Fertilization Rapidly Alters the Feeding Activity of Grassland Soil Mesofauna Independent of Management History

itrogen fertilization of permanent grasslands affects soil fauna communities by modifying their taxonomic composition, population dynamics and feeding activity. However, it is not well understood if the edaphic fauna adapts to these external inputs so that the immediate response to fertilizer application depends on the long-term nutrient management strategy. We performed a field experiment in permanent grasslands under agricultural management in three regions across Germany. We used experimental fertilization with an organic plant-sourced fertilizer along a long-term nutrient management gradient to study the immediate and long-term effects of fertilization and their interdependence on the taxonomic composition and feeding activity of the soil mesofauna (Nematoda, Oribatida, and Collembola). Sampling season, soil properties, vegetation structure, and geographic location were considered as additional predictor variables to reflect heterogeneity in environmental conditions. The taxonomic composition, richness and total abundance of soil mesofauna communities were significantly affected by long-term nutrient management, but not by experimental fertilization. However, N pulses rapidly (within days) reduced the feeding activity estimated with bait-lamina strips independent of long-term nutrient management strategies.There is an urgent need to develop nutrient management strategies for permanent grasslands that take into account both the conservation of the edaphic faunal community and changes of ecosystem functions caused by rapid responses of the soil mesofauna to fertilizer inputs

Application of BIM-technologies during the construction and operation of buildings and structures

The relevance of implementing BIM technologies at all stages of the building's life cycle from design to decision-making on its demolition is shown. Variants of the stress-strain state of buildings and structures are considered. An algorithm for analyzing incoming information and making decisions about major repairs, reconstruction, or demolition of an object is developed, depending on the values of parameters, their duration, and combinations obtained from sensors installed during their construction. The use of fiber-optic sensors for obtaining information and subsequent analysis of the state of the building structure and determining dangerous movements of its individual elements is proposed

Acute respiratory viral infections: directions for diagnosis and rational therapy (how to avoid mistakes?): A review

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) still remain one of the most pressing human diseases due to the extremely high incidence rate. Among all the pathogens of ARVI, rhinoviruses and influenza viruses are of leading importance. This publication once again draws the reader’s attention to the basic principles of managing a patient with ARVI and influenza, and the “red line” defines the main goal – “how to avoid mistakes?”

Research of Mechanical Treatment Influence on Rheological Properties of Coal-Water Fuel Based on Low-Grade 3B Coal

Experimental study of mechanical treatment effect of rotary flow modulation device on coal-water fuel rheological properties were conducted. The slurry was prepared on the basis of low-grade 3B coal from Balakhtinskoe deposit

Keyhole Microsurgery for Cerebral Aneurysms

The choice of an effective and safe surgical approach is an important and largely outcome-determining step in the microsurgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Transcranial approach to aneurysm should provide proximal and distal control, visualization of the aneurysm and surrounding structures, freedom to work with microinstruments, optimal and close view of the surgical field with the necessary ergonomics and the possibility of comfortable work for the neurosurgeon. In addition, the approach should provide a low risk of associated complications, good cosmetic outcomes and patient satisfaction. Today, a neurosurgeon has a sufficient number of approaches to cerebral aneurysms. Minimally invasive approaches are the reduced model of traditional approaches and each of these approaches has a specific surgical corridor that cannot be changed during microsurgical manipulations, unless through the transition to an extended craniotomy

CRIMINAL PROSECUTION OF TERRORIST CRIMES IN JURY TRIAL: LEGALITY AND APPROPRIATENESS

Purpose: Scientific views of processualists concerning Institute of jurors are given in the article. Some experts defend activity of jury, others - categorically against such form of legal proceedings. Methodology: The methodological basis of this research is made by a dialectic method. Special methods of knowledge were used: logic-legal; comparative, historical, sociological, system and structural, statistical, method of the analysis and synthesis, legal modeling. Result: On the basis of the analysis of statistical data and materials of jurisprudence the author's position of rather a criminal prosecution in court with the participation of jurors on criminal cases of terrorist orientation, in the conditions of absence at defendants of the right to petition on such court is stated. The need for differentiation of legality and expediency of restriction, constitutional rights of defendants on the jury is proved. The concrete measures directed to an increase in efficiency of criminal prosecution in the conditions of the constitutional state are proposed. Results of a poll of practical workers are given: investigators, prosecutors, and judges who spoke in favor of the made offers directed to an increase in efficiency of criminal legal proceedings. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Criminal Prosecution of Terrorist Crimes in Jury Trial: Legality and Appropriateness is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PROTECTION OF JUVENILE VICTIMS (CHILD VICTIMS) FROM CRIME

Purpose: The article considers legal issues relating to the international legal standards and principles for the protection of child victims from crime, the current problems of implementing these norms in the legislative process of modern Russia. Methodology: In the process of writing the article, we actively used dialectical, comparative, formally logical, inductive and deductive methods. Result: The policy provisions on the legal status of child victims of crime are enshrined in the international regulatory documents, on the basis of which different legal institutions of national criminal procedure law are formed. The states that recognize prescriptions of an international nature assume the obligation to legally certify such models of criminal proceedings, in which not only the rights of children recognized as victims would be ensured but the principles of the presumption of innocence, competition, humanity, justice, which are the most important legal guarantee of the rights of the accused, would be observed. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the International legal protection of juvenile victims (child victims) from crime is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

ANTI-CORRUPTION THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LEGISLATION OF RUSSIA

Purpose: In article current trends of application of the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation in compliance with the purpose of criminal legal proceedings and in the context of counteraction corruption and prevention of abuse of the law of the officials who are carrying out criminal prosecution and judicial review and permission of criminal cases are stated. Methodology: In the course of the research of problematic issues and statements of the material of the article the dialectic, comparative and legal, law modeling, logical, inductive and deductive methods were used. Result: As shows investigative and judicial practicians there are enough the facts of unreasonable initiation of legal proceedings concerning businessmen, with an application of measures of criminal procedure coercion (arrest on the property, blocking of bank accounts and so forth) which result is crash of firm. Change of territorial jurisdiction of consideration of the case of another region by the court is directed to the elimination of a possibility of rendering an impact on objectivity of adjudication. Casual distribution of participation of the lawyer in a criminal case to a destination (when he has to be present surely for protection of the defendant) promotes impartiality of realization of the function of protection in pre-judicial production. The intention of the legislator to enter the obligatory video protocol of court session is directed to a performance by all participants of the process of legal instructions and duties will eliminate possible manifestations of corruption character by officials. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Anti-Corruption The Criminal Procedure Legislation of Russia is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Acute bronchitis – modern possibilities of mucactive therapy

Aim. Analysis of the clinical effectiveness and safety of erdosteine use in comparison with standard (real practice) mucoactive therapy in patients with acute bronchitis (АВ) in adults. Materials and methods. The observational program included 100 adult patients with АВ, 50 of them (group 1) received erdosteine, the group 2 also included 50 patients who received acetylcysteine, bromhexine and other mucolytics (real clinical practice). The following were assessed: cough severity, average time for resolution of night and daytime cough, satisfaction with treatment, NO concentration in exhaled air, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results. The average duration of relief of severe daytime cough requiring continued therapy was: in group 1 – 3.7±0.46 days, night cough – 1.14±0.94 days. In the second group, daytime cough was relieved in 3.8±0.4 days, night cough – 1.08±0.7 days. The duration of mucoactive therapy in group 1 was 5.32±0.82 days, in group 2 this figure was 8.5±1.4 days (p0.05). The number of АВ patients with a significant reduction in the severity of productive cough (1 point on cough severity scale) on the 6th day from the beginning of treatment in group 1 (erdosteine) amounted to 32 (64%), in group 2 – 27 (54%). Satisfaction with the treatment was higher in the group receiving erdosteine: according to the indicators "very satisfied" and "extremely satisfied" the patients of the group 1 – 42 – were the leaders in comparison with the group 2, where these positions were marked by 28 patients. The level of CRP in patients with АВ in group 1 was 24.7±21.24 mg/l, in group 2 – 16.37±16.5 mg/l, which indicates the viral etiology of the process and no need in the prescription of antimicrobial drugs. For the first time in Russian practice, the following were determined: the level of IL-6, which in the group 1 was 10.3±6.7 pc/ml; in the group 2 – 10.03±3.94 pc/ml; the level of exhaled NO in group 1 was 16.5±5.1 ppb, in group 2 – 14.9±4.6 ppb (the norm is up to 25 ppb). These indicators, against the background of mucoactive therapy, decreased to normal values by 6th day. Conclusion. The findings expand our understanding of АВ in adults. New results have been obtained on the role of CRP, IL-6 and NO in exhaled air during АВ. The use of erdosteine was accompanied by a significant mucoactive effect in the form of a pronounced regression of cough in patients with АВ compared to the comparison group in shorter term

Experimental study of the evaporation of sessile nanoliter liquid drops

Evaporation of a sessile nanoliter water droplet was investigated experimentally at a temperature difference between the solid substrate and surrounding atmosphere from 30 to 50°C. The studies were performed on the float glass substrate with aluminum nanocoating of optical quality. The research has shown that the specific rate of evaporation (mass loss per unit of the drop surface area) increases with the decrease in droplet volume and at the last stage several times exceeds the initial value