Editorial : Taking a Fresh Look at Old Zoonoses, What Have We Been Missing in One Health Research and Education?

In this Research Topic, we present a collection of papers focusing on the role of One Health education and research to promote and protect the health of human, animals, and environment. Covid-19 is the most recent demonstration of a human health crash in the post vaccine era, the pandemic has reminded that human health is inextricably linked to that of animals and the environment. Boriani et al. discussed the planetary aspects of the pandemic, and proposed a method aimed at easing the approach to systems and inter- and trans-disciplinary thinking to find nature-based solutions (NbS) for preventing future pandemics. A reclassification of Covid-19, as an emerging infectious disease (EID) was suggested by Haider et al. Withdrawing the designation of SARS-CoV-2 as a zoonosis and reviewing COVID-19 as an EID will be important to address the underlying drivers of the emergence of such pathogens and reduce the risk of inappropriate animal persecution or other unsuitable interventions. Looking at COVID-19 as an EID, makes it no less valuable that research confirms whether an animal reservoir actually exists becoming potential sources of future human infection. Emerging zoonoses are a rising threat to global health, having caused severe economic impacts in the past years. However, the greatest burden on human health and livelihoods is caused by endemic zoonoses that are persistent health problems around the world. This Research Topic particularly focuses on “neglected” zoonotic diseases, affecting poor, and marginalized populations in low-resource settings. For these diseases, whose burden has proven difficult to estimate, it is still virtually impossible to assess the real impact on the social wellbeing and the mental health of affected communities, livestock owners, and their families (1). Tuberculosis and Brucellosis are important chronic infections that are endemic in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries (2). Endemic diseases cannot be readily eradicated but best be monitored and acted upon with a control plan in the animal reservoir if and when the threshold of concern is reached. Therefore, surveillance plans play a crucial role in keeping neglected zoonoses at bay (3) as suggested by some authors in this Research Topic.Peer reviewe

Reaching consensus on mechanisms of change to support implementation of medication reviews in community pharmacies.

Since 2022 patients with 5 or more medicines can receive a medication review (MR) in a community pharmacy remunerated by the German health system. However, implementation is slow, and few pharmacies are currently providing MRs. Stakeholders' input is necessary to generate and prioritise mechanisms of change through which a successful implementation strategy will achieve implementation outcomes

Patients' and doctors' experiences with medication reviews: a literature review using the CFIR.

Medication reviews (MRs) aim at optimising medicines use and improving health outcomes. Despite encouraging literature reports, their implementation differs between countries. Ultimately, the only interventions that will succeed are those that are accepted by all involved stakeholders. Identifying stakeholders' experiences with and attitudes towards MRs can inform further implementation of MRs in community pharmacies. The aim of this study was to critically appraise, synthesize and present the evidence on patients' and doctors' experiences with and attitudes towards MRs in community pharmacies, using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). This literature review is part of a larger systematic review of four databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, IPA), which was conducted with key search terms related to: implementation, pharmacy, medication reviews, facilitators and barriers. The search included primary research items published in English, Spanish or German and dating from 2004 onward. Mappy against the CFIR was carried out by two independent researchers and the synthesis of the findings was presented according to the CFIR constructs. The study found that CFIR provided a clear structure for experiences, barriers and facilitators to MR-implementation. Despite general appreciation of MRs and the perceived patient benefit, issues persist with encouraging the positive engagement of both patients and doctors. Further research is needed to explore the reasons for this and to develop strategies for overcoming these barriers

Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen Misdiagnosed as a Nonsecreting Endocrine Tumor: Case Report and Review of the Literature

In a large series of nonselected autopsy investigations an accessory spleen was found in 10–30%. The second most common site is the pancreatic tail (17%). We report a case of intrapancreatic accessory spleen misdiagnosed as a nonsecreting neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas. Nuclear scintigraphy may provide the definitive diagnosis of an intrapancreatic spleen and therefore prevent patients from unnecessary major surgery

Generation of a nucleic acid probe specific for the alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 and its use for the detection of malignant catarrhal fever virus DNA in blue wildebeest calves (Connochaetes taurinus)

Two WC 11 specific DNA fragments, 3 kb and 2 kb in size, respectively, were cloned and evaluated as probes for their use in diagnostic and epidemiological investigations of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). Field specimens including blood, ocular fluid, nasal mucus and urine of blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) calves in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, were tested and found positive for excretion of MCF-virus by slot blot hybridization. In 2 cases MCF-virus DNA was detected in the urine of the calves. No hybridization was observed with DNA from other bovine herpesviruses.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Vaccines to control tuberculosis in cattle

No abstract available.https://www.science.org/journal/sciencehj2024Veterinary Tropical DiseasesSDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

Raman-modes of index-identified free-standing single-walled carbon nanotubes

Using electron diffraction on free-standing single-walled carbon nanotubes we have determined the structural indices (n,m) of tubes in the diameter range from 1.4 to 3nm. On the same free-standing tubes we have recorded Raman spectra of the tangential modes and the radial breathing mode. For the smaller diameters (1.4-1.7nm) these measurements confirm previously established radial breathing mode frequency versus diameter relations, and would be consistent with the theoretically predicted proportionality to the inverse diameter. However, for extending the relation to larger diameters, either a yet unexplained environmental constant has to be assumed, or the linear relation has to be abandoned.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, +additional materials (select PostScript to obtain it

GeoFault: A well-founded fault ontology for interoperability in geological modeling

Geological modeling currently uses various computer-based applications. Data harmonization at the semantic level by means of ontologies is essential for making these applications interoperable. Since geo-modeling is currently part of multidisciplinary projects, semantic harmonization is required to model not only geological knowledge but also to integrate other domain knowledge at a general level. For this reason, the domain ontologies used for describing geological knowledge must be based on a sound ontology background to ensure the described geological knowledge is integratable. This paper presents a domain ontology: GeoFault, resting on the Basic Formal Ontology BFO (Arp et al., 2015) and the GeoCore ontology (Garcia et al., 2020). It models the knowledge related to geological faults. Faults are essential to various industries but are complex to model. They can be described as thin deformed rock volumes or as spatial arrangements resulting from the different displacements of geological blocks. At a broader scale, faults are currently described as mere surfaces, which are the components of complex fault arrays. The reference to the BFO and GeoCore package allows assigning these various fault elements to define ontology classes and their logical linkage within a consistent ontology framework. The GeoFault ontology covers the core knowledge of faults 'strico sensu,' excluding ductile shear deformations. This considered vocabulary is essentially descriptive and related to regional to outcrop scales, excluding microscopic, orogenic, and tectonic plate structures. The ontology is molded in OWL 2, validated by competency questions with two use cases, and tested using an in-house ontology-driven data entry application. The work of GeoFault provides a solid framework for disambiguating fault knowledge and a foundation of fault data integration for the applications and the users

UP researchers embark on vaccine trial for bovine TB

Professor Anita Michel and Dr Jennie Hewlett, University of Pretoria (UP) researchers in the Faculty of Veterinary Science, have announced the start of vaccine trials for tuberculosis (TB) in African buffalo. Bovine tuberculosis is an extremely slow but steadily progressing disease that poses a serious health threat to cattle, wildlife and people, especially in developing countries. Without active surveillance, bovine TB typically goes unnoticed for years until it has escalated to a point where one or more animals present with severe disease.News articles with colour photos about what's happening at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria.Originally published as HTML file, converted to PDF with Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro Version 9.0.0.ab202