TRAUMA THEORY IN MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT’S MARIA: OR, THE WRONGS OF WOMAN

Maria: or, The Wrongs of Woman, asserts and protests strenuously against the rigid laws that enslave women. The piece of work sheds light on the prevailing morality, which believes that chastity, repentance and submission should be the only virtues of women. Mary Wollstonecraft’s posthumous work is equipped with such powerful political statements. Maria’s character is nothing but a written defence against her oppressive and abusive husband’s misconducts against her. Wollstonecraft pens this feminist manifesto to denounce the numerous wrongs that are done to women. Her proclamation stands tall, demanding women’s right to be free of male oppression. In this research work, we would like to draw not only on the measurements of Maria: or, The Wrongs of Woman but also take a different path, focusing on a theme that is central to the novel and its feminist politics which has received little attention so far: trauma. The novel is a structuring of intertwined life events of suffering and ruptured relationships. We would here delve deep into the novel; the protagonist’s life events and the writer’s concerns through Trauma Theory

Isolation and X-ray structure of a mixed ligand ruthenium(II) intermediate that contains both ArNH₂ and CH₃CN as ligands

1595-1598Solvolysis of the complex [RuCl2(PhNH2)2h(L)], 1, (L= diim=N-phenyl-1,2 benzoquinonediimine) in acetonitrile has been studied. A mixed ligand complex of composition [RuCl(PhNH2)2(CH3CN)(L1)]Cl.H2O, 2, has been isolated and characterized. Lability of Cl in 1, is ascribed to strong trans directing ability of the diimine ligand. The compound, 2, is trans with respect to two PhNH2; Cl and CH3CN occupy relative cis positions. The C-N bond length of the chelate ring and C-C bond length within the quinonoid ring confirm the diimine oxidation state of the bidentate ligand. The Ru-N (diim) lengths are appreciably shorter than the Ru-N(aniline) lengths, indicating Ru(II)dπ → pπ (diim) interaction. Redox as well as spectral properties of the reference complex are reported.</span

Discovery and multimerization of cross-reactive single-domain antibodies against SARS-like viruses to enhance potency and address emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants

Abstract Coronaviruses have been the causative agent of three epidemics and pandemics in the past two decades, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A broadly-neutralizing coronavirus therapeutic is desirable not only to prevent and treat COVID-19, but also to provide protection for high-risk populations against future emergent coronaviruses. As all coronaviruses use spike proteins on the viral surface to enter the host cells, and these spike proteins share sequence and structural homology, we set out to discover cross-reactive biologic agents targeting the spike protein to block viral entry. Through llama immunization campaigns, we have identified single domain antibodies (VHHs) that are cross-reactive against multiple emergent coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS). Importantly, a number of these antibodies show sub-nanomolar potency towards all SARS-like viruses including emergent CoV-2 variants. We identified nine distinct epitopes on the spike protein targeted by these VHHs. Further, by engineering VHHs targeting distinct, conserved epitopes into multi-valent formats, we significantly enhanced their neutralization potencies compared to the corresponding VHH cocktails. We believe this approach is ideally suited to address both emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants during the current pandemic as well as potential future pandemics caused by SARS-like coronaviruses