100,197 research outputs found
Vacuum polarization of scalar fields near Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black holes and the resonance behavior in field-mass dependence
We study vacuum polarization of quantized massive scalar fields in
equilibrium at black-hole temperature in Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m background. By
means of the Euclidean space Green's function we analytically derive the
renormalized expression at the event horizon with the area
. It is confirmed that the polarization amplitude
is free from any divergence due to the infinite red-shift
effect. Our main purpose is to clarify the dependence of on
field mass in relation to the excitation mechanism. It is shown for
small-mass fields with how the excitation of
caused by finite black-hole temperature is suppressed as increases, and it
is verified for very massive fields with that
decreases in proportion to with the amplitude equal to the
DeWitt-Schwinger approximation. In particular, we find a resonance behavior
with a peak amplitude at in the field-mass dependence of
vacuum polarization around nearly extreme (low-temperature) black holes. The
difference between Scwarzschild and nearly extreme black holes is discussed in
terms of the mass spectrum of quantum fields dominant near the event horizon.Comment: 24 pages, 1 figure Accepted in PR
CO adsorption on (111) and (100) surfaces of the Pt sub 3 Ti alloy. Evidence for parallel binding and strong activation of CO
The CO adsorption on a 40 atom cluster model of the (111) surface and a 36 atom cluster model of the (100) surface of the Pt3Ti alloy was studied. Parallel binding to high coordinate sites associated with Ti and low CO bond scission barriers are predicted for both surfaces. The binding of CO to Pt sites occurs in an upright orientation. These orientations are a consequence of the nature of the CO pi donation interactions with the surface. On the Ti sites the orbitals donate to the nearly empty Ti 3d band and the antibonding counterpart orbitals are empty. On the Pt sites, however, they are in the filled Pt 5d region of the alloy band, which causes CO to bond in a vertical orientation by 5 delta donation from the carbon end
Adsorption of O2, SO2, and SO3 on nickel oxide. Mechanism for sulfate formation
Calculations based on the atom superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital (ASED-MO) technique suggest that O2 will adsorb perferentially end-on at an angle 45 deg from normal on a nickel cation site on the (100) surface of NiO. SO2 adsorption is also stronger on the nickel site; SO2 bonds through the sulfur atom is a plane perpendicular to the surface. Adsorption energies for SO3 on the nickel and oxygen sites are comparable in the perferred orientation in which the SO3 plane is parallel to the surface. On activation, SO3 adsorbed to an O2(-) site forms a trigonal pyramidal SO4 species which yields, with a low barrier, a tetrahedral sulfate anion. Subsequently the anion reorients on the surface. Possibilities for alternative mechanisms which require the formation of Ni3(+) or O2(-) are discussed. NiSO4 thus formed leads to the corrosion of Ni at high temperatures in the SO2+O2/SO3 The SO2+O2/SO3 atmosphere, as discussed in the experimental literature
Shuttle electrical environment
Part of an AFGL payload flown on the STS-4 mission consisted of experiments to measure in-situ electric fields, electron densities, and vehicle charging. During this flight some 11 hours of data were acquired ranging from 5 minute snapshots up to continuous half-orbits. These experiments are described and results presented for such vehicle induced events as a main engine burn, thruster firings and water dumps in addition to undisturbed periods. The main characteristic of all the vehicle induced events is shown to be an enhancement in the low frequency noise (less than 2 kHz), in both the electrostatic and electron irregularity (delta N/N) spectra. The non-event results indicate that the electrostatic broadband emissions show a white noise characteristic in the low frequency range up to 2 kHz at an amplitude of 10 db above the shuttle design specification limit, falling below that limit above 10 kHz. The vehicle potential remained within the range of -3 to +1 volt throughout the flight which exhibits normal behavior for a satellite in a low equatorial orbit
Why CO bonds side-on at low coverage and both side-on and upright at high coverage on the Cr(110) surface
An atom superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital study of CO adsorption on the Cr(110) surface shows a high coordinate lying down orientation is favored. This is a result of the large number of empty d-band energy levels in chromium, which allows the antibonding counterparts to sigma and pi donation bonds to the surface to be empty. When lying down, backbonding to CO pi sup * orbitals is enhanced. Repulsive interactions cause additional CO to stand upright at 1/4 monolyer coverage. The results confirm the recent experimental study of Shinn and Madey
Atomic-phase interference devices based on ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates: Two ring case
We theoretically investigate the ground-state properties and quantum dynamics
of a pair of adjacent ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates that are coupled
via tunneling. This device, which is the analogue of a symmetric
superconducting quantum interference device, is the simplest version of what we
term an Atomic-Phase Interference Device (APHID). The two-ring APHID is shown
to be sensitive to rotation.Comment: 8 page
V/STOL concepts in the United States: Past, present, and future
Nonhelicopter types of V/STOL aircraft developed in the United States are reviewed, and some lessons learned from a selected number of concepts are highlighted. The AV-8B, which was developed by modifications to the British Harrier is the only current concept examined. Configurations proposed for the future subsonic, multimissing aircraft and the future supersonic fighter/attack aircraft are described. Emphasis is on these supersonic concepts
Exploratory tests of two strut fuel injectors for supersonic combustion
Results of supersonic mixing and combustion tests performed with two simple strut injector configurations, one with parallel injectors and one with perpendicular injectors, are presented and analyzed. Good agreement is obtained between static pressure measured on the duct wall downstream of the strut injectors and distributions obtained from one-dimensional calculations. Measured duct heat load agrees with results of the one-dimensional calculations for moderate amounts of reaction, but is underestimated when large separated regions occur near the injection location. For the parallel injection strut, good agreement is obtained between the shape of the injected fuel distribution inferred from gas sample measurements at the duct exit and the distribution calculated with a multiple-jet mixing theory. The overall fraction of injected fuel reacted in the multiple-jet calculation closely matches the amount of fuel reaction necessary to match static pressure with the one-dimensional calculation. Gas sample measurements with the perpendicular injection strut also give results consistent with the amount of fuel reaction in the one-dimensional calculation
On higher dimensional black holes with abelian isometry group
We consider (n+1)--dimensional, stationary, asymptotically flat, or
Kaluza-Klein asymptotically flat black holes, with an abelian --dimensional
subgroup of the isometry group satisfying an orthogonal integrability
condition. Under suitable regularity conditions we prove that the area of the
group orbits is positive on the domain of outer communications, vanishing only
on its boundary and on the "symmetry axis". We further show that the orbits of
the connected component of the isometry group are timelike throughout the
domain of outer communications. Those results provide a starting point for the
classification of such black holes. Finally, we show non-existence of zeros of
static Killing vectors on degenerate Killing horizons, as needed for the
generalisation of the static no-hair theorem to higher dimensions
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