European Union’s Member States Sovereignty

Knowing that the European Union, as an union of sovereign states, was incorporated in the form of an international organization with competences higher than the state’s, seeing also that it has international legal personality, being a subject of international law, the sovereign of its States had suffered a substantial decrease. The European Union has the legal capacity to conclude treaties (ius tractum), to maintain relations and to be represented in its relations with the other international law subjects; having its own identity, it is one of the members of the international society that has a common exterior policy and security; at the same time, its obligations are opposed to the other member states that it has to comply with and execute. Consequently, member states maintain their sovereignty, being always subjects of international law, but their legal capacity to act at international level has been restricted. These states have a special status. EU is an union of sovereign states. The relations between EU and these member states are of special subordination nature for the latter (especially for the states that have been already collectivized); the Union undertakes on their behalf (any treaty that goes through the Union obliges the states; coexistence on the international stage of the Union with member states supposes a common exterior policy that is established at the level of the Union. Member states may conclude treaties with third party states and with international organizations to the extent in which this competence does not belong exclusively to the Union and to the extent of these treaties compatibility with their obligations undertaken as a member of the Union. The case of member states is particular because European integration supposes a legal adjustment – structural and functional.member states, treaty, sovereignty, competence, external policy

Sustainable tourism types

Tourism development must be based on sustainability criteria, be long term bearable economically and ethically and socially equitable for the local populations of the destinations. Tourism forms identified by the literature as being “sustainable” are numerous: ecological tourism (ecotourism), green tourism, soft, rural tourism and agrotourism, community tourism, solidarity and responsible tourism, all these opposing to the traditional, mass tourism. According to some specialists only tourism in natural reservations or national parks is considered to be ecological. A larger concept of ecological tourism refers to that form of responsible travel, developed in natural spaces, that contributes to environment protection and local population life conditions improvement and wellbeing. Equitable tourism is a form of sustainable tourism aiming at applying in the tourism sector the principles of equitable commerce, respecting a series of criteria, that focus on respect of the residents and their life style, as well as sustainability of tourism progress for local communities. Solidarity tourism is about establishing a dialog, solidarity relationship between tourists and their hosts.tourism, sustainable, ecotourism, equitable, solidarity

Romanian Management Status and Performance in the European Environment

At all times whatsoever the evaluation of the quality and efficacy of a given field or process may be performed in an absolute manner – by using certain indicators actually measuring the elements – or in a relative manner, by comparison with the quality and efficacy of said field or process as run within other systems. Anytime a crises occurs – and this is stated by the quasi – totality of management specialists – the quality of the management implemented in the previous period has been “in pain”. A good management counters the occurrence of such crises or – when the crisis causes are somewhere outside the area where the management can directly intervene – it diminish any such crises.European management, Romanian management, economic crisis, management efficacy, performance.

The actual universe of valuation standards

In the actual context (with issues like as viability of the global markets, cross-border transactions, transparency in financial reporting etc.) it is a common interest for professional valuers, investors, universities, researchers etc. to consider a convergent set of global professional valuation standards. It is also in their best interest to work towards enhancement and refinement of valuation methodologies and applications to be prepared to address valuation issues that are bound to arise in the future. The paper is a view of actual universe of valuation standards and options for national valuation standard enforcements starting from the operating system named International Valuation Standards (IVS)

The impact of building location on green certification price premiums:Evidence from three European countries

Green building certification has gained global prominence in the wake of the recent calls for ensuring the sustainable development of expanding urban areas. This trend rooted in the fact that buildings are among the main sources of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Green certification therefore emerged in response to sustainability concerns throughout the building sector. Nonetheless, the significant costs required by green investments have elicited scholars' attention, in an attempt to determine if the benefits of green certification outweigh its costs. This study uses a proprietary data-set of office building transactions from three major European countries - Finland, France, and Germany - in order to analyze the price premium of green certification over the 2010-2015 period. Considering the increasing demand for certification in the European Union (EU) after 2010, it is expected that green office buildings would sell at higher prices relative to non-green buildings. Empirical tests suggest that office buildings with green certification have a 19 percent higher price relative to non-certified buildings. Further, the study aims to assess whether the premium varies with the location of the green buildings within the urban area. Given the price premium brought by a central location - irrespective of green certification - it is expected that the price premium of green investments would incrementally increase in non-central locations. The distance variable is hand-constructed based on geocoding all properties in the dataset - empirical results indicate that the green certification price premium incrementally increases by 10.5 percent for 1-km distance from the city center. Further tests show that the distance effect becomes insignificant in both (i) large cities and (ii) cities of under 200,000 inhabitants. In these two contingencies, the price premium associated with central locations is reduced - which also diminishes the relevance of the green buildings' location. The empirical results are robust to eliminating 2010 and 2011 from the sample and to employing a propensity score matching approach, aimed at increasing the similarity of the treatment and control groups. This paper adds to the rising literature on the topic of green buildings, as it is the first international study to assess the price impact of green certification as a function of office building location

Students’ Perception Related to a Responsible Research and Innovation Demarche

AbstractThe present paper deals with the perception analysis of the importance of the non-formal education, performed as specific activities developed in museums, which promotes Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) to the primary and secondary school students. A standard research, of theoretical and empiric type, has been achieved. The empirical research aimed both on the quantitative level - the method of structured questionnaire - but also on the qualitative research, based on the focus group method. Some analysis was drawn yielding to the following conclusion: non-formal education performed in museums is reflected like a learning process which stimulates the students’ sensitivity and intellect for RRI

Bioeconomy credentials and intellectual capital: a comparative modelling approach for the E.U.-13 and E.U.-15

Acknowledging the importance of the bioeconomy as an important dimension of sustainable economic development, and particularly for E.U. strategies, this paper aims to identify and assess several bioeconomy modellers under the compelling effects of education and research–development–innovation activities. Within this frame of reference, the authors have assessed the role of intellectual capital in shaping bioeconomy outcomes, distinct for the new E.U.-13 and E.U.-15. A complex set of methods and macro-econometric models was applied on two balanced panels, compiled during 1995–2016, that bind random effects models with panel-corrected standard errors, spatial analysis and structural equation modelling. Overall, the importance of research, development, innovation and specific skills acquired in the field of bioeconomy is outlined, as key elements of E.U. economic strategies, being essential for all Member States

Risks and complications in rhinoplasty. A comparative study in structural vs preservation rhinoplasty

Introduction. Rhinoseptoplasty is considered the most challenging operation because many techniques have to be taken into consideration to achieve an optimal aesthetic and functional results. Rhinoseptoplasty techniques have been perfected over time, following two main surgical approaches: structural rhinoplasty (resection/ reconstruction) and conservative (preservation rhinoplasty). Methods. The authors present the risks and complications in a comparative study of 100 cases with patients in primary rhinoseptoplastyplasty performed between 2019-2021: 50 cases in Structural Rhinoplsty and 50 cases in Preservation Rhinoplasty. The study presents two surgical concepts of rhinoplasty regarding the main advantages, disadvantages and indications of each type of rhinoseptoplasty surgery. Results and conclusions. Complications post-rhinoseptoplasty can be considered as perioperative, functional, anatomic (aesthetic) and psyhological. In this study 10 cases (10%) of primary rhinoplasty required revision surgery. The most frequent postoperative deformity is the “pollybeak” when a deep naso-frontal angle, cartilaginous hump and reduced tip projection are present preoperatively. The pollybeak was the indication in 4 cases (40%) of all revision rhinoplasties. Other frequent postoperative deformities are: wide nasal tip, retractions of the columella base and irregularities of the nasal dorsum. These deformities are very often combined and caused by a loss of septal support. Septorhinoplasy is a difficult procedure and the surgeon must have accurate anatomical knowledge and rich clinical experience. The risks for rhinoplasty-complications can be reduced with increasing experience. It is very important to make distinction between complication and mistake

Magnetite nanoparticles for functionalized textile dressing to prevent fungal biofilms development

The purpose of this work was to investigate the potential of functionalized magnetite nanoparticles to improve the antibiofilm properties of textile dressing, tested in vitro against monospecific Candida albicans biofilms. Functionalized magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)/C(18)), with an average size not exceeding 20 nm, has been synthesized by precipitation of ferric and ferrous salts in aqueous solution of oleic acid (C(18)) and NaOH. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and differential thermal analysis coupled with thermo gravimetric analysis were used as characterization methods for the synthesized Fe(3)O(4)/C(18). Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the architecture of the fungal biofilm developed on the functionalized textile dressing samples and culture-based methods for the quantitative assay of the biofilm-embedded yeast cells. The optimized textile dressing samples proved to be more resistant to C. albicans colonization, as compared to the uncoated ones; these functionalized surfaces-based approaches are very useful in the prevention of wound microbial contamination and subsequent biofilm development on viable tissues or implanted devices