Alveolar bone healing in rats: micro-CT, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis

Alveolar bone healing after upper incisor extraction in rats is a classical model of preclinical studies. The underlying morphometric, cellular and molecular mechanism, however, remains imprecise in a unique study. Objectives: The aim of this study was therefore to characterize the alveolar bone healing after upper incisor extraction in rats by micro computed tomographic (Micro-CT), immunohistochemical and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Material and Methods: Thirty animals (Rattus norvegicus, Albinus Wistar) were divided into three groups after upper incisors extraction at 7, 14, and 28 days. Micro-CT was evaluated based on the morphometric parameters. Subsequently, the histological analyses and immunostaining of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear kappa B ligand (RANKL) and tartrate resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) was performed. In addition, RT-PCR analyses of OPG, RANKL, the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OPN), osterix (OST) and receptor activator of nuclear kappa B (RANK) were performed to determine the expression of these proteins in the alveolar bone healing. Results: Micro-CT: The morphometric parameters of bone volume and trabecular thickness progressively increased over time. Consequently, a gradual decrease in trabecular separation, trabecular space and total bone porosity was observed. Immunohistochemical: There were no differences statistically significant between the positive labeling for OPG, RANKL and TRAP in the different periods. RT-PCR: At 28 days, there was a significant increase in OPG expression, while RANKL expression and the RANKL/OPG ratio both decreased over time. Conclusion: Micro-CT showed the newly formed bone had favorable morphometric characteristics of quality and quantity. Beyond the RUNX2, OC, OPN, OST, and RANK proteins expressed in the alveolar bone healing, OPG and RANKL activity showed to be essential for activation of basic multicellular units during the alveolar bone healing

First Latin American clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: Latin American Group for the Study of Lupus (GLADEL, Grupo Latino Americano de Estudio del Lupus)-Pan-American League of Associations of Rheumatology (PANLAR)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease, represents a significant challenge for both diagnosis and treatment. Patients with SLE in Latin America face special problems that should be considered when therapeutic guidelines are developed. The objective of the study is to develop clinical practice guidelines for Latin American patients with lupus. Two independent teams (rheumatologists with experience in lupus management and methodologists) had an initial meeting in Panama City, Panama, in April 2016. They selected a list of questions for the clinical problems most commonly seen in Latin American patients with SLE. These were addressed with the best available evidence and summarised in a standardised format following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. All preliminary findings were discussed in a second face-to-face meeting in Washington, DC, in November 2016. As a result, nine organ/system sections are presented with the main findings; an 'overarching' treatment approach was added. Special emphasis was made on regional implementation issues. Best pharmacologic options were examined for musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, kidney, cardiac, pulmonary, neuropsychiatric, haematological manifestations and the antiphospholipid syndrome. The roles of main therapeutic options (ie, glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressant agents, therapeutic plasma exchange, belimumab, rituximab, abatacept, low-dose aspirin and anticoagulants) were summarised in each section. In all cases, benefits and harms, certainty of the evidence, values and preferences, feasibility, acceptability and equity issues were considered to produce a recommendation with special focus on ethnic and socioeconomic aspects. Guidelines for Latin American patients with lupus have been developed and could be used in similar settings.Fil: Pons Estel, Bernardo A.. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas; ArgentinaFil: Bonfa, Eloisa. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Soriano, Enrique R.. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Cardiel, Mario H.. Centro de Investigación Clínica de Morelia; MéxicoFil: Izcovich, Ariel. Hospital Alemán; ArgentinaFil: Popoff, Federico. Hospital Aleman; ArgentinaFil: Criniti, Juan M.. Hospital Alemán; ArgentinaFil: Vásquez, Gloria. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Massardo, Loreto. Universidad San Sebastián; ChileFil: Duarte, Margarita. Hospital de Clínicas; ParaguayFil: Barile Fabris, Leonor A.. Hospital Angeles del Pedregal; MéxicoFil: García, Mercedes A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Amigo, Mary Carmen. Centro Médico Abc; MéxicoFil: Espada, Graciela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Catoggio, Luis J.. Hospital Italiano. Instituto Universitario. Escuela de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Sato, Emilia Inoue. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Levy, Roger A.. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; BrasilFil: Acevedo Vásquez, Eduardo M.. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; PerúFil: Chacón Díaz, Rosa. Policlínica Méndez Gimón; VenezuelaFil: Galarza Maldonado, Claudio M.. Corporación Médica Monte Sinaí; EcuadorFil: Iglesias Gamarra, Antonio J.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Molina, José Fernando. Centro Integral de Reumatología; ColombiaFil: Neira, Oscar. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Silva, Clóvis A.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Vargas Peña, Andrea. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; UruguayFil: Gómez Puerta, José A.. Hospital Clinic Barcelona; EspañaFil: Scolnik, Marina. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Pons Estel, Guillermo J.. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas; Argentina. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Ugolini Lopes, Michelle R.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Savio, Verónica. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Drenkard, Cristina. University of Emory; Estados UnidosFil: Alvarellos, Alejandro J.. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Ugarte Gil, Manuel F.. Universidad Cientifica del Sur; Perú. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; PerúFil: Babini, Alejandra. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Cavalcanti, André. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Cardoso Linhares, Fernanda Athayde. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; UruguayFil: Haye Salinas, Maria Jezabel. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes Silva, Yurilis J.. Universidad de Oriente - Núcleo Bolívar; VenezuelaFil: Montandon De Oliveira E Silva, Ana Carolina. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Eraso Garnica, Ruth M.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Herrera Uribe, Sebastián. Hospital General de Medellin Luz Castro de Gutiérrez; ColombiaFil: Gómez Martín, DIana. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Robaina Sevrini, Ricardo. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Quintana, Rosana M.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas; ArgentinaFil: Gordon, Sergio. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas; ArgentinaFil: Fragoso Loyo, Hilda. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Rosario, Violeta. Hospital Docente Padre Billini; República DominicanaFil: Saurit, Verónica. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Appenzeller, Simone. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Dos Reis Neto, Edgard Torres. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Cieza, Jorge. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; PerúFil: González Naranjo, Luis A.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: González Bello, Yelitza C.. Ceibac; MéxicoFil: Collado, María Victoria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Sarano, Judith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Retamozo, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Sattler, María E.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Gamboa Cárdenas, Rocio V.. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; PerúFil: Cairoli, Ernesto. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Conti, Silvana M.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Amezcua Guerra, Luis M.. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez; MéxicoFil: Silveira, Luis H.. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez; MéxicoFil: Borba, Eduardo F.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Pera, Mariana A.. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Alba Moreyra, Paula B.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Arturi, Valeria. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Berbotto, Guillermo A.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Gerling, Cristian. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas; ArgentinaFil: Gobbi, Carla Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gervasoni, Viviana L.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Scherbarth, Hugo R.. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas; ArgentinaFil: Brenol, João C. Tavares. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Cavalcanti, Fernando. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Costallat, Lilian T. Lavras. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Da Silva, Nilzio A.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Monticielo, Odirlei A.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Seguro, Luciana Parente Costa. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Xavier, Ricardo M.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Llanos, Carolina. Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Montúfar Guardado, Rubén A.. Instituto Salvadoreño de la Seguridad Social; El SalvadorFil: Garcia De La Torre, Ignacio. Hospital General de Occidente; MéxicoFil: Pineda, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación; MéxicoFil: Portela Hernández, Margarita. Umae Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo Xxi; MéxicoFil: Danza, Alvaro. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; UruguayFil: Guibert Toledano, Marlene. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: Reyes, Gil Llerena. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: Acosta Colman, Maria Isabel. Hospital de Clínicas; ParaguayFil: Aquino, Alicia M.. Hospital de Clínicas; ParaguayFil: Mora Trujillo, Claudia S.. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; PerúFil: Muñoz Louis, Roberto. Hospital Docente Padre Billini; República DominicanaFil: García Valladares, Ignacio. Centro de Estudios de Investigación Básica y Clínica; MéxicoFil: Orozco, María Celeste. Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica; ArgentinaFil: Burgos, Paula I.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Betancur, Graciela V.. Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica; ArgentinaFil: Alarcón, Graciela S.. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Perú. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unido

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Análise histológica, imunoistoquímica e morfométrica de biópsias de tecidos ósseo de pacientes hipertensos compensados

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric characteristics, histological and immunohistochemical bone tissue collected from patients with hypertension offset by the use of drugs antagonists of the renin angiotensin system. Material and Methods: 30 patients referred for rehabilitation with implants placed in the posterior mandible were divided into two groups, following the criteria of inclusion and exclusion previously established. The first group showed no systemic changes (GSA) and did not use any medication and the second group was composed of diagnosed hypertensive patients treated by RAAS (GAS) antagonists. During the procedure for installation of dental implants with textured surface, they were collected bone blocks through biopsy trephine drill 3.0mm diameter implants in the installation sites. The collected biopsies were separated fo evaluatio by microtomography, being evaluated the following parameters: bone volume (BV / TV), trabecular thickness(Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), separation of the trabecular (Tb.S) and total porosity (Po-tot). Also the analysis of histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed as well a the immunohistochemical evaluation of proteins that characterize the cells of osteoblast lineage: Runx2, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Results: For all parameters (BV, BV / TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Tb.S and E-tot) were similar in the comparison between GAS and GSA (p> 0.05, t test). The biology of bone tissue to analyze by immunohistochemistry presented similar results in both groups, with markings scores in ordinal qualitativ analysis for transcription factor related to Runt 2 (Runx2) GSA (light) and GAS (moderate), osteopontin (OP) GSA (mild to moderate) and GAS (moderate to intense), osteocalcin (OC) GSA (intense) and GAS (moderate). Furthermore, the biology of bone tissue was histologically similar in both groups. Conclusions: Therefore, it was concluded that hypertensive subjects treated with renin-angiotensin system antagonists have great bone microstructural similarity and also cell/protein to normotensive individuals.Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as características morfométicas, histológicas e imunoistoquímicas do tecido ósseo coletado de pacientes portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica compensada pelo uso de medicamentos antagonistas do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldoesterona (SRAA). Materiais e Métodos: Trinta pacientes com indicação para reabilitação por meio de implantes instalados na região posterior de mandíbula foram divididos em dois grupos, seguindo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente estabelecidos. O primeiro grupo não apresentava alterações sistêmicas (GSA) e não fazia uso de qualquer medicação e, o segundo grupo foi composto por pacientes hipertensos diagnosticados e medicados por antagonistas do SRAA (GAS). Durante o procedimento cirúrgico para instalação dos implantes osseointegráveis com superfície texturizada, foram coletados blocos ósseos por meio de biópsia com broca trefina de 3,0mm de diâmetro nos locais de instalação dos implantes. As biópsias coletadas foram separadas para avaliação por microtomografia computadorizada, sendo avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: volume ósseo (BV/TV), percentual de volume ósseo (BV/TV), espessura de trabéculas (Tb.Th), número de trabéculas (Tb.N), separação entre as trabéculas (Tb.S) e porosidade total (Po-tot). Também foi realizada a análise dos cortes histológicos corados por hematoxilina e eosina, bem como a avaliação imunoistoquímica de proteínas que caracterizam as células da linhagem osteoblástica: Runx2, Osteopontina e Osteocalcina. Resultados: Para todos os parâmetros analisados (BV, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Tb.S e Po-tot), houve similaridade na comparação entre os grupos GAS e GSA (p<0,05, teste t). As imunomarcações para osteopontina e osteocalcina mostraram-se semelhantes nos dois grupos. Vale destacar importante marcação observada no grupo GAS para o fator de transcrição Runt 2 (Runx2), em comparação a marcação da mesma proteína no grupo GSA. Além disso, a biologia do tecido ósseo do ponto de vista histológico foi semelhante nos dois grupos. Conclusões: Foi possível concluir que indivíduos hipertensos tratados com antagonistas do SRAA apresentam grande similaridade óssea microestrutural e também celular/protéica aos indivíduos normotensos.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Análise do processo de reparo de defeitos ósseos críticos em calvária de ratos preenchidos com osso autógeno ou Bone Ceramic: um estudo histométrico e imunoistoquímico

(1) Objetivos: Avaliar por meio da análise histométrica e imunoistoquímica, o potencial osteocondutor de grânulos de hidroxiapatita e beta- tricálcio fosfato (Bone Ceramic - Straumann®) no processo de reparo de defeitos ósseos críticos em calvária de ratos. (2) Métodos: Foram utilizados ratos divididos em três grupos (n=8), submetidos à eutanásia aos 14 dias e 28 dias pós-cirúrgicos. Em cada animal foi realizado um defeito ósseo de 5mm na calvária, sendo o Grupo Coágulo (GC) com o defeito preenchido somente com coágulo; Grupo Osso Autógeno (GA), preenchido com osso autógeno e Grupo Bone Ceramic (GBC), com osso aloplástico (Straumann®). Foi avaliada a área de tecido ósseo presente na região central dos defeitos ósseos. Para a comparação entre os valores obtidos, foi realizado o teste ANOVA e como pós-teste, Tukey. Foi adotado como nível de significância p<0,05. Foi realizada análise imunoistoquímica, com os anticorpos primários contra OC, RUNX 2, TRAP e VEGF, para a avaliação dos diferentes estágios do processo de reparo ósseo. Como análise adicional, foram obtidads imagens 3D das cálvarias em microtomografia. (3) Resultados: O local do defeito ósseo originalmente tratado com BC foi totalmente preenchido por um conglomerado de biomateriais e osso neoformado, o qual foi estatisticamente superior ao GC, em ambos os períodos analisados (p<0,05). Remanescentes de BC eram visíveis e estavam em íntimo contato com o tecido ósseo. Além disso, no grupo GA as observações foram semelhantes, porém foi notado fechamento total do defeito aos 28 dias e houve maior área de neoformação óssea em todos os períodos analisados, comparando-se aos demais biomateriais (p<0,05). Defeitos que foram preenchidos com CO apresentaram apenas um tecido conjuntivo delgado fechando o defeito...(1)Objectives: To evaluate by histometric and immunohistochemical analysis, the osteoconductive potential of hydroxyapatite granules and beta-tricalcium phosphate (Bone Ceramic - Straumann ®) in the repair of critical bone defects in rat calvaria process. (2)Methods: The rats were divided into three groups (n = 8) and submitted to euthanasia at 14 days and 28 days post-surgery. In each animal a 5 mm calvaria bone defect was performed. In Blood Clot Group (CG) the defect was filled only with clot; in the Autogenous Bone Group (AG) the defect was filled with autogenous bone and in Bone Ceramic Group (BC), with alloplastic bone (Straumann ®).The bone tissue area was evaluated in the central region of bone defects. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test at 5% level of significance. For the evaluation of the different stages of the bone healing process, immunohistochemical analysis was performed with primary antibodies against OC, RUNX 2, TRAP and VEGF. As an additional analysis, calvaria’s 3D images were obtained in microtomography. (3)Results: The bone defect treated with BC was filled with a conglomerate of biomaterials and bone formation, which was statistically higher than CG in both periods analyzed. Remnants of BC were visible and were in intimate contact with bone tissue. Furthermore, the AG group observations were similar, but it was observed a complete defect closure after 28 days and there was a greater area of bone formation in all periods analyzed, comparing to other biomaterials (p <0.05). The defects filled with CO showed only a slender conjunctive tissue closing the bone defect. The TRAP protein was lightly immunomarked, while immunostaining of VEGF was moderate. The osteocalcin immunostaining was present in all analyzed periods (14 and 28 days). The AG group´s 3D image showed full compatibility bone...Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Smile analysis following orthognathic surgery

Aim : This study compared the different views between orthodontists and oral maxillofacial surgeons, as for smile analysis in patients subjected to orthognathic surgery. Methods: Thirty individuals who had undergone orthognathic surgery and had a minimum postoperative period of 6 months were selected. Posttreatment frontal smile photographs were obtained and examined. Smile features were recorded by 4 professionals (2 orthodontists and 2 surgeons) and the agreement between them was assessed. Results: The subjective analysis of smile as well as the observation of incisal and gingival exposure showed a statistically significant agreement percentage between the two groups. Nevertheless, no agreement was seen between the surgeons, while evaluating the buccal corridor and the parallelism between the incisal edge of antero-superior teeth and the lower lip. Significant agreement percentage (60%) was seen only between the orthodontists regarding the smile arch parallelism. Conclusions : Professionals must be alert as for facial analysis, mainly in terms of smile harmony, so that the orthognathic surgery will satisfactorily reestablish the facial esthetics in all the parameters outlined

Smile analysis following orthognathic surgery

is study compared the different views between orthodontists and oral maxillofacial surgeons, as for smile analysis in patients subjected to orthognathic surgery. Methods: Thirty individuals who had undergone orthognathic surgery and had a minimum postoperative period of 6 months were selected. Posttreatment frontal smile photographs were obtained and examined. Smile features were recorded by 4 professionals (2 orthodontists and 2 surgeons) and the agreement between them was assessed. Results: The subjective analysis of smile as well as the observation of incisal and gingival exposure showed a statistically significant agreement percentage between the two groups. Nevertheless, no agreement was seen between the surgeons, while evaluating the buccal corridor and the parallelism between the incisal edge of antero-superior teeth and the lower lip. Significant agreement percentage (60%) was seen only between the orthodontists regarding the smile arch parallelism. Conclusions: Professionals must be alert as for facial analysis, mainly in terms of smile harmony, so that the orthognathic surgery will satisfactorily reestablish the facial esthetics in all the parameters outlined

Bone repair access of BoneCeramic™ in 5-mm defects: study on rat calvaria

<div><p>Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteoconductive potential of BoneCeramic™ on bone healing in rat calvaria 5-mm defects. Material and Methods: A 5-mm calvaria bone defect was induced in three groups and the defect was not filled with biomaterial [Clot Group (CG)], autogenous bone (AG), or Bone Ceramic Group (BCG). Animals were euthanized after 14 or 28 days and the bone tissue within the central area of the bone defect was evaluated. Results were compared using ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry was performed using primary antibodies against osteocalcin, RUNX-2, TRAP, VEGF proteins, and 3-dimensional images of the defects in μCT were obtained to calculate bone mineral density (BMD). Results: In BCG, the defect was completely filled with biomaterial and new bone formation, which was statistically superior to that in the GC group, at both time-points (p<0.001 for 14 days; p=0.002 for 28 days). TRAP protein showed weak, RUNX-2 showed a greater immunolabeling when compared with other groups, VEGF showed moderate immunostaining, while osteocalcin was present at all time-points analyzed. The μCT images showed filling defect by BCG (BMD= 1337 HU at 28 days). Conclusion: Therefore, the biomaterial tested was found to be favorable to fill bone defects for the reporting period analyzed.</p></div

Unilateral condylar hyperplasia: a treatment strategy

Condylar hyperplasia (CH) is a pathologic condition that causes overdevelopment of the condylar head and neck as well as the mandible. Slowly progressive unilateral enlargement of the head and the neck of the condyle causes crossbite malocclusion, facial asymmetry, and shifting of the midpoint of the chin to the unaffected side. The etiology and the pathogenesis of CH remain uncertain. The diagnosis is made by clinical and radiologic examinations and bone scintigraph. A difference in uptake of 10% or more between condyles is regarded as indicative of CH, and the affected condyles had a relative uptake of 55% or more. When the diagnosis of active CH is established, the treatment consists of removal of the growth center by a partial condylectomy. The authors present the case of a 46-year-old male patient with right active type II CH or hemimandibular hyperplasia who underwent a high condylectomy