Does economic freedom increase income inequality? Evidence from the EU countries

Over the past decades there have been considerable changes in policies and institutions in favor of economic freedom in the EU countries. This trend coincides with widespread increases in income inequality in numerous member states. To what extent does economic freedom encourage inequality? This paper examines the relationship between economic freedom and income inequality in the EU countries using panel data for the 2000s. The empirical evidence suggests that economic freedom seems to entail greater income inequality. However, not all areas of economic freedom affect income distribution similarly. While government size and regulation appear to be robustly associated with income inequality, legal system and property rights, sound money, and freedom to trade internationally seem not to be significantly related with income distribution in the European context.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Disparities in entrepreneurship indicators across EU countries

The levels and characteristics of entrepreneurship differ widely across EU member countries due to diverse cultural, educational, economic-financial and institutional reasons. Taking as reference data provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), this paper analyzes the disparities in entrepreneurship indicators among the EU member countries in 2007 and 2013, highlighting the most significant changes occurred during the Great Recession. For this purpose, some of the major indices of inequality have been calculated, namely the Gini, Theil and Atkinson indices. In addition, the change in the Gini coefficient between these two years is additively decomposed into mobility and progressivity components, and growth incidence curves of some key indicators of entrepreneurial activity are estimated. Overall, we find that inequality among countries in most entrepreneurial attitude and aspiration indicators tends to diminish over the period 2007-2013. For all indicators the reduction is more generalized across the efficiency-driven economies than across the innovation-driven economies.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Entrepreneurship and Economic Liberalization in the OECD Countries

Entrepreneurship displays remarkable differences across countries because of diverse factors. In this sense, it is frequently argued that economic liberalization encourages entrepreneurship. In this paper we address the extent to which economic freedom, understood as market economy oriented institutions and policies, matters for entrepreneurial activity through a panel data analysis for 78 countries during the period 2001-2012. We examine the relationship between the Fraser Institute’s economic freedom index and its five areas, and three entrepreneurial activity indicators from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, namely total entrepreneurial activity, necessity entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship. Economic freedom seems to increase opportunity entrepreneurship and decrease necessity entrepreneurship. Focusing on the OECD countries, we highlight that economic freedom is positively associated with entrepreneurship. In terms of entrepreneurship motivation, we find that a more flexible regulation of credit, labor and business, as well as entrepreneurial attitudes, may contribute to enhance opportunity entrepreneurshipUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Examinig the roloe of economic liberalization in entrepeneurship: a cross-country study

In the last few decades some authors have underlined the role of institutions and policies for entrepreneurship. North (1990) underlines that entrepreneurs are the main agents of change and that organizations, such as firms set up by entrepreneurs, adapt their activities and strategies to fit the opportunities and limitations provided through formal and informal institutional frameworks. Baumol (1990) hypothesizes that entrepreneurial individuals channel their efforts in different directions depending on the quality of prevailing economic, political, and legal institutions. Sobel (2008) asserts that better institutions have both more productive entrepreneurship and also less unproductive entrepreneurship. He stresses that the best path to foster entrepreneurship is through institutional reforms that constrain or minimize the role of government. In this context, economic freedom may be seen as a significant aspect for entrepreneurial activity and it is frequently argued that economic liberalization encourages entrepreneurship. In this paper we address the extent to which economic freedom, understood as market economy oriented institutions and policies, matters for entrepreneurial activityUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Sede de “tierra de sabor”. Proyecto de centro de exposición, promoción, desarrollo y venta de productos agroalimentarios vinculados a Castilla y León, en Valladolid.

La parcela se sitúa al norte de Valladolid y a orillas del río Pisuerga, entre las industrias de Michelin y Sonae Arauco. Se encuentra a las afueras de Valladolid, en el límite de la ciudad, en un área donde prima lo industrial, lo residencial prácticamente ha desaparecido y lo natural ya empieza a tomar presencia. La idea generadora parte de unir los tres usos anteriores (natural, industrial y social), presentes tanto en el análisis urbano, como en la concepción de la marca de garantía. El carácter más natural estará presente desde la base del proyecto en la parcelación realizada siguiendo la existente en la parcela contigua, simbolizando así el origen de los productos. Además se da gran importancia al agua, presente como elemento físico a través de acequias marcando la parcelación y como elemento simbólico, uniendo cada parcela a modo de recorrido. El carácter industrial y funcional del área hace referencia a que Tierra de Sabor representa una serie de productos, productos que han tenido que seguir una cadena de elaboración, y no deja de ser parte de una industria. Dicho carácter quedará reflejado en la distribución del programa, cada fase del proceso quedará incluida en un módulo independiente pero a la vez interconectados para poder seguir el proceso de producción. El carácter más social y humano se asocia a la elaboración de los productos de Tierra de Sabor, donde la labor humana está muy presente desde el cuidado de los campos de cultivos o de los animales. Para que este carácter esté presente en el proyecto, se establecerá un conjunto de plazas y espacios con diferentes connotaciones destinados a la relación social ya que el proyecto intenta atraer a la población para dar a conocer la marca y su labor.Grado en Arquitectur

Performance of parallel FDTD method for shared- and distributed-memory architectures: Application tobioelectromagnetics

This work provides an in-depth computational performance study of the parallel finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The parallelization is done at various levels including: shared- (OpenMP) and distributed- (MPI) memory paradigms and vectorization on three different architectures: Intel’s Knights Landing, Skylake and ARM’s Cavium ThunderX2. This study contributes to prove, in a systematic manner, the well-established claim within the Computational Electromagnetic community, that the main factor limiting FDTD performance, in realistic problems, is the memory bandwidth. Consequently a memory bandwidth threshold can be assessed depending on the problem size in order to attain optimal performance. Finally, the results of this study have been used to optimize the workload balancing of simulation of a bioelectromagnetic problem consisting in the exposure of a human model to a reverberation chamber-like environment

Economic institutions and entrepreneurship by opportunity and necessity

Numerous studies highlight that business activity is the main source of economic growth and that productive entrepreneurship is crucial in terms of economic welfare. Entrepreneurship displays remarkable differences across countries because of diverse factors, among others, the economic institutional environment. This paper deals with the extent to which economic institutions matter for opportunity entrepreneurship and necessity entrepreneurship. We examine the relationship between the Fraser Institute's economic freedom index and its five areas, and both indicators from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor on opportunity entrepreneurship and necessity entrepreneurship. We carry out a panel data analysis in the OECD countries and find that economic liberalization tends to encourage opportunity entrepreneurship and to discourage necessity entrepreneurship.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Multiresolution Time-Domain Analysis of Multiconductor Transmission Lines Terminated in Linear Loads

This paper derives a multiresolution time-domain (MRTD) scheme for the multiconductor transmission line (MTL) equations based on Daubechies’ scaling functions. The terminations are characterized by a state-variable formulation which allows a general description of the termination networks. For the linear load terminations, a method incorporating the terminal constraints is proposed to work out the scheme at and close to the terminations. The MRTD scheme is implemented with different basis functions for linear components including resistances, inductances, and capacitances. Numerical results show that the MRTD schemes obtain a more stable result than the conventional finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method with a coarse space step.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 11271370

Satisfacción laboral y desempeño de los empleados del departamento de operaciones de una empresa agroindustrial, Trujillo 2017

RESUMEN El presente trabajo de investigación se elaboró con el objetivo de determinar la relación que existe entre la satisfacción laboral y el desempeño de los empleados del departamento de operaciones en una empresa agroindustrial, 2017. Se realizó una investigación de diseño no experimental, tipo transversal, correlacional, teniendo como muestra a los 43 empleados del departamento de operaciones, los instrumentos de medición aplicados fueron cuestionarios. Los resultados fueron presentados en tablas estadísticas con valores porcentuales, donde se observa las correlaciones de la satisfacción laboral y el desempeño laboral, de las cuales se denota que el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson es 0.995, con niveles de significancia menores al 5% (p < 0.05), es decir se demuestra que la satisfacción laboral, así como sus dimensiones se relacionan significativamente con el desempeño laboral y sus respectivas dimensiones. PALABRAS CLAVE: Satisfacción laboral, desempeño laboral y evaluación del desempeño

An Explicit Nodal Space-Time Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Maxwell’s Equations

A novel implicit nodal Space-Time Discontinuous Galerkin (STDG) method is proposed in this paper. An eigenvalue analysis is performed and compared with that for a DG scheme solved with a 4th-Order Runge-Kutta time integrator. We show that STDG offers a significant improvement of dissipative and dispersive properties and allows larger time steps, regardless of the spatial hp-refinement. A domain-decomposition technique is used to introduce an explicit formulation of the method in order to render it computationally efficient.This work is partially funded by the National Projects TEC2010-20841- C04-04, TEC2013-48414-C3-01, CSD2008-00068, P09-TIC-5327, P12-TIC- 1442, and from the GENIL excellence network