Avaliação histopatológica da toxicidade da formalina em Arapaima gigas (Arapaimidae), o peixe gigante da Amazônia

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a concentração letal e efeitos estruturais e ultraestruturais causados pela exposição a formalina em juvenis de Arapaima gigas. Noventa peixes (60,1±2,5g e 20,2±0,9cm) foram expostos a 0, 22, 44, 66, 88 e 110mg L-1, para determinar a concentração letal (CL50-96h) de formalina que foi 36,4mg L-1. Os efeitos subletais foram avaliados por análises histopatológicas das brânquias e avaliação das alterações comportamentais e sinais clínicos. A CL50 de formalina para 24, 48 e 72horas foi de 88,3, 64,7 e 56,8; respectivamente. Sinais clínicos e alterações comportamentais encontradas foram: natação errática, letargia, aglomeração de peixes na superfície da água, perda de equilíbrio hidrodinâmico, espasmos e confronto agonísticos, observados apenas nas concentrações de 88 e 110mg L-1. O índice de alteração histológica (IAH) mostrou que as concentrações de 66, 88 e 100mg L-1 apresentaram diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) em relação aos controles, indicando a ocorrência de danos moderados nas brânquias dos peixes expostos a formalina. Os valores médios de alteração (VMA) para as concentrações 22, 44, 66, 88 e 110mg L-1 foram 1,14, 1,29, 1,51, 1,53 e 1,60; respectivamente, e as diferenças na composição desse índice foram observados apenas na exposição com 110mg L-1 de formalina. Foi possível concluir que concentrações subletais de formalina (22,0mg L-1) não comprometem a saúde de juvenis de A. gigas. Concentrações de formalina acima da CL50-96h podem ser usadas cuidadosamente para banho de curto tempo, uma vez que o VMA para todas as concentrações testadas indicou apenas lesões localizadas que não comprometem a funcionalidade das brânquias dos peixes expostos. © 2018 Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal.This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration and the structural and ultra-structural effects caused by the formalin exposure on juveniles of Arapaima gigas. Ninety fish (60.1± 2.5g and 20.2±0.9cm) were exposed to 0, 22, 44, 66, 88 and 110mg L-1 in order to determine the lethal concentration (LC50-96h) that was 36.4mg L-1 of formalin. Sublethal effects were evaluated using histopathological analysis on the gills and assessment of behavioral alterations and clinical signs. The LC50 of formalin for 24, 48 and 72h was 88.3, 64.7 and 56.8mg L-1 respectively. Clinical signs and behavioral changes were found: erratic swimming, lethargy, crowding on the water surface, loss of hydrodynamic equilibrium, spasms and agonistic confrontation, which were observed only at 88 and 110mg L-1. The histological alteration index (HAI) showed that 66, 88 and 100mg L-1 presented significant difference (p < 0.05) in relation to unexposed fish, indicating that moderate damage to the gills of fish exposed to formalin had occurred. The mean values of alteration (MVA) for 22, 44, 66, 88 and 110mg L-1 were 1.14, 1.29, 1.51, 1.53 and 1.60 respectively, and differences in this index were only observed with 110 mgL-1 of formalin. It is therefore possible to conclude that sublethal concentrations of formalin (22.0mg L-1) did not compromise the health of juveniles of A. gigas. Finally, concentrations greater than to LC50-96h may be carefully used for short-term exposure, since the MVA for all concentrations tested only indicated localized lesions that did not compromise gills functionality of exposed fish. © 2018 Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal

Ocorrência de Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Railliet, 1898) (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae) infectando o Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica Bowdich, 1822 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) na região amazônica

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-01-15T20:36:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 melissa2_cardenas_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 1079268 bytes, checksum: 6a4741f7d8217840bcc27fefc22023ad (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-01-15T20:46:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 melissa2_cardenas_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 1079268 bytes, checksum: 6a4741f7d8217840bcc27fefc22023ad (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-15T20:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 melissa2_cardenas_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 1079268 bytes, checksum: 6a4741f7d8217840bcc27fefc22023ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012UNINILTONLINS. Universidade Nilton Lins. Laboratório de Zoologia Aplicada. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Prefeitura Municipal de Manaus. SEDEMA-Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.UNINILTONLINS. Universidade Nilton Lins. Laboratório de Entomologia Aplicada. Manaus, AM, Brasil.IBAMA. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. Escritório Regional de Gurupi. Gurupi, TO, Brasil.UNINILTONLINS. Universidade Nilton Lins. Laboratório de Zoologia Aplicada. Manaus, AM, Brasil.INPA. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Coordenação de Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca. Interior. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Achatina fulica ou “caramujo africano” é uma espécie exótica, considerada uma das cem piores espécies invasoras do mundo, causando sérios danos ambientais. No presente estudo foi registrado, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência do Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infectando o A. fulica na região amazônica. Esse nematóide é descrito parasitando principalmente o sistema pulmonar de felinos, causando a “aelurostrongilose”, também conhecida como estrongiloidose cardio-pulmonar felina. Novos dados morfométricos de larvas de terceiro estágio são apresentados. Dos 45 caramujos coletados, 40% estavam infectados por larvas de A. abstrusus. Especimens de Achatina fulica foram coletados em três áreas da cidade de Manaus: rural, leste e oeste. A zona leste apresentou a maior prevalência de 80%. O grande número de A. fulica encontrado em áreas habitadas aumenta as chances de ocorrência de zoonoses emergentes e destaca a necessidade de mais estudos para o melhor controle da doença.Achatina fulica or “giant African snail” is an exotic species, considered to be one of the world’s hundred most invasive species, causing serious environmental damages. In the present study we report, for the first time, the occurrence of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infecting A. fulica in the Amazon region. This nematode is described parasitizing mainly the pulmonary system of felines, which causes “aelurostrongilose”, also known as feline cardio-pulmonary strongyloidosis. New morphometric data of third stage larvae are presented herein. The present study demonstrated that 40% of all the snails were infected by A. abstrusus. Achatina fulica specimens were collected from three different areas in Manaus namely: rural; east and west areas. The east area presents the highest prevalence of 80%. The large number of A. fulica found in inhabited areas increases the chances of emergent zoonoses, which highlights the need of further studies so as to better control this disease

Control of Hysterothylacium sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in juvenile pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) by the oral application of essential oil of Piper aduncum

The nematode Hysterothylacium sp. (Nematoda, Anisakidae) may cause significant economic losses in fish production. In order to control the nematode larvae in juvenile pirarucu (52 ± 3.2 g), the efficacy of essential oil (EO) of Piper aduncum when added to feed was evaluated. Chemical analysis of the EO composition had been performed previously, showing that 92% of the substance was dillapiole. After the palatability test, the efficacy of the EO was evaluated (0, 32, 48, 56, and 64 mL/kg) at 7 and 15 days, based on the blood parameters and the parasite load of the fish. The results showed significant differences for hematocrit and corpuscular constants at 7 days and for total proteins at 15 days between the treatment groups and the control group (without EO). The parasitic indices showed a prevalence of 100% for stage L3 larva of the nematode Hysterothylacium sp. At 7 and 15 days, the values of average intensity, average abundance, and intensity of parasites decreased with increasing EO concentration, and at 15 days, these were significantly lower between the treatment group and the control group, with an efficacy of 76.21% for 64 mL/kg. Thus, the EO of P. aduncum demonstrates anthelmintic potential in the control of nematode larvae in pirarucu without affecting fish homeostasis. © 2018 Elsevier B.V

Occurrence of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Railliet, 1898) larvae (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae) infecting Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica Bowdich, 1822 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Amazon region Ocorrência de Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Railliet, 1898) (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae) infectando o Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica Bowdich, 1822 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) na região amazônica

Achatina fulica or "giant African snail" is an exotic species, considered to be one of the world's hundred most invasive species, causing serious environmental damages. In the present study we report, for the first time, the occurrence of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infecting A.fulica in the Amazon region. This nematode is described parasitizing mainly the pulmonary system of felines, which causes "aelurostrongilose", also known as feline cardio-pulmonary strongyloidosis. New morphometric data of third stage larvae are presented herein. The present study demonstrated that 40% of all the snails were infected by A. abstrusus. Achatina fulica specimens were collected from three different areas in Manaus namely: rural; east and west areas. The east area presents the highest prevalence of 80%. The large number of A.fulica found in inhabited areas increases the chances of emergent zoonoses, which highlights the need of further studies so as to better control this disease.<br>Achatina fulica ou "caramujo africano" é uma espécie exótica, considerada uma das cem piores espécies invasoras do mundo, causando sérios danos ambientais. No presente estudo foi registrado, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência do Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infectando o A.fulica na região amazônica. Esse nematóide é descrito parasitando principalmente o sistema pulmonar de felinos, causando a "aelurostrongilose", também conhecida como estrongiloidose cardio-pulmonar felina. Novos dados morfométricos de larvas de terceiro estágio são apresentados. Dos 45 caramujos coletados, 40% estavam infectados por larvas de A. abstrusus. Especimens de Achatina fulica foram coletados em três áreas da cidade de Manaus: rural, leste e oeste. A zona leste apresentou a maior prevalência de 80%. O grande número de A.fulica encontrado em áreas habitadas aumenta as chances de ocorrência de zoonoses emergentes e destaca a necessidade de mais estudos para o melhor controle da doença

Control of Hysterothylacium sp . (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in juvenile pirarucu ( Arapaima gigas ) by the oral application of essential oil of Piper aduncum

The nematode Hysterothylacium sp. (Nematoda, Anisakidae) may cause significant economic losses in fish production. In order to control the nematode larvae in juvenile pirarucu (52 ± 3.2 g), the efficacy of essential oil (EO) of Piper aduncum when added to feed was evaluated. Chemical analysis of the EO composition had been performed previously, showing that 92% of the substance was dillapiole. After the palatability test, the efficacy of the EO was evaluated (0, 32, 48, 56, and 64 mL/kg) at 7 and 15 days, based on the blood parameters and the parasite load of the fish. The results showed significant differences for hematocrit and corpuscular constants at 7 days and for total proteins at 15 days between the treatment groups and the control group (without EO). The parasitic indices showed a prevalence of 100% for stage L3 larva of the nematode Hysterothylacium sp. At 7 and 15 days, the values of average intensity, average abundance, and intensity of parasites decreased with increasing EO concentration, and at 15 days, these were significantly lower between the treatment group and the control group, with an efficacy of 76.21% for 64 mL/kg. Thus, the EO of P. aduncum demonstrates anthelmintic potential in the control of nematode larvae in pirarucu without affecting fish homeostasis. © 2018 Elsevier B.V