432 research outputs found
Remarks on the cognitive base of pragmatic principles
The present paper aims at the exemplification of the applicability of plausibility analysis to linguistics. Starting from the criticism of Robinson (1997), the paper argues for two assumptions. Firstly, as opposed to a theory of distributed systems, it is a theory of plausible reasoning that is capable of capturing basic methodological problems of theory formation in pragmatics (such as circularity, category error, the arbitrariness of interpretations of data and the objectification of the theorist's cultural and linguistic knowledge as principles of language behaviour). Secondly, the cognitive base of pragmatic principles is inferential and plausibilistic, rather than non-inferential and probabilistic
Az adattĂpusok integráciĂłjának tudománymĂłdszertani problĂ©mái az elmĂ©leti nyelvĂ©szetben
Az elmĂ©leti nyelvĂ©szetben jelenleg Ă©les vita folyik arrĂłl, hogy milyen adattĂpusok Ă©s milyen adatforrások fogadhatĂłk el. A vita kiváltĂłja az elmĂ©leti nyelvĂ©szet fĹ‘ áramában Ă©vtizedek Ăłta domináns szerepet játszĂł, az introspekciĂłban mint adatforrásban gyökerezĹ‘ grammatikalitási ĂtĂ©letek megbĂzhatĂłságába vetett bizalom megrendĂĽlĂ©se. A jelen tanulmány amellett Ă©rvel, hogy bármily problematikusak is az introspektĂv adatok, nem iktathatĂłk ki az elmĂ©leti nyelvĂ©szetbĹ‘l. EzĂ©rt az alapkĂ©rdĂ©s nem az, hogy milyen adattĂpussal válthatĂłk fel, hanem az, hogy milyen mĂłdon integrálhatĂłk egymással kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ adatforrásokbĂłl származĂł adattĂpusok az elmĂ©leti nyelvĂ©szetben. Ugyanakkor a jelenlegi elmĂ©leti nyelvĂ©szet tudománymĂłdszertana alkalmatlan arra, hogy e kĂ©rdĂ©sre elfogadhatĂł, a nyelvĂ©szeti kutatĂłmunka gyakorlatában alkalmazhatĂł választ adjon. A tanulmány központi feltevĂ©se az, hogy KertĂ©sz – Rákosi (2012) p-modellje lehet egy olyan Ăşjfajta tudománymĂłdszertan egyik lehetsĂ©ges (de nem az egyedĂĽl lehetsĂ©ges) kiindulĂłpontja, amely a kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ adatforrásokbĂłl
származĂł, kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ adattĂpusok integráciĂłjának igĂ©nyĂ©t a jelenleginĂ©l hatĂ©konyabban ki tudja szolgálni
Whole-part and part-whole inferences in generative and cognitive linguistics
The paper focuses on
the relation between the analytical philosophy of science and modular and
holistic approaches to cognitive linguistics, respectively. The authors show
that Chomsky's as well as Bierwisch & Lang's and Lakoff & Johnson's
approaches make substantial use of non-demonstrative inferences which the
standard view of the analytical philosophy of science evaluates as fallacies.
By outlining a metatheoretical framework focusing on plausible inferences, the
authors argue that the inferences the theories mentioned make use of are
plausible rather than fallacious. This finding illuminates basic aspects of
theory formation in linguistics and motivates the revaluation of the
methodological foundations of linguistic theories
Paraconsistency and Plausible Argumentation in Generative Grammar: A Case Study
While the analytical philosophy of science regards inconsistent theories as disastrous, Chomsky allows for the temporary tolerance of inconsistency between the hypotheses and the data. However, in linguistics there seem to
be several types of inconsistency. The present paper aims at the development of a novel metatheoretical framework which provides tools for the representation and evaluation of inconsistencies in linguistic theories. The metatheoretical model relies on a system of paraconsistent logic and distinguishes between strong and weak inconsistency. Strong inconsistency is destructive in that it leads to logical chaos. In contrast, weak inconsistency may be constructive, because it is capable of accounting for the simultaneous presence of seemingly incompatible structures. However, paraconsistent logic cannot grasp the dynamism of the emergence and resolution of weak inconsistencies. Therefore, the metatheoretical approach is extended to plausible argumentation. The workability of this metatheoretical model is tested with the help of a detailed case study on an analysis of discontinuous constituents in Government-Binding Theory.
Keywords: generative syntax, inconsistency, paraconsistency, plausible argumentatio
PlauzĂbilis Ă©rvelĂ©s a nyelvĂ©szetben = Plausible reasoning in linguistics
A projekt legfontosabb eredmĂ©nye a kutatási terv kĂ©t központi feladatának teljesĂtĂ©se: (a) EgyrĂ©szt kidolgoztuk a nyelvĂ©szeti elmĂ©letalkotás eddig nem vizsgált aspektusainak feltárására alkalmas - p-modellnek nevezett - metaelmĂ©leti elemzĂ©si mĂłdszert. (b) MásrĂ©szt a p-modellt számos esettanulmányban a következĹ‘ nyelvĂ©szeti elmĂ©letek argumentáciĂłs szerkezetĂ©nek feltárására alkalmaztuk: a generatĂv szintaxis standard elmĂ©lete, a kormányzás Ă©s kötĂ©s elmĂ©lete, a nĂ©met affrikáták egy SPE-alapĂş elmĂ©lete, a kompozicionalitás formális szemantikai elmĂ©letei, a kĂ©tszintű szemantika Ă©s a fogalmi metaforaelmĂ©let. A nyelvĂ©szeti elmĂ©letalkotás p-modellje Ă©s az esettanulmányokban valĂł alkalmazása a nyelvĂ©szeti elmĂ©letalkotás radikálisan Ăşj Ă©rtelmezĂ©sĂ©hez vezet: (a) A nyelvĂ©szeti elmĂ©letalkotás ciklikus Ă©s prizmatikus, retrospektĂv ĂşjraĂ©rtĂ©kelĂ©sre Ă©pĂĽlĹ‘ plauzibilis Ă©rvelĂ©si folyamat. (b) A nyelvĂ©szeti adatok Ă©s evidencia szerkezete Ă©s funkciĂłi ezen plauzibilis Ă©rvelĂ©si folyamat sajátosságaitĂłl fĂĽggnek. (c) Az Ă©rvelĂ©si folyamat sajátosságai adnak magyarázatot többek között a nyelvĂ©szeti adatok bizonytalanságára, sokfĂ©lesĂ©gĂ©re, kombinálhatĂłságára, valamint az adatok által kiváltott ellentmondások fellĂ©pĂ©sĂ©re Ă©s (idĹ‘leges) fennállására. (d) LehetĹ‘vĂ© vált a parakonzisztencia szerepĂ©nek feltárása a nyelvĂ©szeti elmĂ©letalkotásban. (e) ElkĂĽlönĂthetĹ‘vĂ© vált a plauzibilis Ă©rvelĂ©s az Ă©rvelĂ©si hibáktĂłl. | The main result of the project is the solution of both central tasks as defined in the proposal: (a) First, a novel metatheoretical approach - which we called "p-model" - was put forward. The p-model is capable of accounting for several aspects of theory formation in linguistics which current metatheoretical approaches cannot capture. (b) Second, in a series of case studies the p-model was applied to revealing the argumentation structure of the following linguistic theories: the Standard Theory of Generative Grammar, Government-Binding Theory, a SPE-based theory of German affricates, three theories of compositionality, the two-level semantics and Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The p-model along with its applications in the case studies yields a radically new account of linguistic theorizing: (a) Linguistic theorizing is a cyclic and prismatic process of plausible argumentation based on the retrospective re-evaluation of data and hypotheses. (b) The structure and function of linguistic data and evidence depend on the properties of this process. (c) It is the properties of the process of plausible argumentation that account for the uncertainty, the pluralism, the complexity, the combinability, and the inconsistency of linguistic data. (d) The role of paraconsistency in linguistic theories could be revealed. (e) Plausible argumentation could be distinguished from fallacious argumentation
Evaluation the Impact Tilt Angle on the Sun Collectors
AbstractIn order to efficiently solve the problems created by the deepening energy crisis affecting Europe and the world, governments cannot neglect the opportunities of using the energy produced by sun collectors. In many of the EU countries there are sun collectors producing heat energy, e.g. in Austria more than 3,500,000m2 and in Germany more than 12,000,000m2 of sun collectors are operated [5]. The energy produced by these sun collectors is utilized at the place of production. In the near future governments will have to focus more on spreading and using sun collectors. Among the complex problems of operating sun collectors, this article deals with determining the optimal tilt angle of sun collectors. The tilt angles which we determined theoretically are confirmed by laboratory measurements. The result of our work will help users and engineers to determine the optimal operation of sun collectors
Mutations of the central tyrosines of putative cholesterol recognition amino acid consensus (CRAC) sequences modify folding, activity, and sterol-sensing of the human ABCG2 multidrug transporter
Human ABCG2 is a plasma membrane glycoprotein causing multidrug resistance in cancer. Membrane cholesterol and bile acids are efficient regulators of ABCG2 function, while the molecular nature of the sterol-sensing sites has not been elucidated. The cholesterol recognition amino acid consensus (CRAC, L/V-(X)(1-5)-Y-(X)(1-5)-R/K) sequence is one of the conserved motifs involved in cholesterol binding in several proteins. We have identified five potential CRAC motifs in the transmembrane domain of the human ABCG2 protein. In order to define their roles in sterol-sensing, the central tyrosines of these CRACs (Y413, 459, 469, 570 and 645) were mutated to S or F and the mutants were expressed both in insect and mammalian cells. We found that mutation in Y459 prevented protein expression; the Y469S and Y645S mutants lost their activity; while the Y570S, Y469F, and Y645F mutants retained function as well as cholesterol and bile acid sensitivity. We found that in the case of the Y413S mutant, drug transport was efficient, while modulation of the ATPase activity by cholesterol and bile acids was significantly altered. We suggest that the Y413 residue within a putative CRAC motif has a role in sterol-sensing and the ATPase/drug transport coupling in the ABCG2 multidrug transporter
- …