Trends and Patterns in the Nexus Between Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation: a Bibliometric Review and Research Agenda

Scholars’ interest in social entrepreneurship (SE) and social innovation (SI) has been growing in recent decades. Despite the literature’s contribution to the scientific maturity of these fields via rigorous bibliometric reviews, whether social innovation occurs within social entrepreneurship is still unclear. The extant reviews also remain limited by their use of traditional bibliometric indicators. We therefore address these theoretical and methodological limitations via a bibliometric analysis of the intersection of these two theoretical domains, combining co-citation analysis, historiography, and bibliographic coupling. Demonstrating the recent theoretical evolution of social innovation research under the social entrepreneurship umbrella, we document the beginning of a new trend that can open new research pathways. Thus, we contribute to academic research by documenting the theoretical developments, clusters, and groups of interests at the intersection of SE and SI. Finally, our suggestions for future research may support the proliferation of and cross-pollination among these studies

Entrepreneurship and misconducting behaviors: A conceptual model of institutional divergence

Over the last decades, scholars considered entrepreneurship as synonymous with thinking “outside of the box” and breaking the status quo. In this view, entrepreneurs are often viewed as heroes that try to improve the status quo. However, not all entrepreneurial rule-breaking are legal or moral a priori. The business landscape depicts a number of entrepreneurial ventures holding rebellious and anti-social postures. Despite the relevance of such a phenomenon, the motives and the dynamics beyond how and why some entrepreneurs deliberately diverge from laws and social norms has been overlooked. Accordingly, we introduce a novel conceptual model and framework using four propositions that contributes to the extant literature in two ways: first, we propose a logic through which entrepreneurs consciously diverge from legal and legitimate institutions, and second, we introduce antecedents and moderating variables explaining the behaviors of disobeying regulations and moral codes by leveraging cognitive and institutional theories. Finally, practical implications of the proposed model for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and business educators are discussed

Il mercato del vino nella Grande Distribuzione Organizzata in Italia. Tendenze 2009-2017 e Previsioni.

This report analyzes the composition and trends of wine sales in the Italian large-scale retail trade in the period 2009-2017. The analysis focuses on wine sales by type of product, i.e. sales format, color, still/sparkling wine, geographical indication, sales in promotion. Specific insights regard wines in 0.75 liter glass bottles, Private Label wine and the first twenty designations of origin in terms of value sold in the large-scale distribution. Lastly, forecasting models based on quarterly time series have been developed to provide a picture of the future performance of the sector. The study allows defining appropriate strategies to be implemented to respond to new consumption trends

Il mercato del vino nella Grande Distribuzione Organizzata in Italia

This report analyzes the composition and trends of wine sales in the Italian large-scale retail trade in the period 2009-2017. The analysis focuses on wine sales by type of product, i.e. sales format, color, still/sparkling wine, geographical indication, sales in promotion. Specific insights regard wines in 0.75 liter glass bottles, Private Label wine and the first twenty designations of origin in terms of value sold in the large-scale distribution. Lastly, forecasting models based on quarterly time series have been developed to provide a picture of the future performance of the sector. The study allows defining appropriate strategies to be implemented to respond to new consumption trends

Polyelectrolyte interactions enable rapid association and dissociation in high-affinity disordered protein complexes

Highly charged intrinsically disordered proteins can form complexes with very high affinity in which both binding partners fully retain their disorder and dynamics, exemplified by the positively charged linker histone H1.0 and its chaperone, the negatively charged prothymosin α. Their interaction exhibits another surprising feature: The association/dissociation kinetics switch from slow two-state-like exchange at low protein concentrations to fast exchange at higher, physiologically relevant concentrations. Here we show that this change in mechanism can be explained by the formation of transient ternary complexes favored at high protein concentrations that accelerate the exchange between bound and unbound populations by orders of magnitude. Molecular simulations show how the extreme disorder in such polyelectrolyte complexes facilitates (i) diffusion-limited binding, (ii) transient ternary complex formation, and (iii) fast exchange of monomers by competitive substitution, which together enable rapid kinetics. Biological polyelectrolytes thus have the potential to keep regulatory networks highly responsive even for interactions with extremely high affinities

Simultaneous quantification of natural and inducible regulatory T-cell subsets during interferon-\u3b2 therapy of multiple sclerosis patients

The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic activity of interferon-\u3b2 in multiple sclerosis are still not completely understood. In the present study, we evaluated the short and long-term effects of interferon-\u3b2 treatment on different subsets of regulatory T cells in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients biologically responsive to treatment because of mixovirus resistance protein A inducibility

Immunopathological signatures in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and pediatric COVID-19

: Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 (pCOVID-19) is rarely severe; however, a minority of children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), with substantial morbidity. In this longitudinal multi-institutional study, we applied multi-omics (analysis of soluble biomarkers, proteomics, single-cell gene expression and immune repertoire analysis) to profile children with COVID-19 (n = 110) and MIS-C (n = 76), along with pediatric healthy controls (pHCs; n = 76). pCOVID-19 was characterized by robust type I interferon (IFN) responses, whereas prominent type II IFN-dependent and NF-κB-dependent signatures, matrisome activation and increased levels of circulating spike protein were detected in MIS-C, with no correlation with SARS-CoV-2 PCR status around the time of admission. Transient expansion of TRBV11-2 T cell clonotypes in MIS-C was associated with signatures of inflammation and T cell activation. The association of MIS-C with the combination of HLA A*02, B*35 and C*04 alleles suggests genetic susceptibility. MIS-C B cells showed higher mutation load than pCOVID-19 and pHC. These results identify distinct immunopathological signatures in pCOVID-19 and MIS-C that might help better define the pathophysiology of these disorders and guide therapy

Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population