Acute respiratory viral infections: directions for diagnosis and rational therapy (how to avoid mistakes?): A review

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) still remain one of the most pressing human diseases due to the extremely high incidence rate. Among all the pathogens of ARVI, rhinoviruses and influenza viruses are of leading importance. This publication once again draws the reader’s attention to the basic principles of managing a patient with ARVI and influenza, and the “red line” defines the main goal – “how to avoid mistakes?”

Research of Mechanical Treatment Influence on Rheological Properties of Coal-Water Fuel Based on Low-Grade 3B Coal

Experimental study of mechanical treatment effect of rotary flow modulation device on coal-water fuel rheological properties were conducted. The slurry was prepared on the basis of low-grade 3B coal from Balakhtinskoe deposit

Acute bronchitis – modern possibilities of mucactive therapy

Aim. Analysis of the clinical effectiveness and safety of erdosteine use in comparison with standard (real practice) mucoactive therapy in patients with acute bronchitis (АВ) in adults. Materials and methods. The observational program included 100 adult patients with АВ, 50 of them (group 1) received erdosteine, the group 2 also included 50 patients who received acetylcysteine, bromhexine and other mucolytics (real clinical practice). The following were assessed: cough severity, average time for resolution of night and daytime cough, satisfaction with treatment, NO concentration in exhaled air, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results. The average duration of relief of severe daytime cough requiring continued therapy was: in group 1 – 3.7±0.46 days, night cough – 1.14±0.94 days. In the second group, daytime cough was relieved in 3.8±0.4 days, night cough – 1.08±0.7 days. The duration of mucoactive therapy in group 1 was 5.32±0.82 days, in group 2 this figure was 8.5±1.4 days (p0.05). The number of АВ patients with a significant reduction in the severity of productive cough (1 point on cough severity scale) on the 6th day from the beginning of treatment in group 1 (erdosteine) amounted to 32 (64%), in group 2 – 27 (54%). Satisfaction with the treatment was higher in the group receiving erdosteine: according to the indicators "very satisfied" and "extremely satisfied" the patients of the group 1 – 42 – were the leaders in comparison with the group 2, where these positions were marked by 28 patients. The level of CRP in patients with АВ in group 1 was 24.7±21.24 mg/l, in group 2 – 16.37±16.5 mg/l, which indicates the viral etiology of the process and no need in the prescription of antimicrobial drugs. For the first time in Russian practice, the following were determined: the level of IL-6, which in the group 1 was 10.3±6.7 pc/ml; in the group 2 – 10.03±3.94 pc/ml; the level of exhaled NO in group 1 was 16.5±5.1 ppb, in group 2 – 14.9±4.6 ppb (the norm is up to 25 ppb). These indicators, against the background of mucoactive therapy, decreased to normal values by 6th day. Conclusion. The findings expand our understanding of АВ in adults. New results have been obtained on the role of CRP, IL-6 and NO in exhaled air during АВ. The use of erdosteine was accompanied by a significant mucoactive effect in the form of a pronounced regression of cough in patients with АВ compared to the comparison group in shorter term

Experimental study of the evaporation of sessile nanoliter liquid drops

Evaporation of a sessile nanoliter water droplet was investigated experimentally at a temperature difference between the solid substrate and surrounding atmosphere from 30 to 50°C. The studies were performed on the float glass substrate with aluminum nanocoating of optical quality. The research has shown that the specific rate of evaporation (mass loss per unit of the drop surface area) increases with the decrease in droplet volume and at the last stage several times exceeds the initial value

The influence of the physical properties of the liquid on the formation of thermo-capillary structures

An experimental study of the formation of thermocapillary structures at low Reynolds numbers and temperature gradients at the surface of the film in a wide range of the viscosity of the liquid was carried out. The data on the distance between the rivulets are generalized. It is shown that the transverse dimension of structures is determined by the capillary constant and does not depend on either the viscosity of the liquid or the flow rate

Роль методов визуализации для обеспечения безопасности пациента в анестезиологической практике (обзор)

Medical imaging deals with physical examination and visual monitoring the organs and tissues. The main advantage of the imaging is capability to get quick and informative diagnostic data on the state of the main body systems in real time. In addition, imaging system using can reduce the risk of complications during manipulations. In this review, the potential of various imaging techniques, their advantages and disadvantages, and features of their application in anesthesiology are discussed.Медицинская визуализация, как комплекс мер, основанный на применении физических методов обследования и направленный на осуществление зрительного контроля за состоянием исследуемого органа и ткани или изменением его вследствие внешнего воздействия является одной из основ современной безопасной анестезиологической практики. Главным преимуществом визуализации является возможность быстро, информативно, в режиме реального времени получить необходимые диагностические данные о состоянии основных систем организма. Кроме того, ее применение позволяет уменьшить риски развития осложнений при выполнении манипуляций. В настоящем обзоре указаны возможности различных методов визуализации, их положительные и отрицательные стороны, особенности применения

Study of thermal behavior of microlayer under vapor bubble at liquid boiling

The results of experimental study of evolution of temperature fields under single vapor bubble obtained by high-speed infrared thermometry with high spatial resolution (13 μm) are presented in this paper. The data were obtained at pool boiling of saturated ethanol and deionized water at atmospheric pressure. Reconstruction of local instantaneous heat flux distribution on the heater surface was carried out with the use of numerical simulation. It is shown that maximal local heat flux was observed in the microlayer region on the bubble growth stage and reached the value an order of magnitude greater than the input heat flux. Based on the results of experimental and numerical researches the estimations of the microlayer thickness were carried out at pool boiling of water and ethanol, which are in good agreement with the experimental data presented in the literature and obtained using laser interferometry

Numerical study of magnetic nanofluids flow in the round channel located in the constant magnetic field

In this paper, the study of ferromagnetic nanoparticles behaviour in the constant magnetic field is carried out. For numerical simulation we have used Euler-Lagrange two-component approach. Using numerical simulation we have studied the growth of deposition of nanoparticles on the channel walls depending on the Reynolds number and the position of the magnet. The flow pattern, the concentration field and the trajectory of nanoparticles as a function of the Reynolds number were obtained. The good qualitative and quantitative agreement between numerical simulation and experiments was shown

The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts

Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species’ threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015

26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 - Meeting Abstracts - Antwerp, Belgium. 15–20 July 2017

This work was produced as part of the activities of FAPESP Research,\ud Disseminations and Innovation Center for Neuromathematics (grant\ud 2013/07699-0, S. Paulo Research Foundation). NLK is supported by a\ud FAPESP postdoctoral fellowship (grant 2016/03855-5). ACR is partially\ud supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)