding sexuality while suffering from SB, 37.7% had received no information whatsoever and the remaining 62.3% had received it. Sixty-eight point nine percent from that 62.3% (111 patients), considered such information was insufficient, whereas 31.1% graded it as sufficient. Self-catheterisation means no difference either for masturbation or for intercourse. Within the self-catheterisation group, many more males than females practised masturbation - 77.1% vs. 28.8%, i.e. quite a significant difference. • Conclusions: ➢ The SB population is not very different from the general population regarding their sexuality; it is, however, conditioned by the sequels of their malformation, by socio-cultural factors and by their self-perception. The greatest deficits can be found in the general and the specific sexual information received by them. ➢ In women with SB, sexuality is conditioned by their "saddle" altered sensitivity, by their incontinence, by the use of antincontinence dispositives and by their posture limitations.• Objetivos: El objetivo de la presente Tesis Doctoral es contribuir al conocimiento de la sexualidad de la población adulta con E.B. Describir la realidad de su sexualidad y analizar la relación entre sus características generales (sexo, nivel de estudios, vivienda y los aspectos neurológicos, ortopédicos, digestivos, urológicos y psicosociales) y su sexualidad. • Hipótesis: La población de ambos sexos afecta de EB tiene una serie de características neurológicas, urológicas, psicosociales y de auto percepción que pueden repercutir en los diferentes aspectos de su vida sexual y reproductiva: nivel de información sexual, maternidad, deseo sexual, orgasmo, relaciones de pareja, masturbación, trastornos de la erección y eyaculación. • Material y Métodos Estudio sobre 250 personas nacidas con E.B a partir de los 18 años de edad pertenecientes a las respectivas asociaciones de E.B (Madrid, Barcelona y Málaga). Para ello se confeccionó un cuestionario que tenía una primera parte sobre cuestiones generales de la E.B y una segunda parte sobre temas de sexualidad. De entre todas las posibles variables a estudiar se priorizó el estudio de la sexualidad femenina, masculina y su autopercepción, las diferencias en función del género, el deseo sexual, las relaciones sexuales, la incontinencia urinaria y uso de DI y la ISE. Se analizó la posible relación de las variables independientes con las variables dependientes. • Resultados: El 55% de las mujeres refería tener problemas relacionados con las secuelas de la E.B como dolor durante la excitación (17.9%) y la penetración (28.2 %), sequedad vaginal (10.3%), contracción vaginal que dificultaba la penetración (12.8%) y un tercio de las pacientes se quejaba de no tener sensación de placer. El 48.8% de la población de estudio nunca ha tenido relaciones sexuales. En cuanto a frecuencia, el 37.1% de los que han respondido afirmativamente ha contestado que lo practica menos de una vez al mes y el 62.7% una o más veces al mes. El 40.6% de los que mantienen relaciones sexuales tiene incontinencia de orina durante las relaciones sexuales. El 16.8% de los pacientes del estudio no han tenido a su alcance información sexual general y el 83.2% sí. En cuanto al grado de satisfacción con la información recibida, el 38.4% la considera insuficiente, el 49.6% estima que es suficiente, mientras que el 12% la valora como casi nula. En lo relativo a la información sobre sexualidad en la E.B, el 37.7% no había recibido información en ese sentido, en tanto que el 6.3% restante sí. De este 62.3%, el 68.9% (111 afectados) la consideraron insuficiente, mientras el 31.1% estimó que era suficiente. El autosondaje no marca ninguna diferencia en las actividades sexuales de masturbación ni de relaciones sexuales. En el grupo de autosondaje se masturbaban muchos más hombres que mujeres, 77.1% frente a 25.8%, siendo muy significativa la diferencia. • Conclusiones: ➢ La población de E.B no es una población muy diferente en su sexualidad a la población general, no obstante está condicionada por las secuelas de su malformación, factores socio-culturales y de auto percepción. Los mayores déficits se encuentran en la información general sexual y la específica recibida. ➢ La sexualidad en la mujer con E.B está condicionada por la alteración de la sensibilidad "en silla de montar", por su incontinencia, uso de DI y por su limitación postural. ➢ La información sexual de la mujer con E.B es deficiente y desconoce factores importantes sobre prevención de la E.B, interrupción voluntaria del embarazo y maternidad. ➢ El auto sondaje en la población con E.B no marca ninguna diferencia en las actividades sexuales de masturbación, relaciones sexuales ni orgasmo y no influye negativamente en la eyaculación anterógrada, que es similar a la población que no se sonda
Sexuality of Female Spina Bifida Patients : Predictors of a Satisfactory Sexual Function
Objective To assess the sexual function of women with spina bifida (SB), and to verify the factors that influence their sexual function. Methods A cross-sectional study in which a validated female-specific questionnaire was applied to 140 SB female patients from four different cities (Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Barcelona, Madrid, and Málaga, Spain) between 2019 and 2020. The questionnaires collected data on the clinical characteristics of SB, and female sexual function was assessed using the 6-item version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6) validated to Portuguese and Spanish. Results Half of the patients had had sexual activity at least once in the life, but most (57.1%) did not use any contraception method. Sexual dysfunction was present in most (84.3%) patients, and all sexual function domains were impaired compared those of non-neurogenic women. The presence of urinary and fecal incontinence significantly affected the quality of their sexual activity based on the FSFI-6. Conclusion The specific clinical aspects of the SB patients, such as urinary and fecal incontinence, should be properly addressed by their doctors, since they are associated with reduced sexual activity and lower FSFI-6 scores in the overall or specific domains. There is also a need to improve gynecological care among sexually-active SB patients, since most do not use any contraceptive methods and are at risk of inadvertent pregnancy
Multicenter comparative study of open, laparoscopic, and robotic pyeloplasty in the pediatric population for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO)
Introduction: Dismembered open pyeloplasty described by Anderson and Hynes is the "gold standard" for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The aim of our study was to compare the results of open (OP) vs laparoscopic (LP) vs robotic (RALP) pyeloplasty. Material and Methods: A multicenter prospective review was conducted of pyeloplasty surgeries performed at five high-volume centers between 2014 and 2018. Demographic data, history of prenatal hydronephrosis, access type, MAG3 renogram and differential renal function, surgery time, length of hospital stay, and complication rate (Clavien-Dindo) were recorded. Access type was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, or Fisher's exact tests. Results: A total of 322 patients were included: 62 OP, 86 LP, and 174 RALP. The mean age was 8.13 (r: 1-16) years, with a statistically significant lower age (mean 5 years) in OP (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the distribution of the side affected. Operative time was 110.5 min for OP, 140 min for LP, and 179 min for RALP (p < 0.0001). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the RALP group than in the other groups (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in postoperative complications and reoperations between the three groups. Conclusions: Minimally invasive surgery for the management of UPJO in children is gaining more acceptance, even in patients younger than 1-year-old. Operative time continues to be significantly shorter in OP than in LP and RALP. Hospital stay was shorter in RALP compared to the other techniques. No differences were found in complication rates, type of complications, and reoperation rate
Cirugía robótica en patología quirúrgica benigna y maligna: urología, cirugía general y digestiva, cirugía cardiotorácica, ginecología, endocrinología, oftalmología y cirugía de cabeza y cuello. Capítulo II: cirugía urológica, ginecológica, general y digestiva
Cirurgia robòtica; Tècniques quirúrgiques; InnovacióCirugía robótica; Técnicas quirúrgicas; InnovaciónRobotic surgery; Surgical techniques; InnovationS'ha avaluat, de manera específica, l’eficàcia o l’efectivitat, la seguretat i l’eficiència de la cirurgia assistida per robot en comparació amb la cirurgia oberta o la cirurgia laparoscòpica en un grup d’indicacions de patologia benigna o maligna en les especialitats de cirurgia urològica, ginecològica i general i digestiva. De manera addicional, s’ha analitzat l’activitat de la cirurgia robòtica a Espanya per a les indicacions ginecològiques en els últims cinc anys.Se ha evaluado, de forma específica, la eficacia o la efectividad, la seguridad y la eficiencia de la cirugía asistida por robot en comparación con la cirugía abierta o la cirugía laparoscópica en un grupo de indicaciones de patología benigna o maligna en las especialidades de cirugía urológica, ginecológica y general y digestiva. De forma adicional, se ha analizado la actividad de la cirugía robótica en España para las indicaciones ginecológicas en los últimos cinco años.The aim of the study is to determine whether robot-assisted surgery has sufficient evidence to be included in the common portfolio of the UK NHS healthcare services. To this end, the efficacy or effectiveness, safety and efficiency of robot-assisted surgery compared to open surgery or laparoscopic surgery in a group of indications of benign or malignant pathology in the specialities of urological, gynaecological and general and digestive surgery has been specifically evaluated. In addition, the activity of robotic surgery in Spain for gynaecological indications in the last five years has been analysed.Este documento ha sido realizado por la Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya en el marco de la financiación del Ministerio de Sanidad para el desarrollo de las actividades del Plan anual de Trabajo de la Red Española de Agencias de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias y Prestaciones del SNS, aprobado en el Pleno del Consejo Interterritorial del SNS de 28 de octubre de 2020 (conforme al Acuerdo del Consejo de Ministros de 9 de diciembre de 2020)
Factores que influyen en la sexualidad de la población con espina bífida
• Objectives:
The objective of this Doctoral Dissertation is to make a contribution to the understanding of the sexuality of adult population with SB – to describe their true sexuality and to analyse the relationship between their overall characteristics (gender, academic level, housing level, and also their neurologic, orthopaedic, digestive, urologic and psychosocial aspects) and their sexuality.
• Hypothesis:
Independently of their gender, the population with SB show a series of neurologic, urologic, psychosocial and self-perception patterns that could influence every different area of their sexual and reproductive life: the level of their sexual information, maternity, sexual desires, orgasm, partnership, masturbation, and erection and ejaculation dysfunction.
• Material and Methods:
A study of 250 persons with congenital SB, aged 18 years and over who are members of the SB Associations in their cities (Madrid, Barcelona and Málaga). A questionnaire was developed with such purpose consisting of two sections, the first one dealing with general-purpose questions on SB, and the second one on sexuality matters. From all the variables susceptible to be studied, priority was allocated to female and male sexuality and its perception, the differences as a function of gender, desire, intercourse, urinary incontinence due to antincontinence dispositives, and specific sexual information. Potential relationship of independent variables and dependent variables was analysed.
• Results:
Fifty-five percent of the women reported SB sequel-related problems such as pain during the arousal phase (17.9%) and during penetration (28.2 %), a dry vagina (10.3%), contraction of the vagina that hampered penetration (12.8%), and 33% complained of lack of pleasurable sensations.
Forty-eight point eight percent of the study population has never had intercourse. Regarding frequency, 37.1% of those who had have reported to have sex less than once per month, and 62.7% reported intercourse once per month and more. Forty point six percent of patients who do have intercourse experience urinary incontinence during it.
Sixteen point eight of the study patients did not have general sexual information available, whereas 83.2% did have such information. As to the degree of satisfaction with the information received, 38.4% considered it to be insufficient, 49.6% said the information was sufficient, and 12% graded it as almost nil.
Regarding sexuality while suffering from SB, 37.7% had received no information whatsoever and the remaining 62.3% had received it. Sixty-eight point nine percent from that 62.3% (111 patients), considered such information was insufficient, whereas 31.1% graded it as sufficient.
Self-catheterisation means no difference either for masturbation or for intercourse. Within the self-catheterisation group, many more males than females practised masturbation – 77.1% vs. 28.8%, i.e. quite a significant difference.
• Conclusions:
➢ The SB population is not very different from the general population regarding their sexuality; it is, however, conditioned by the sequels of their malformation, by socio-cultural factors and by their self-perception. The greatest deficits can be found in the general and the specific sexual information received by them.
➢ In women with SB, sexuality is conditioned by their “saddle” altered sensitivity, by their incontinence, by the use of antincontinence dispositives and by their posture limitations.• Objetivos:
El objetivo de la presente Tesis Doctoral es contribuir al conocimiento de la sexualidad de la población adulta con E.B. Describir la realidad de su sexualidad y analizar la relación entre sus características generales (sexo, nivel de estudios, vivienda y los aspectos neurológicos, ortopédicos, digestivos, urológicos y psicosociales) y su sexualidad.
• Hipótesis:
La población de ambos sexos afecta de EB tiene una serie de características neurológicas, urológicas, psicosociales y de auto percepción que pueden repercutir en los diferentes aspectos de su vida sexual y reproductiva: nivel de información sexual, maternidad, deseo sexual, orgasmo, relaciones de pareja, masturbación, trastornos de la erección y eyaculación.
• Material y Métodos
Estudio sobre 250 personas nacidas con E.B a partir de los 18 años de edad pertenecientes a las respectivas asociaciones de E.B (Madrid, Barcelona y Málaga). Para ello se confeccionó un cuestionario que tenía una primera parte sobre cuestiones generales de la E.B y una segunda parte sobre temas de sexualidad. De entre todas las posibles variables a estudiar se priorizó el estudio de la sexualidad femenina, masculina y su autopercepción, las diferencias en función del género, el deseo sexual, las relaciones sexuales, la incontinencia urinaria y uso de DI y la ISE. Se analizó la posible relación de las variables independientes con las variables dependientes.
• Resultados:
El 55% de las mujeres refería tener problemas relacionados con las secuelas de la E.B como dolor durante la excitación (17.9%) y la penetración (28.2 %), sequedad vaginal (10.3%), contracción vaginal que dificultaba la penetración (12.8%) y un tercio de las pacientes se quejaba de no tener sensación de placer.
El 48.8% de la población de estudio nunca ha tenido relaciones sexuales. En cuanto a frecuencia, el 37.1% de los que han respondido afirmativamente ha contestado que lo practica menos de una vez al mes y el 62.7% una o más veces al mes. El 40.6% de los que mantienen relaciones sexuales tiene incontinencia de orina durante las relaciones sexuales.
El 16.8% de los pacientes del estudio no han tenido a su alcance información sexual general y el 83.2% sí. En cuanto al grado de satisfacción con la información recibida, el 38.4% la considera insuficiente, el 49.6% estima que es suficiente, mientras que el 12% la valora como casi nula.
En lo relativo a la información sobre sexualidad en la E.B, el 37.7% no había recibido información en ese sentido, en tanto que el 6.3% restante sí. De este 62.3%, el 68.9% (111 afectados) la consideraron insuficiente, mientras el 31.1% estimó que era suficiente.
El autosondaje no marca ninguna diferencia en las actividades sexuales de masturbación ni de relaciones sexuales. En el grupo de autosondaje se masturbaban muchos más hombres que mujeres, 77.1% frente a 25.8%, siendo muy significativa la diferencia.
• Conclusiones:
➢ La población de E.B no es una población muy diferente en su sexualidad a la población general, no obstante está condicionada por las secuelas de su malformación, factores socio-culturales y de auto percepción. Los mayores déficits se encuentran en la información general sexual y la específica recibida.
➢ La sexualidad en la mujer con E.B está condicionada por la alteración de la sensibilidad “en silla de montar”, por su incontinencia, uso de DI y por su limitación postural.
➢ La información sexual de la mujer con E.B es deficiente y desconoce factores importantes sobre prevención de la E.B, interrupción voluntaria del embarazo y maternidad.
➢ El auto sondaje en la población con E.B no marca ninguna diferencia en las actividades sexuales de masturbación, relaciones sexuales ni orgasmo y no influye negativamente en la eyaculación anterógrada, que es similar a la población que no se sonda
Quince. Producció d'un curtmetratge
Curs 2016-2017"Quince" és un curtmetratge que neix com el Treball de Final de Grau de la Natàlia Maymó i l’Anna Bujons, estudiants de Comunicació Audiovisual de la Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya. En aquesta memòria, hi ha recollides totes les fases per les quals ha passat el projecte, a més d’un resum de l’experiència personal que han viscut les dues directores. Avui en dia, la societat no s’entén sense Internet i les noves tecnologies. Tota la nostra vida privada i íntima la confiem als aparells electrònics que ens rodegen. Però som realment conscients dels riscos que això comporta? Aquest és el plantejament a partir del qual comença "Quince". Quines possibilitats ens ofereix un curtmetratge? Quines especificitats té el gènere del suspens? Són algunes de les preguntes clau per començar a dur a terme el marc teòric que ha servit de base per a l’escriptura del guió de "Quince", on es vol fer una fotografia de la figura del hacker en els últims anys."Quince" és un curtmetratge que neix com el Treball de Final de Grau de la Natàlia Maymó i l’Anna Bujons, estudiants de Comunicació Audiovisual de la Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya. En aquesta memòria, hi ha recollides totes les fases per les quals ha passat el projecte, a més d’un resum de l’experiència personal que han viscut les dues directores. Avui en dia, la societat no s’entén sense Internet i les noves tecnologies. Tota la nostra vida privada i íntima la confiem als aparells electrònics que ens rodegen. Però som realment conscients dels riscos que això comporta? Aquest és el plantejament a partir del qual comença "Quince". Quines possibilitats ens ofereix un curtmetratge? Quines especificitats té el gènere del suspens? Són algunes de les preguntes clau per començar a dur a terme el marc teòric que ha servit de base per a l’escriptura del guió de "Quince", on es vol fer una fotografia de la figura del hacker en els últims anys
Role of Pediatric Ureteral Access Sheath and Outcomes Related to Flexible Ureteroscopy and Laser Stone Fragmentation : A Systematic Review of Literature
Flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy (FURSL) represent a good treatment option for pediatric urolithiasis. Scarce evidence is available about the safety and efficacy of the concomitant use of a ureteral access sheath (UAS) in the setting of pediatric ureteroscopy (URS). To acquire all the available evidence on UAS usage in pediatric FURSL, focusing on intra- and postoperative complications and stone-free rates (SFRs). We performed a systematic literature research using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria were cohorts of pediatric patients <18 yr old, submitted to URS for FURSL, reporting on more than ten cases of UAS placement. The primary outcomes were prestenting rates, operating time, ureteric stent placement rates after surgery, rates and grades of complications, ureteral injuries, and overall SFR. A total of 22 articles were selected. Evidence synthesis: In total, 26 intraoperative and 130 postoperative complications following URS with UAS placement were reported (1.8% and 9.18% of the overall procedures, respectively). According to the Clavien-Dindo classification, 32 were classified as Clavien I, 29 as Clavien II, 43 as Clavien I or II, six as Clavien III, and one as Clavien IV. Twenty-one cases of ureteral injuries (1.59%) were noted in the whole cohort; most of them were ureteral perforation or extravasation, and were treated with a temporary indwelling ureteric stent. The overall SFR after a single URS procedure was 76.92%; after at least a second procedure, it was 84.9%. FURSL is a safe and effective treatment option for pediatric urolithiasis. UAS use was associated with a low rate of ureteric injuries, mostly treated and resolved with a temporary indwelling ureteric stent. We performed a systematic literature research on the utilization of a UAS during ureteroscopy for stone treatment in pediatric patients. We assessed the outcomes related to the rates of intra- and postoperative complications and the rates of efficacy of the procedure in the clearance of stones. The evidence shows a low rate and grade of complications associated with UAS placement and good stone-free outcomes. A ureteric injury may occur in 1.6% of cases, but it is usually managed and resolved with a temporary indwelling ureteric stent
Studies on toxic oil syndrome: stereoselective hydrolysis of 3-(phenylamino)propane-1,2-diol esters by human pancreatic lipase
7 pages, 5 figures, 2 charts, 1 table.-- PMID: 15257613 [PubMed].-- Printed version published Jul 15, 2004.-- Supporting information available at: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/tx049952zThe ingestion of rapeseed oil batches denatured with aniline and illegally refined and distributed by street vendors was responsible for toxic oil syndrome (TOS), an intoxication episode that took place in Spain in 1981, causing over 400 deaths and affecting more than 20 000 people. Despite the intense research efforts carried out to date, the compounds responsible for that intoxication have not been elucidated. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies have pointed to fatty acid mono- and diesters of 3-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol (PAP) as the biomarkers of those toxic oil batches. The structure of these esters bears common features with that of triglycerides, which suggested that PAP esters could follow the route of lipids metabolism up to a certain extent. The incubation of racemic PAP dioleyl ester with human pancreatic lipase (hPL) led to the formation of the corresponding stereoisomeric monoesters bearing the oleyl residue at C-2, although a kinetic resolution in favor of the (S)-enantiomer was observed. These monoesters are unstable and in equilibrium with their corresponding regioisomers with the acyl residue at C-1, apparently without the intervention of the lipase. Finally, incubations of these latter monoesters with hPL led to the formation of the respective PAP enantiomers. Again, the kinetic resolution of this hydrolytic process favored the formation of the enantiomer with the (S)-configuration. Taken together, these results showed that PAP esters are substrates of hPL and that the two hydrolytic steps exhibit kinetic resolution in favor of the (S)-enantiomers.Financial support from the WHO/TOS Committee is gratefully acknowledged.Peer reviewe
Escroto agudo causado por una trombosis venosa extraespermática asociada con la mutación del gen de protrombina G20210A en un paciente pediátrico: reporte de un caso
Se ha informado que la trombosis de un vaso sanguíneo extraespermático es una causa inusual de escroto agudo. Describimos el caso de un niño de 7 años que presentó una hinchazón escrotal izquierda dolorosa aguda. Las imágenes demostraron una masa escrotal izquierda heterogénea, que fue resecada quirúrgicamente. El estudio anatomopatológico reveló una estructura vascular trombosada. Tres meses después, se produjo otra trombosis venosa extraespermática y también se resecó. Se realizó un estudio completo de trombofilia. Se identificó una mutación heterocigótica del gen de protrombina G20210A como la causa del evento trombótico. Una trombosis venosa debe considerarse como una posible causa de escroto agudo en pacientes europeos caucásicos, debido a su mayor prevalencia. Revisamos la mutación del gen de protrombina G20210A, que está asociada con la trombosis.Thrombosis of an extraspermatic blood vessel has been reported to be an unusual cause of acute scrotum. We describe the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with an acute painful left scrotal swelling. Imaging demonstrated a heterogeneous left scrotal mass, which was surgically resected. The anatomopathologic study revealed a thrombosed vascular structure. Three months later, another extraspermatic venous thrombosis occurred and was also resected. A complete thrombophilia study was done. A G20210A prothrombin gene heterozygous mutation was identified as the cause of the thrombotic event. A venous thrombosis should be considered as a possible cause of acute scrotum in European Caucasian patients, due to its increased prevalence. We reviewed the G20210A prothrombin gene mutation, which is associated with thrombosis