National trends in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among Korean adults, 2007-2020

Little is known about the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to investigate the long-term trends in CKD prevalence from South Korea including the early pandemic. We used data from 108,152 Korean adults from 2007 to 2020 obtained from a representative longitudinal serial study. We defined CKD as a condition when the participant’s estimated glomerular filtration rate was < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, or one-time spot proteinuria was ≥ 1 +, and then examined the overall trends in the prevalence of CKD. Among the included adults (n = 80,010), the overall national prevalence of CKD was 6.2%. The trend slope gradually increased from 2007 to 2019, however, there was a sudden decrease in 2020 (2007–2010, 5.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.7–5.5]; 2017–2019, 7.1% [95% CI 6.6–7.6]; pandemic period, 6.5% [95% CI 5.7–7.3]; and βdiff, − 0.19; 95% CI − 0.24 to − 0.13). The prevalence of CKD among younger adults and those with poor medical utilization significantly decreased during the early pandemic. This study was the first large-scale study to investigate the longitudinal prevalence of CKD from 2007 to 2020. Further research is needed to fully understand the exact causes for this decline and to identify healthcare policy strategies for preventing and managing CKD

Comparison of agranulocytosis and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis caused by two antithyroid drugs: a pharmacovigilance study using the WHO international database

BackgroundMethimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) are commonly used for patients with thyrotoxicosis. Agranulocytosis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, requiring appropriate interventions. In this study, we compared adverse drug effects associated with MMI and PTU using a real-world large pharmacovigilance database.MethodsWe searched all Individual Case Safety Reports reported to be associated with MMI and PTU, from VigiBase between 1967 and June 2, 2021. We conducted disproportionality analysis (case/non-case analysis) to analyze the difference in reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) between antithyroid drugs (case) and the entire database (non-cases). We further analyzed information for the cases of agranulocytosis and AAV.ResultsAmong 11 632 cases of ADRs reported after MMI intake, agranulocytosis occurred in 1633 cases and AAV occurred in 41 cases. For 5055 cases of ADRs reported after PTU intake, agranulocytosis occurred in 459 cases and AAV occurred in 110 cases. Agranulocytosis occurred after a median of 28 days after PTU intake and 33 days after MMI intake. More than 95% of the agranulocytosis cases were classified as serious, but most of them (65.1% for PTU and 70.4% for MMI) were reported to have recovered after dechallenge actions; mostly drug withdrawal. AAV occurred after a median of 668 days after PTU intake, and 1162 days after MMI intake.ConclusionsThis is a pharmacoepidemiological study investigating agranulocytosis and AAV caused by MMI and PTU. Through this research, we could provide more specific insights into a safe prescription of antithyroid drugs in a real-world setting.</p

DataSheet_1_COVID-19 outcomes in patients with a history of immune-mediated glomerular diseases.pdf

IntroductionPatients with immune-mediated glomerular diseases are considered at high risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, conclusive evidence for this patient population is scarce.MethodsWe created a global registry and retrospectively collected clinical data of patients with COVID-19 and a previously diagnosed immune-mediated glomerular disease to characterize specific risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes.ResultsFifty-nine patients with a history of immune-mediated glomerular diseases were diagnosed with COVID-19 between 01.03.2020 and 31.08.2021. Over a mean follow-up period of 24.79 ± 18.89 days, ten patients (16.9%) developed acute kidney injury. Overall, 44.1% of patients were managed in an outpatient setting and therefore considered as having “non-severe” COVID-19, while 55.9% of patients had severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization including worse outcomes. Comparing both groups, patients with severe COVID-19 were significantly older (53.55 ± 17.91 versus 39.77 ± 14.95 years, p = .003), had lower serum albumin levels at presentation (3.00 ± 0.80 g/dL versus 3.99 ± 0.68 g/dL, p = .016) and had a higher risk of developing acute kidney injury (27% versus 4%, p = .018). Male sex (p ConclusionOlder age, male sex, ongoing intake of corticosteroids and lower serum albumin levels at presentation were identified as risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with a history of various immune-mediated glomerular diseases.</p

The impact of urinary incontinence on multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analysis of observational studies

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