The role of newer anticoagulants in prevention of deep vein thrombosis following joint replacements

Background: Deep vein thrombosis following orthopedic surgeries particularly hip and knee arthroplasty is due to the accompanying blood vessel trauma, venous stasis, coagulation activation and older age in most of the patients. This study aims to study the efficacy of newer anticoagulants such as direct thrombin and direct factor Xa inhibitors in prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following arthroplasties.Methods: Tablet Apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily was administered for 15 days following total knee replacement (TKR) and 30 days following total hip replacement (THR) or hemiarthroplasties.  Patients were examined clinically and radiologically with colour doppler of both lower limbs from 5th-13th and 30th-42th day postoperatively during follow up.Results: Only 3 out of 53 patients who underwent hip/knee arthroplasty developed DVT (p <0.05) which were found to be significant. Conclusions: The prevention of DVT in hip and knee arthoplasty using newer anticoagulant Apixaban was more efficacious, well tolerated with low rate of bleeding

Tetra­ethyl­ammonium l-malate 1.36-hydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C8H20N+·C4H5O5 −·1.36H2O, contains two independent ion pairs, with similar conformations, and three water mol­ecules of crystallization, one water mol­ecule haing a site-occupancy factor of 0.721 (5). Intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, involving the hydr­oxy groups and an O atom of each carboxyl­ate anion, generate five-membered rings involving S(5) ring motifs. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked together by water mol­ecules through four-membered O—H⋯O—H⋯O—H inter­actions to form one-dimensional infinite chains along the a axis. Since the mol­ecules are also linked into one-dimensional infinite chains along the b axis, mol­ecular sheets parallel to the (001) plane are created. Overall, the crystal structure is stabilized by two intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, nine inter­molecular O—H⋯O and ten C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Synthesis, growth, thermal, optical, dielectric and mechanical properties of semi-organic NLO crystal: Potassium hydrogen malate monohydrate

Potassium hydrogen malate monohydrate (PHMM), a semi-organic nonlinear optical material, has been synthesized and single crystals were grown from aqueous solution. Single crystals of PHMM have been grown by slow evaporation of solvent at room temperature up to dimensions of 22 mm x 16 mm x 14 mm. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study on grown crystals shows that they belong to monoclinic system and non-centrosymmetry spacegroup Cc. The structural perfection of the grown crystals has been analyzed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) rocking curve measurements. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study was performed for the identification of different modes of functional groups present in the compound. The UV-Vis transmission spectrum has been recorded in the range 200-1100 nm. The thermal stability of the compound has been determined by TG-DTA curves. The dielectric studies were performed. From the microhardness measurements, Vicker's hardness number (H-v), Stiffness constant (C-11), fracture toughness (k(c)), Brittle index (B-i) and yield strength (sigma(y)) have been calculated. The Young's modulus was calculated using the Knoop hardness measurement. The SHG relative efficiency of PHMM crystal was found to be 1.2 times higher than that of KDP

Synthesis, crystal growth, structural, optical, thermal and mechanical properties of novel organic NLO material: Ammonium malate

Ammonium malate (AM), an organic nonlinear optical material, has been synthesized and single crystals, with dimensions up to 38 x 35 x 27 mm(3), have been grown from aqueous solution. The crystal structure of AM has been determined, and it belongs to the non-centro symmetric space group Cc. The structural perfection of the grown crystals has been analysed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) rocking curve measurements. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies were also performed for the identification of different modes present in the compound. The UV-vis transmission spectrum has been recorded in the range 200-1100 nm. The second harmonic conversion efficiency of AM was determined using the Kurtz powder technique; it was observed to be greater than that of KDP. Thermal behaviour of AM was studied by TG and DTA. The dielectric and mechanical behaviour of the specimen was also studied

Synthesis, structure, growth and physical properties of a novel organic NLO crystal: 1,3-Dimethylurea dimethylammonium picrate

A novel noncentrosymmetric crystal was prepared from 1,3-dimethylurea dimethylammonium picrate, C(11)H(18)N(6)O(8) (DMUP), which was designed for second harmonic generation. DMUP crystals exist in noncentro symmetric space group Cmc2(1) with unit cell dimensions a = 14.288(4) angstrom, b = 17.023(5)angstrom, c = 6.8268(13) angstrom, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees and volume = 1660.5(8) angstrom(3). The crystal structure of DMUP has been determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The single crystals of DMUP were successfully grown by the slow evaporation method with dimensions 10 mm x 4 mm x 3 mm using dimethylformamide as solvent. The structural perfection of the grown crystals has been analysed by High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) rocking curve measurements. Powder test with Neodymium-doped Yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser radiation shows a high second harmonic generation (SHG). The laser induced surface damage threshold for the grown crystal was measured using Nd:YAG laser. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Effect of 50 MeV Li3+ ion irradiation on electrical, optical and mechanical properties of 4,4 '-dimethylbenzophenone

4,4′-Dimethylbenzophenone (DMBP) single crystals were irradiated at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature with 50 MeV Li3+ ions at fluences 1 × 1012 and 1 × 1013 ions/cm2. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss as a function of frequency of the applied ac field in the range from 20 Hz to 1 MHz and at temperatures ranging from 313 to 353 K were analyzed. The dielectric constant decreases with increase in frequency for all the temperatures. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss increase with fluence. Optical absorption was measured at different conditions. UV–Vis studies reveal the decrease in bandgap. The unirradiated as well as irradiated crystals were characterized by photoluminescence. Ion-induced changes were also studied with respect to their mechanical response using the Vicker’s microhardness technique and parameters including fracture toughness, brittleness index and yield strength are calculated

Biocompatible neem gum-modified polyvinyl alcohol composite as dielectric material for flexible energy devices

In our pursuit of a flexible energy storage solution, we have developed biocompatible (bc)-NG/PVA composite polymers by combining neem tree gum (NG) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This innovative bio-inspired approach harnesses NG's unique properties for both the bio-electrolyte and bio-electrode components. The resulting bc-NG/PVA composites exhibit superior dielectric strength and versatility, surpassing traditional inorganic ceramic dielectrics in advanced electronics and pulsed power systems. Our study investigates the dielectric characteristics, conductivities, electric modulus, and impedance parameters of Pure PVA and NG-doped PVA composites. Adding 5 % NG to PVA significantly boosts its conductivity from 10−8 S cm−1 to 10−4 S cm−1, while the dielectric constant of PVA/5 % NG composite jumps to 104.5 compared to pure PVA. These improvements position the composite films of 5 % NG added PVA as promising materials for diverse applications. The heightened performance of these NG-blended PVA composite materials underscores their potential as a valuable resource for flexible energy storage solutions