Sexual Violence: A Descriptive Study Of Rape Victims And Care In A University Referral Center In São Paulo State, Brazil [violência Sexual: Estudo Descritivo Sobre As Vítimas E O Atendimento Em Um Service Universitário De Referência No Estado De São Paulo, Brasil]

Rape is a global public health problem, and steps have been taken to encourage studies on the issue and propose interventions for its prevention and appropriate care. This study aimed to characterize the population of female rape victims and describe the characteristics of the sexual assault and the care provided at a university referral center. This was a quantitative retrospective study of care provided to female rape victims from June 2006 to December 2010. The majority of the women (n = 687) were white, single, had no children, with a mean age of 23.7 years and primary to secondary schooling, employed, and practiced a religion. One-fourth of the victims reported no sexual intercourse prior to the sexual assault. Rape occurred mainly at night, on the street, perpetrated by a single stranger, with vaginal penetration, and with threatened or actual force. Most of the victims had reported the rape to someone and felt supported. Early care occurred for almost 90% of women, allowing preventive measures. From 2006 to 2010 there was an increase in the proportion of women that sought help. Better knowledge of the characteristics of this group and the event itself can help improve the structure and functioning of models to assist rape victims.295889898Oliveira, E.M., Barbosa, R.M., Moura, A.A.V.M., Kossel, K., Morelli, K., Botelho, L.F.F., Atendimento às mulheres vítimas de violência sexual: Um estudo qualitativo (2005) Rev Saúde Pública, 39, pp. 376-382Krug, E.G., Dahlberg, L.L., Mercy, J.A., Zwi, A.B., Lozano, R., (2002) World Report On Violence and Health, , editors, Geneva: World Health Organization(2008) Temático Prevenção De Violências E Cultura Da Paz III, , Ministério da Saúde, Brasília: Organização Pan-Americana da SaúdeBlack, M.C., Basile, K.C., Breiding, M.J., Smith, S.G., Walters, M.L., Merrick, M.T., (2011) The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report. Atlanta: National Center For Injury Prevention and Control, , Centers for Disease Control and PreventionBasile, K.C., Smith, S.G., Sexual violence victimization of women: Prevalence, characteristics, and the role of public health and prevention (2011) Am J Lifestyle Med, 5, pp. 407-417(2009), 10. , Brasil. Lei no 12.015, de 7 de agosto de 2009. Altera o Título VI da Parte Especial do Decreto-Lei no 2.848, de 7 de dezembro de 1940 - Código Penal, e o art. 1o da Lei no 8.072, de 25 de julho de 1990, que dispõe sobre os crimes hediondos, nos termos do inciso XLIII do art. 5o da Constituição Federal e revoga a Lei no 2.252, de 10 de julho de 1954, que trata de corrupção de menores. Diário Oficial da União, agoMason, F., Lodrick, Z., Psychological consequences of sexual assault (2013) Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 27, pp. 27-37Grossin, C., Sibille, I., Grandmaison, G.L., Banasr, A., Brion, F., Durigon, M., Analysis of 418 cases of sexual assault (2003) Forensic Sci Int, 131, pp. 125-130Favarelli, C., Giugni, A., Salvatori, S., Ricca, V., Psychopathology after rape (2004) Am J Psychiatry, 161, pp. 1483-1485Campbell, L., Keegan, A., Cybulska, B., Forster, G., Prevalence of mental health problems and deliberate self-harm in complainants of sexual violence (2007) J Forensic Leg Med, 14, pp. 75-78(1993) Declaration On the Elimination of Violence Against Women, , United Nations General Assembly, Geneva: United Nations(2010) Ministério Da Saúde, , Departamento de Ações Programáticas Estratégicas, Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde, Prevenção e tratamento dos agravos resultantes da violência contra mulheres e adolescentes: norma técnica. 3a Ed. Brasília: Ministério da SaúdeDegue, S., Simon, T.R., Basile, K.C., Yee, S.L., Lang, K., Spivak, H., Moving forward by looking back: Reflecting on a decade of CDC's work on sexual violence prevention, 2000-2010 (2012) J Womens Health (Larchmt), 21, pp. 1211-1218Bedone, A.J., Faúndes, A., Atendimento integral às mulheres vítimas de violência sexual: Centro de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (2007) Cad Saúde Pública, 23, pp. 465-469Higa, R., Mondaca, A.D.C.A., Reis, M.J., Lopes, M.H.B.M., Atendimento àmulher vítima de violência sexual: Protocolo de Assistência de Enfermagem (2008) Rev Esc Enferm USP, 42, pp. 377-382Maia, C.A.T., Mondaca, A.D.C.A., Duarte, C.S., Lima, J.A., Colodo, M., Lemos, T.M., Mulheres vítimas de violência sexual: Atendimento multidisciplinar (2000) Femina, 28, pp. 155-161Estatística De Criminalidade, , http://www.ssp.sp.gov.br/estatistica/downloads/manual.pdf, Coordenadoria de Análise e Planejamento, Secretaria da Segurança Pública de São Paulo, Manual de interpretação, acessado em 1/Ago/2010Rand, M., Catalano, S., (2006) Criminal Victimization, , http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pubalp2.htm#cvus, acessado em 06/Jun/2010Madi, S.R.C., Knob, L.F., Lorencetti, J., Marcon, N.O., Madi, J.M., Sexual violence: Experience of a Program for the Care of Sexual Violence Victims (PRAVIVIS) at a General Hospital in Caxias do Sul, South Brazil (2010) Rev AMRIGS, 54, pp. 13-18Danielson, C.K., Holmes, M.M., Adolescent sexual assault: An update of the literature (2004) Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 16, pp. 383-388Mattar, R., Abraão, A.R., Andalaft, N.J., Colas, O.R., Schroeder, I., Machado, S.J.R., Assistência multiprofissional à vitima de violência sexual: A experiência da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (2007) Cad Saúde Pública, 23, pp. 459-464Andrade, R.P., Guimarães, A.C.P., Fagoti, F.A., Carvalho, N.S., Arrabal, J.S., Rocha, D.M., Características demográficas e intervalo para atendimento em mulheres vítimas de violência sexual (2001) Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet, 23, pp. 583-587Lopes, I.M.R.S., Gomes, K.R.O., Silva, B.B., Deus, M.C.B.R., Galvão, E.R.C.G.N., Borba, D.C., Caracterização da violência sexual em mulheres atendidas no projeto Maria-Maria em Teresina-PI (2004) Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet, 26, pp. 111-116http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/amostra/, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Resultados gerais da amostra do Censo Demográfico de 2010, acessado em 25/Jul/2012Oliveira, P.M., Carvalho, M.L.O., Perfil das mulheres atendidas no Programa Municipal de Atendimento à Mulher Vítima de Violência Sexual em Londrina- PR e as circunstâncias da violência sofrida: Período de outubro de 2001 a agosto de 2004 (2006) Semina Ciênc Biol Saúde, 27, pp. 3-11Coid, J., Petruckevitch, A., Chung, W.S., Richardson, J., Moorey, S., Feder, G., Abusive experiences and psychiatric morbidity in women primary care attenders (2003) Br J Psychiatry, 183, pp. 332-339Filkenhor, D., Ormrod, R., Turner, H., Hamby, S.L., The victimization of children and youth: A comprehensive, national survey (2005) Child Maltreat, 10, pp. 5-25Guimarães, J.A.T.L., Villela, W.V., Características da violência física e sexual contra crianças e adolescentes atendidos no IML de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil (2011) Cad Saúde Pública, 27, pp. 1647-1653Belknap, J., Rape: Too hard to report and too easy to discredit victims (2010) Violence Against Women, 16, pp. 1335-1344Oshikata, C.T., Bedone, A.J., Papa, M.S.F., Santos, G.B., Pinheiro, C.D., Kalies, A.H., Características das mulheres violentadas sexualmente e da adesão ao seguimento ambulatorial: Tendências observadas ao longo dos anos em um serviço de referência em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil (2011) Cad Saúde Pública, 27, pp. 701-713Kaukinen, C.E., Demaris, A., Age at first sexual assault and current substance use and depression (2005) J Interpers Violence, 20, pp. 1244-1270Ahrens, C.E., Campbell, R., Assisting rape victims as they recover from rape: The impact of friends (2000) J Interpers Violence, 15, pp. 959-986Ruback, R.B., Ivie, D.L., Prior relationship, resistance and injury rapes: An analysis of crisis center records (1988) Violence Vict, 3, pp. 99-111Wortman, C., Lehman, D., Reactions to victims of life crisis: Support attempts that fail (1985) Social Support: Theory, Research, and Applications, pp. 463-489. , In: Sarason I, Sarason B, editors, Boston: Martinus NijhoffTaylor, S., Wood, J., Lichtman, R.R., It could be worse: Selective evaluation as a response to victimization (1983) J Soc Issues, 39, pp. 19-40Lempert, L., Women's strategies for survival: Developing agency in abusive relationships (1996) J Fam Violence, 11, pp. 269-28

Twenty Years Of Electroconvulsive Therapy In A Psychiatric Unit At A University General Hospital [vinte Anos De Eletroconvulsoterapia Em Enfermaria Psiquiátrica De Hospital Geral Universitário]

Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients who underwent electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) at a university general hospital. Method: In this retrospective study, records from all patients undergoing ECT between January 1988 and January 2008 at the psychiatric unit of the general hospital of Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) were reviewed. Telephone contact was made with patients/relatives to collect follow-up data. Results: A total of 200 charts were reviewed. The majority of patients were women, with a mean age of 39 years, and history of psychiatric hospitalization. The main indications for ECT were depression and catatonia. Complications were observed in less than half of the cases, and most were temporary and not severe. There was a good psychiatric outcome for 89.7% of the patients, especially for catatonic patients (100%, p = 0.02). Thirty-four percent of the cases were later contacted by telephone calls, at a mean of 8.5 years between the procedure and the contact. Among these, three (1.5%) reported persistent memory disorders and 73% considered ECT a good treatment. Conclusion: ECT has been performed according to international guidelines. In the vast majority of cases, undesirable effects were temporary and not severe. Response to ECT was positive in most cases, particularly in catatonic patients. Keywords: Electroconvulsive therapy, treatment outcome, psychiatric somatic therapies, treatment, general hospital psychiatry. © APRS.353229233Perizzolo, J., Berlim, M.T., Szobot, C.M., Lima, A.F., Schestatsky, S., Fleck, M.P., Aspectos da prática da eletroconvulsoterapia: Uma revisão sistemática (2003) Rev Psiquiatr Rio Gd Sul, 25, pp. 327-334Pandya, M., Pozuelo, L., Malone, D., Electroconvulsive therapy: What the internist needs to know (2007) Cleve Clin J Med, 74, pp. 679-685(2001) The Practice of ECT: Recommendations For Treatment, Training, and Privileging, , American Psychiatric Association (APA), A task force report of the American Psychiatric Association. 2nd ed. Washington: American Psychiatric AssociationPastore, D.L., Bruno, L.M., Nardi, A.E., Dias, A.G., O uso da eletroconvulsoterapia no Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro no período de 2005 a 2007 (2008) Rev Psiquiatr Rio Gd Sul, 30, pp. 175-181(2002), http://www.portalmedico.org.br/resolucoes/cfm/2002/1640_2002.htm, Conselho Federal de Medicina, Brasília. Resolução CFM no. 1640/2002, jul, Accessed 2012 Sep 12Dierckx, B., Heijnen, W.T., van den Broek, W.W., Birkenhäger, T.K., Effcacy of electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar versus unipolar major depression: A meta-analysis (2012) Bipolar Disord, 14, pp. 146-150Mayo, C., Kaye, A.D., Conrad, E., Baluch, A., Frost, E., Update on anesthesia considerations for electroconvulsive therapy (2010) Middle East J Anesthesiol, 20, pp. 493-498Verwijk, E., Comijs, H.C., Kok, R.M., Spaans, H.P., Stek, M.L., Scherder, E.J., Neurocognitive effects after brief pulse and ultrabrief pulse unilateral electroconvulsive therapy for major depression: A review (2012) J Affect Disord, 140, pp. 233-243Moser, C.M., Lobato, M.I., Belmonte-de-Abreu, P., Evidence of the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in the psychiatric practice (2005) Rev Psiquiatr Rio Gd Sul, 27, pp. 302-310Ribeiro, R.B., Melzer-Ribeiro, D.L., Rigonatti, S.P., Cordeiro, Q., Electroconvulsive therapy in Brazil after the "psychiatric reform": A public health problem-example from a university service (2012) J ECT, 28, pp. 170-173Azi, L.A., Dalgalarrondo, P., Botega, N.J., Electroconvulsive therapy: A retrospective study of 50 cases (1999) J Bras Psiquiatr, 48, pp. 493-498Dalgalarrondo, P., Botega, N.J., Banzato, C.E., Pacientes que se benefciam de internação psiquiátrica em hospital geral (2003) Rev Saude Publica, 37, pp. 10-20Petrides, G., Tobias, K.G., Kellner, C.H., Rudorfer, M.V., Continuation and maintenance electroconvulsive therapy for mood disorders: Review of the literature (2011) Neuropsychobiology, 64, pp. 129-140Baghai, T.C., Möller, H.J., Electroconvulsive therapy and its different indications (2008) Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 10, pp. 105-117Pagnin, D., de Queiroz, V., Pini, S., Cassano, G.B., Effcacy of ECT in depression: A meta-analytic review (2004) J ECT, 20, pp. 13-20Mathys, M., Mitchell, B.G., Targeting treatment-resistant depression (2011) J Pharm Pract, 24, pp. 520-533Antunes, P.A., Rosa, M.A., Abreu, P.S.B., Lobato, M.I.R., Fleck, M.P., Electroconvulsive therapy in major depression: Current aspects (2009) Rev Bras Psiquiatr, 31, pp. S26-S33Braga, R.J., Petrides, G., Terapias somáticas para transtornos psiquiátricos resistentes ao tratamento (2007) Rev Bras Psiquiatr, 29, pp. S77-S84Bharadwaj, V., Grover, S., Chakrabarti, S., Avasthi, A., Kate, N., Clinical profle and outcome of bipolar disorder patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy: A study from north India (2012) Indian J Psychiatry, 54, pp. 41-47Scott, A.I., Electroconvulsive therapy, practice and evidence (2010) Br J Psychiatry, 196, pp. 171-17