25 research outputs found
Heterologous hyperimmune polyclonal antibodies against SARS-COV-2: A broad coverage, affordable, and scalable potential immunotherapy for Covid-19
The emergence and dissemination of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic triggered a global public health crisis.
Although several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been developed, demand far exceeds supply, access
to them is inequitable, and thus, populations in low- and middle-income countries are unlikely to
be protected soon (1). Furthermore, there are no specific therapies available, which is a challenge
for COVID-19 patient care (2). Thus, the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 variants and reports of
reinfections associated with immune escape (3, 4) highlight the urgent need for effective and broad
coverage COVID-19 therapeutics.
Intravenous administration of human or heterologous antibodies is a therapy successfully used
in patients with viral respiratory diseases (5). Accordingly, formulations containing SARS-CoV-2
specific antibodies are an attractive therapeutic option for COVID-19 patients (6). SARS-CoV-2
specific antibodies could limit infection by direct virion neutralization and/or by targeting infected
cells for elimination via complement or antibody-mediated cytotoxicity (6).
Specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody-based therapeutics include convalescent plasma (CP),
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), human polyclonal IgG formulations purified from CP or
transgenic animals, and heterologous hyperimmune polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) (6). Although
the window for using antibody-based therapeutics varies, clinical data show that they are mainly
effective if administered early after symptoms onset (6).Universidad de Costa Rica/[741-C0-198]/UCR/Costa RicaCaja Costarricense del Seguro Social/[]/CCSS/Costa RicaBanco Centroamericano de Integración Económica/[]/BCIE/Costa RicaGerman academic exchange services/[57592642]/DAAD/AlemaniaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de MedicinaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET
Epidemiología del trauma por quemaduras en la población atendida en un hospital infantil. manizales 2004-2005
Antecedentes. Las lesiones por quemaduras se han convertidoen un problema de salud pública, especialmente enpaíses en desarrollo.Objetivo. Identificar la epidemiología del trauma por quemadurasen la población que consultó al servicio de urgenciasdel Hospital Infantil “Rafael Henao Toro” de la ciudadde Manizales en el período comprendido entre el año 2004y 2005.Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivoretrospectivo con base en la revisión de 439 historias clínicas,evaluando las variables de edad, género, seguridad social,procedencia, área geográfica, causa, profundidad, gravedad,extensión en porcentaje, área corporal comprometida,estancia hospitalaria y compañía.Resultados. Se encontró que la mayoría de las quemadurasocurrieron en pacientes de un año de edad (21,6%),predominó el género masculino (59%). La mayoría notenía seguridad social (52,2%). El 44,9 por ciento de lospacientes residía en la ciudad de Manizales. La principaletiología fueron los alimentos en 194 pacientes (44,2%)predominando el grado I de quemadura en un 78,1 porciento, con gravedad moderada en 314 pacientes (71,5%).La media de estancia hospitalaria fue 11,99 días.Conclusiones. Se determinó una mayor frecuencia de quemadurasen niños, menores de cinco años, causadas poralimentos, en miembro superior y de gravedad moderada
Bullous systemic lupus mimicking a Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Autoimmune bullous diseases represent a diagnostic challenge due to the wide spectrum of pathologies that share similar clinical features. This paper reports the case of a woman admitted with a supposed diagnosis of a Stevens-Johnson syndrome, in which the history, the profile of autoimmunity and interdisciplinary approach were of vital importance to clarify the clinical picture
Evaluación productiva y microeconómica de la aplicación de fuentes comerciales de somatotropina bovina en vacas de leche Avaliação produtiva e microeconômica da aplicação de fontes comerciais de somatotropina bovina em vacas leiteiras Productive and microeconomic evaluation of commercial sources of bovine somatotropin application in dairy cows
Con el objetivo de analizar el desempeño productivo y reproductivo de la aplicación de dos fuentes comerciales de somatotropina bovina recombinante (BST-r) se emplearon 30 vacas de la raza holstein friesian de 1 a 4 partos y entre 60 y 180 días en leche (DEL). Se midió la producción de leche (diaria), la incidencia de mastitis y la condición corporal (CC) (mensual), y en las vacas vacías el período abierto (PA). Para la producción de leche se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 2 x 3 x 7 y una covariable, considerando como factores el parto (primíparas y multíparas); la hormona, grupo 1, BST-r1 (500 mg) + vitamina E (1665 UI) + lecitina (166.5 mg); grupo 2, BST-r2 (500 mg); y control, sin aplicación. El factor tiempo con siete niveles (aplicación 3 a 9). Los DEL al inicio del ensayo se tomaron como una covariable. Para evaluar el PA se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3 x 3, considerando como factores el número de parto (2, 3 y 4) y la hormona con los mismos tres niveles mencionados anteriormente. Los valores de CC fueron analizados por el método no paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, evaluando cinco momentos. La incidencia de mastitis se evaluó a partir de intervalos de confianza para la proporción de cuartos afectados con mastitis clínica y con grados de afección 1, 2 y 3 cruces. La hormona y los grupos de parto no tuvieron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p> 0.05), pero sí las aplicaciones (p 0.05). Se dedujo ausencia de diferencias significativas entre todos los intervalos obtenidos para mastitis. Para el análisis microeconómico, se realizó una simulación proyectada a un año para cada uno de los grupos considerados y se estableció la relación beneficio/costo, donde el grupo que recibió BST-r2 presentó la mejor relación. No obstante, el tratamiento con la hormona aumentó el PA y generó pérdidas en producción.Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho produtivo y reprodutivo da aplicação de duas fontes comerciais de somatotropina bovina recombinante (BST-r) foram utilizadas 30 vacas da raça Holstein Friesian de 1 a 4 partos e entre 60 e 180 dias em leite (DEL). Foram medidas a produção de leite (diária), a incidência de mastite e a condição corporal (CC) (mensal), e nas vacas vazias o período aberto (PA). Para a produção de leite foi utilizado um delineamento experimental completamente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 x 7 e uma covariável, considerando como fatores o parto (primíparas e multíparas); o hormônio, grupo 1, BST-r1 (500 mg) + vitamina E (1665 UI) + lecitina (166.5 mg); grupo 2, BST-r2 (500 mg); e controle, sem aplicação. O fator tempo com sete níveis (aplicação 3 a 9). Os DEL ao inicio do ensaio se tomaram como covariável. Para avaliar o PA foi utilizado um delineamento completamente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3 x 3, considerando como fatores o número de parto (2, 3 y 4) e o hormônio com os mesmos níveis três níveis mencionados anteriormente. Os valores de CC foram analisados pelo método não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, avaliando cinco momentos. A incidência de mastites se avaliou a partir de intervalos de confiança para a proporção de quartos afetados com mastite clínica e com graus de afeção 1, 2 e 3 cruzes. O hormônio e os grupos de parto não tiveram diferenças estadísticas significativas (p> 0.05), porém se as aplicações (p 0.05). Deduz-se ausência de diferenças significativas entre todos os intervalos obtidos para mastites. Para a análise microeconômica, se realizou uma simulação projetada a um ano para cada um dos grupos considerados e se estabeleceu a relação beneficio/custo, onde o grupo que recebeu BST-r2 apresentou a melhor relação. Contudo, o tratamento com o hormônio aumento o PA e gerou perdas em produção.This study was proposed with the aim to analyze productive and microeconomic responses of holstein friesian cows that were treated with one of two commercial sources of recombinant bovine somatotropin (BST-r). Thirty cows form 1 to 4 parity and 60 to 180 days in milk (DIM) were evaluated. Daily milk production was recorded; incidence of mastitis and body condition score (BCS) were measured once a month. In addition, open days (OD) were measured in not pregnant cows at the begging of the study. Milk yield variable was analyzed by a completely randomized design with a factorial 2 x 3 x 7 arrangement plus a covariable. Factors considered in the model were: calving (primiparous or multiparous); hormone treatment: group 1, BST-r1 (500 mg) + vitamin E (1665 UI) + lecitine (166.5 mg), group 2, BST-r2 (500 mg), and control group without treatment; and time (application 3 to 9). DIM at the beginning of the study was used as a covariable. Open days (OD) variable was e by a completely randomized design with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. Factors considered in the model were parity (2, 3 or 4) and hormone treatment (with the same three levels above mentioned). The BCS variable was analyzed by the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis method (five times). Hormone treatment or parity did not significantly differ (p> 0.05), although number of application (p 0.05). To perform the micro economical analysis, a one-year-projected-simulation was performed for each treatment group in order to establish a benefit/cost ratio, where BST-r2 treated group exhibited the best ratio. However, hormone treatment increased OD and induced economic losses in production process
Theory of Inpatient Circadian Care (TICC): A Proposal for a MiddleRange Theory
The circadian system controls the daily rhythms of a variety of physiological processes. Most organisms show
physiological, metabolic and behavioral rhythms that are coupled to environmental signals. In humans, the main synchronizer is the light/dark cycle, although non-photic cues such as food availability, noise, and work schedules are also involved. In a continuously operating hospital, the lack of rhythmicity in these elements can alter the patient’s biological rhythms and resilience. This paper presents a Theory of Inpatient Circadian Care (TICC) grounded in circadian principles. We conducted a literature search on biological rhythms, chronobiology, nursing care, and middle-range theories in the databases PubMed, SciELO Public Health, and Google Scholar. The search was performed considering a period of 6 decades from 1950 to 2013. Information was analyzed to look for links between chronobiology concepts and characteristics of inpatient care. TICC aims to integrate multidisciplinary knowledge of biomedical sciences and apply it to clinical practice in a formal way. The conceptual points of this theory are supported by abundant literature related to disease and altered biological rhythms. Our theory will be able to enrich current and future professional practice
Application of a polymerase chain reaction test for the detection of Brucella canis from clinical samples of canines and humans
Background: laboratory diagnosis of canine brucellosis includes serological and bacteriological tests; the blood culture is considered the gold standard, but it presents issues of sensitivity and delay in results. Therefore, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could be useful to detect low amounts of bacterial DNA from clinical samples and provide results within hours. Objective: to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of PCR for the detection of Brucella canis in whole blood samples. Methods: blood samples from 499 dogs from kennels in two Colombian regions and 91 co-inhabiting humans were used. The 2-mercaptoethanol rapid slide agglutination test (2ME-RSAT) from serum and blood culture and PCR tests from whole blood were performed on all samples. Bayes theorem was used to establish the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR test compared with the other tests performed. Results: 9.9% of the evaluated co-inhabiting humans yielded positive serological results and 0% were positive by PCR or blood culture tests. 10.8% of dog samples were positive by blood culture, 19% were positive by PCR and 13% were positive by 2ME-RSAT. 7% of the samples were positive by all tests. Compared with blood culture, PCR had a sensitivity of 92.6% and a specificity of 90% for canine samples. Compared with 2ME-RSAT, it had a sensitivity of 77.4% and a specificity of 89.2%. When PCR and 2ME-RSAT results were compared with blood culture, a higher number of positive samples were retrieved than when results of only individual tests were applied. Conclusions: PCR is useful to detect B. canis in clinical samples; however, it is preferable to include the 2ME-RSAT test, as this improves the accuracy of the diagnosis. The PCR results are obtained within 24 to 48 hours and do not require the presence of whole bacterial cells to detect DNA.Antecedentes: o diagnóstico laboratorial da brucelose canina inclui testes sorológicos e bacteriológicos. O padrão ouro é a cultura de sangue, mas tem problemas com a sensibilidade e o tempo de entrega dos resultados. Por conseguinte, a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), pode ser útil para detectar pequenas quantidades de ADN bacteriano diretamente a partir de amostras clínicas e fornecem resultados em 24 horas. Objetivo: para avaliar a sensibilidade e a especificidade da PCR para a detecção de Brucella canis em amostras de sangue total de 499 caninos provenientes de canis e 91 seres humanos em contato com estes cães em duas regiões da Colômbia. Métodos: foram realizados testes de aglutinação rápida em placa com 2-mercaptoetanol (2ME-PARP) a partir de soro, PCR y hemocultura a partir de sangue total. O teorema de Bayes utilizou-se para estabelecer a sensibilidade e especificidade da PCR em relação aos outros. Resultados: 9,9% (9) dos humanos avaliados resultaram positivos na prova sorológica, 100% foram negativos por PCR e hemocultura. 10.8% (54) das amostras de cães foram positivas na hemocultura, 19% (95) foram positivas na PCR e 13% (65) foram positivas no teste 2ME-PARP. 7% (35) das amostras foram positivas para todos os testes. Nas amostras caninas, a PCR teve sensibilidade do 92.6% e uma especificidade de 90% em comparação com a hemocultura. Em comparação com 2ME-PARP, teve uma sensibilidade de 77.4% e uma especificidade de 82.2%. Quando foram comparados os resultados da PCR e 2-ME-PARP com a hemocultura, um maior número de amostras positivas foram obtidas que quando foram usados os resultados de cada uma. Conclusões: a PCR é útil para detectar B. canis em amostras clínicas, porém, é recomendável incluir o teste de 2ME-PARP, para melhorar a acurácia do diagnóstico. Os resultados obtém-se em 24-48 horas e não requerem a presença de células bacterianas completas para detectar ADN.Antecedentes: el diagnóstico de laboratorio de brucelosis canina incluye pruebas serológicas y bacteriológicas. El hemocultivo se considera el estándar de oro, pero tiene problemas de sensibilidad y tiempo de entrega de los resultados. Por eso, la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) podría ser útil para detectar pequeñas cantidades de ADN bacteriano de muestras clínicas y proporcionar resultados en horas. Objetivo: evaluar la sensibilidad y especificidad de una PCR para la detección de Brucella canis, en muestras de sangre total de 499 perros de perreras y 91 humanos cohabitantes de dos regiones de Colombia. Métodos: se realizaron pruebas de aglutinación rápida en placa con 2-mercaptoetanol (2ME-PARP) a partir de suero, PCR y hemocultivo a partir de sangre total. El teorema de Bayes se utilizó para establecer la sensibilidad y especificidad de la prueba de PCR respecto a las demás. Resultados: 9,9% de los humanos cohabitantes evaluados resultaron positivos para la prueba serológica, y el 0% fue positivo para PCR o hemocultivo. 10,8% de las muestras de perros fueron positivas para hemocultivo, 19% fueron positivas para PCR y 13% eran 2ME-PARP positivo. 7% de las muestras fueron positivas para todos los ensayos. En las muestras caninas, la PCR tuvo una sensibilidad del 92,6% y una especificidad del 90% en comparación con el hemocultivo. En comparación con 2ME-PARP, tuvo una sensibilidad del 77,4% y una especificidad del 89,2%. Cuando se compararon los resultados de la PCR y 2ME-PARP con el hemocultivo, un mayor número de muestras positivas fueron obtenidas que usando los resultados de cada una. Conclusiones: la PCR es útil para detectar B.canis en muestras clínicas, sin embargo, es recomendable incluir la prueba de 2ME-PARP, lo que mejora la exactitud del diagnóstico, se obtienen los resultados en 24 ó 48 horas y no requieren la presencia de células bacterianas completas para detectar ADN
Extracción de aceite de aguacate variedad “Hass” (persea americana mill) liofilizado por prensado en frio
La obtención de aceite de aguacate ariedad “Hass” (Persea americana Mill), surge como una alternativa de aprovechamiento del fruto con el fin de fortalecer la cadena productiva del mismo y contrarrestar las pérdidas de los productores por la sobreproducción a nivel nacional. En el presente trabajo se evalúa la extracción de aceite de aguacate por prensado en frio a 2 presiones de trabajo (2000PSI y 2500PSI), llevando a cabo previamente un proceso de deshidratación por liofilización, con el fin de evaluar la influencia del tiempo de congelación sobre 4 propiedades del aceite: densidad, índice de saponificación, índice de refracción e índice de acidez. Se dispusieron paralelepípedos de 0,5 cm de arista y se congelaron a -80°C para evaluar 3 tiempos de congelación (6, 12 y 18 horas), transcurrido el tiempo se liofilizaron durante 24 horas, para finalmente someter la pulpa al proceso de prensado durante 30 minutos. Las cuatro propiedades determinadas para los tres tiempos de congelación no mostraron una tendencia definida y no se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas después de un análisis de varianza, sin embargo el mayor rendimiento de extracción (55,53%) se presentó durante el prensado de la pulpa congelada durante 6 horas y prensada a 2500 PSI.
Theory of inpatient circadian care (TICC): A proposal for a middle-range theory
The circadian system controls the daily rhythms of a variety of physiological processes. Most organisms show physiological, metabolic and behavioral rhythms that are coupled to environmental signals. In humans, the main synchronizer is the light/dark cycle, although non-photic cues such as food availability, noise, and work schedules are also involved. In a continuously operating hospital, the lack of rhythmicity in these elements can alter the patient’s biological rhythms and resilience. This paper presents a Theory of Inpatient Circadian Care (TICC) grounded in circadian principles. We conducted a literature search on biological rhythms, chronobiology, nursing care, and middle-range theories in the databases PubMed, SciELO Public Health, and Google Scholar. The search was performed considering a period of 6 decades from 1950 to 2013. Information was analyzed to look for links between chronobiology concepts and characteristics of inpatient care. TICC aims to integrate multidisciplinary knowledge of biomedical sciences and apply it to clinical practice in a formal way. The conceptual points of this theory are supported by abundant literature related to disease and altered biological rhythms. Our theory will be able to enrich current and future professional practice.Fil: Camargo Sanchez, Andrés. Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales; ColombiaFil: Niño, Carmen L.. Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales; ColombiaFil: Sánchez, Leonardo. Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales; ColombiaFil: Echeverri, Sonia. Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota; ColombiaFil: Gutiérrez, Diana P.. Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota; ColombiaFil: Duque, Andrés F.. Marly Clinic; ColombiaFil: Pianeta, Oscar. Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales; ColombiaFil: Jaramillo Gómez, Jenny A.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Pilonieta, Martin A.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Cataño, Nhora. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Arboleda, Humberto. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Agostino, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez Baron, Claudia P.. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Vargas, Rafael. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Colombi
Utility of biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: A narrative review
Introducción: Con la evolución de las técnicas diagnosticas en el
trauma craneoencefálico, el estudio de la lesión neurológica
ha progresado sobre los conceptos de lesión primaria y secundaria, para entrar así en la era de la proteómica y, con ella,
entender los complejos eventos moleculares existentes en su
proceso.
Objetivos: En esta revisión narrativa se pretende presentar el
estado actual de los biomarcadores que más se usan en lesión
cerebral traumática, su utilidad clínica y las implicaciones en
protocolos de decisión terapéutica.
Materiales y métodos: Para dar respuesta al objetivo de este
trabajo, se realizo una revisión de la literatura en las principales
bases de datos.
Resultados: Se han estudiado varios biomarcadores como
factor pronostico en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico.
Conocer su sensibilidad y especificidad para la lesión neurológica,
así como su evolución en el tiempo tras el traumatismo, ha sido el
objetivo de diversos trabajos en los últimos años.
Conclusión: El avance en el estudio de los productos de
degradación de las proteínas hace necesario ampliar el espectro y
el conocimiento en el campo de los nuevos métodos diagnósticos
en el trauma craneoencefálico. Se requieren más estudios para definir la función de los biomarcadores y proponer protocolos que integren valores específicos.Introduction: With the evolution of diagnostic techniques in traumatic brain injury (TBI), the study of neurological injury has made progress based on the concepts of primary and secondary injury, leading to the era of proteomics to understand the complex molecular events involved in the process. Objectives: This narrative review is intended to discuss the state of the art of the most frequently used biomarkers in TBI, their clinical utility, and the implications for therapeutic decisionmaking protocols. Materials and methods: In order to fulfill the objective of this paper, a literature review was conducted of the most important databases. Results: Several biomarkers have been studied as prognostic factors in patients with TBI. Learning about their sensitivity and specificity in neurological injury, and its post-trauma evolution over time, has been the goal of various papers in the past few years. Conclusion: Breakthroughs in the study of protein degradation make it necessary to broaden the spectrumand knowledge of new diagnostic methods in TBI. Further studies are needed to define the role of biomarkers and to promote protocols integrating specific values
Epidemiological description of burns trauma in a childrend hospital. Manizales (Colombia) 2004-2005
Background. Burns have become an increasing problem of public health, in developping countries..
Objetive. To identify the epidemiology of burns trauma in the population that consults to the emergency room in children hospital “Rafael Henao Toro” of Manizales the city between 2004 and 2005 years.
Materials and methods. A retrospective descriptive study was made based in the revision of 439 clinical histories, evaluating the of age, sex, social security, origin, geographic area, cause, depth, seriousness, percentage, and corporal area concerned.
Results. Burns happened in patients of one year old (21,6%), masculine genre (59%) predominated. Most of the patients did not have social security, corresponding to 52,2%. 44,9% of patients living in the city. The main etiology were hot foods in 194 patients (44,2%). Burn of first degree in 78.1% was the most frequent, with moderate seriousness in 314 patients (71,5%). The most frequent corporal burned extension was of 2% in 15,3% of the total of the studied population, while the corporal region of greater commitment was the superior member in 111 patients (25,3%). The average of hospitalization was 11,99 days.
Conclusions. Burns trauma was of greater frequency in children under, five years old, caused by hot foods, in superior member, and of moderate seriousness