From a Pollutant Byproduct to a Feed Ingredient

The hypothesis to be tested in this chapter is that an industrial byproduct may undergo a biological treatment yielding biological treatment yielding a product with application. The objective of this chapter was to describe a study on the transformation of a fish processing wastewater into a product with potential of use in animal rearing.Cap. 23

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Biomassa bacteriana como aditivo de ração de aves e peixes

Rubrivivax gelatinosus é uma bactéria fototrófica natural de ambientes aquáticos que apresenta a capacidade de crescer em substratos contendo diversos compostos orgânicos. Neste trabalho, a biomassa da bactéria, produzida em águas residuárias provenientes de abate e processamento de pescado, foi caracterizada em relação a cor, composição centesimal, composição microbiológica e conteúdo de pigmentos carotenóides e aminoácidos, visando avaliar seu potencial como ingrediente para ração animal. Os resultados encontrados apontaram valores médios de 57% de proteína bruta, 23% de extrativo não nitrogenado e contaminantes, 11% de extrato etéreo, 5% de umidade e 4% de matéria mineral. Vários aminoácidos considerados essenciais para diversas espécies animais foram detectados no produto, tais como metionina (0,66g/100g), lisina (4,52g/100g), fenilalanina (3,43g/100g) e valina (4,39g/100g). Os resultados das análises microbiológicas indicaram contagens médias de 5,3 x 106 UFC/g para bactérias mesófilas aeróbias e facultativas viáveis, 20,27 NMP/g para coliformes a 35°C, <1,0 NMP/g para coliformes a 45°C e 1,2 x 103 UFC/g para bolores e leveduras. Não foram encontrados Aeromonas spp., Salmonella spp. e estafilococos coagulase positivo. O resultado da análise objetiva da cor da biomassa indicou valores médios de 25,48 para tonalidade, 14,22 para saturação da cor e 22,42 para luminosidade. A concentração média de carotenóides foi de 3,03 mg/g de biomassa. A determinação da composição e das características sensoriais da biomassa de Rubrivivax gelatinosus indicaram baixo nível de contaminação microbiana e alto potencial nutricional e pigmentante, apontando positivamente para sua utilização como ingrediente de rações na criação de animaisRubrivivax gelatinosus is a photoautotrophic bacterium that inhabits aquatic environment in which it uses different organic substrates for growth. In this work, the biomass of the bacterium, grown in effluent from fish slaughter and processing industry was characterized for color, proximate composition, microbiological composition, carotenoids and amino acids contents, with the aim of evaluating its potential as a feed ingredient. Mean results showed 57% crude protein, 23% non nitrogen extract and contaminants, 11% ether extract, 5% moisture and 4% ashes. Many amino acids considered essential for different animal species were present in the product, like metionine (0.66g/100g), lysine (4.52g/100g), phenylalanine (3.43g/100g) and valine (4.39g/100g). Microbial analysis showed mean counts of 5.3 x 106 UFC/g for mesophilic bacteria, 20.27 NMP/g for coliforms at 35°C, <1.0 NMP/g for coliforms at 45°C and 1.2 x 103 UFC/g for yeasts and moulds. Aeromonas spp., Salmonella spp. and positive coagulase staphylococci were not detected in the product. Results from objective color evaluation showed means at 25.48 for hue, 14.22 for chroma and 22.42 for lightness. Mean carotenoids concentration detected was 3.03 mg/g biomass. The determination of composition and sensorial characteristics of Rubrivivax gelatinosus biomass indicated low contamination level and high nutritional and pigmenting potential, pointing out for a positive use of the product as an ingredient for animal feed

"My heart burns" - A qualitative study of perceptions and experiences of type 1 diabetes among children and youths in Tajikistan

Aims: To explore and describe perceptions and experiences of living with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among children/youths in Tajikistan

De um subproduto industrial para um produto destinado à alimentação animal: produção de biomassa bacteriana

A grande diversidade das atividades industriais ocasiona durante o processo produtivo a geração de resíduos sólidos, líquidos e gasosos, que podem poluir e/ou contaminar o solo, a água e o ar. Embora existam regulamentos para o descarte desses resíduos, a inobservância às regras, a ineficiência dos tratamentos despoluentes e a inoperância de órgãos fiscalizadores permitem que, ainda hoje, sejam lançados ao ambiente grandes cargas de poluentes. Isso se aplica às indústrias de alimentos de origem animal. Felizmente, a visão dos empresários do setor vem mudando, na medida em que a imagem de uma empresa que conta com produtos e processos ambientalmente responsáveis representa parte das estratégias competitivas atuais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar como um efluente industrial pode ser transformado em matéria prima para a obtenção de um produto com valor comercial, utilizando tecnologias reconhecidas pela indústria e a atividade microbiana. O efluente foi obtido em indústria de abate e processamento de tilápias, apresentado (valores médios) pH = 9,4, DQO = 1.127 mg/L, óleos e graxas = 1.166 mg/L, nitrogênio total = 813 mg/L, coliformes a 30–35o C = 1,0x105 NMP/mL, coliformes a 45o C = 0,41 NMP/mL, bolores e leveduras = 4,6x103 UFC/mL e, ocasionalmente, contendo Salmonella sp e Aeromonas sp. Os tratamentos físicos aplicados ao efluente incluíram gradeamento, filtração (50µm) e pasteurização (65o C/30 min). O cultivo de Rubrivivax gelatinosus foi realizado sob anaerobiose em reatores de vidro durante 7 dias, em temperatura ambiente (30±5o C) e 2.000±500 lux. A recuperação da biomassa foi feita por filtração tangencial (0,2 µm; 1,5 bar), centrifugação (3.400 g/30 min; 5o C) e liofilização (-40o C) e a pulverização foi realizada manualmente. A produção de massa celular atingiu 0,18 g/L, com produtividade de 0,0634 g/L.dia. O processo promoveu redução de 52% na DQO, 48% em óleos e graxas e 22% no nitrogênio total, gerando um resíduo com pH 7,9, livre de bactérias patogênicas e, portanto, apto ao descarte. O produto obtido apresentou cor vermelho escuro (L = 22,42; C = 14,22; h = 25,48), 4,55% de umidade, 57,39% de proteína, 11,08% de extrato etéreo, 4,05% de matéria mineral, 3,03 mg/g de oxicarotenóides, 20,27 NMP/g de coliformes a 30–35o C, <1,0 NMP/g de coliformes a 45o C, 1,2x103 UFC/g de bolores e leveduras e ausência de microrganismos patogênicos. Essas características apontam para um potencial pigmentante e nutricional positivo no produto, que pode encontrar aplicação na produção animal, com segurança microbiológica. Dessa forma, fecha-se um ciclo autosustentável que pode ser adotado na própria fonte geradora do resíduo industrial, permitindo a reversão de gastos com tratamento despoluente em receitas advindas da comercialização de um novo produto